Sociology Concepts Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which type of family consists of a couple only, without children?

  • Blended family
  • Single-parent family
  • Nuclear family
  • Childless family (correct)

What was the main focus of the Asch Experiment?

  • To study the effects of authority on obedience
  • To observe group behavior and conformity (correct)
  • To evaluate the impact of physical confinement
  • To assess decision-making in stressful situations

Which of the following family types includes relatives living together in addition to parents and children?

  • Extended family (correct)
  • Common-law family
  • Nuclear family
  • Single-parent family

Which family type involves parents with children from previous marriages?

<p>Blended family (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the Milgram experiment, what was primarily being tested?

<p>Authority and obedience (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes children who are deserted at a young age and raised by animals?

<p>Ferals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following defines norms in a social context?

<p>Shared expectations or rules that govern behavior (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of family consists of two parents and their unmarried children living together?

<p>Nuclear family (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes a group formed around a charismatic leader and often possesses spiritual beliefs?

<p>Cult (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of sanctions in a social context?

<p>To respond positively or negatively to behaviour (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a mob in the context of collective behaviour?

<p>A crowd pursuing a violent goal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of norms indicate what individuals should do?

<p>Prescriptive norms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to informal norms based on tradition?

<p>Folkways (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes collective behavior?

<p>Unpredictable and can be irrational (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of crowd is primarily gathered for a specific event?

<p>Conventional crowd (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining feature of a mob?

<p>It is highly emotional with a violent or destructive purpose (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario best exemplifies a dispersed collective behavior?

<p>A group gossiping about a neighbor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary agent of socialization during childhood?

<p>Family (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of crowd is characterized by high emotions and a specific goal?

<p>Acting crowd (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines formal deviance?

<p>It violates formal social norms such as laws. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a riot from a mob?

<p>A riot involves several mobs without a specific goal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of socialization?

<p>To allow individuals to participate in their society (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of informal deviance?

<p>Dyeing hair a strange color (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the prescriptive aspect of social norms indicate?

<p>Behaviors that should be encouraged. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Strain Theory, individuals may turn to deviant behavior due to which of the following?

<p>An absence of means to achieve established goals. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory suggests that deviance is learned through interactions with others?

<p>Differential Association Theory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of Control Theory, what is a likely contributor to deviance?

<p>Lack of social control or inappropriate rewards. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can result from Labelling Theory regarding groups labeled as 'deviant'?

<p>They may accept the label and conform to it. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of norms are mores considered to be?

<p>Moral norms that govern behavior. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At which stage do peer groups begin to significantly influence children's behaviors?

<p>Years 2-3 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primarily characterizes the formal curriculum in education?

<p>Course contents and factual knowledge (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does socialization contribute to individual behavior within society?

<p>By enabling individuals to learn societal norms and values (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which perspective focuses on the functions of various social structures?

<p>Structural functionalism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theorist is associated with conflict theory?

<p>Karl Marx (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do symbolic interactionists primarily focus on in their study of society?

<p>The meanings of symbols derived from social interactions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a latent function in social structures?

<p>Promotion of punctuality and respect for others (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What roles do peer groups play in the socialization of children?

<p>They help children learn social skills through interaction. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary finding of Milgram's Experiment regarding participant behavior?

<p>More than 65% administered the maximum shock of 450-volts. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does agentic state theory suggest?

<p>Obedience to authority diminishes personal responsibility. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant ethical issue arose from the Stanford Prison Experiment?

<p>Guards displayed overly aggressive and abusive behavior. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the Robber’s Cave study, how did boys develop hostility towards each other?

<p>They naturally formed hostility without prior interaction. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are cliques primarily known for?

<p>Providing a space for close friendships and shared interests. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a key characteristic of cliques?

<p>Members typically share similar attitudes toward education. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major outcome of forming cliques for young people?

<p>They develop better interpersonal skills and self-concept. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do superordinate goals play in the context of the Robber’s Cave experiment?

<p>They help reduce conflict between rival groups. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Nuclear Family

A type of family consisting of a couple and their unmarried children living together.

Extended Family

A family unit including close relatives beyond just parents and unmarried children, such as grandparents, aunts or uncles.

Blended Family

A family formed when parents from previous marriages or relationships come together with children from those prior unions.

Asch Experiment

An experiment testing the pressure of conformity. Participants were shown a visual test and asked which line was longer. However, a group of confederates deliberately gave incorrect answers to mislead the real participant.

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Conformity

The tendency to change one's beliefs or behaviors to align with those of a group, despite the individual's private opinion.

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Agentic State Theory

A psychological theory proposing that individuals shift from personal responsibility to following authority figures’ instructions, even when actions are unethical.

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Milgram's Experiment

A famous experiment where participants were instructed to administer electric shocks to 'learners' (confederates). The study revealed a high rate of obedience to authority, even when causing potential harm.

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Robber's Cave Experiment

A social psychology study that investigated how groups develop their own distinct identities and dynamics, leading to potential conflict between groups.

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Cliques

A social structure where individuals are divided into groups based on shared interests, values, or social behaviors. These groups often have exclusive membership and influence.

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Superordinate Goals

When a group of individuals share a common goal or purpose, it can reduce conflict and foster cooperation.

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Stanford Prison Experiment

The Stanford Prison Experiment was an experiment where students were randomly assigned roles as guards or prisoners in a mock prison setting. Guards quickly adopted authoritarian and abusive behavior, while prisoners exhibited distress and passivity, revealing the power of situational factors in shaping behavior.

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Cognitive Dissonance

A psychological phenomenon where an individual's perception and understanding of the world is influenced by their social environment and assigned roles.

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Collective Behaviour

The way individuals act together in large groups, like in social movements or society.

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Crowd

A temporary gathering of people, often for a specific reason.

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Mob

A highly emotional crowd seeking a violent or destructive goal.

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Riot

A chaotic, frenzied crowd without a specific goal, often leading to destruction.

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Cult

A group with shared beliefs, often centered around a charismatic leader.

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Socialization

The lifelong process of learning and sharing social norms, customs, and values, equipping individuals for societal participation.

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Family

The primary agent of socialization, shaping early life values and beliefs.

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Secondary Agents

Secondary agents of socialization, including peers, school, work, media, and culture.

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Conflict Theory

A theory that emphasizes the role of power in shaping social structures and creating inequalities.

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Structural Functionalism

Social structures, such as family, education, and government, have interconnected functions that contribute to the well-being of society.

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Hidden Curriculum

The unspoken rules and behaviors that students learn in school, beyond the formal curriculum.

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Sociology

The systematic study of human behavior in groups, focusing on relationships between individuals and social structures.

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Peer vs. School Influence

The influence of peers increases during childhood, but school becomes more influential during later stages.

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Symbolic Interactionism

Symbols, like language or gestures, acquire meaning through social interactions and help us understand society.

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Formal vs. Hidden Curriculum

The formal curriculum focuses on academic content, while the hidden curriculum teaches social norms and behaviors needed for success.

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Social Norms

Shared expectations about how people should behave in a society.

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Formal Norms

Formal social norms like laws, written rules, and regulations.

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Informal Norms

Informal social norms based on customs, traditions, and everyday interactions.

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Folkways

Informal norms that are less serious, like table manners or fashion choices.

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Mores

Informal norms that are strongly held and reflect moral beliefs, like cheating or stealing.

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Laws

Formal norms that are codified into law and enforced by the legal system.

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Formal Deviance

Type of deviance that violates formal social norms like laws. Examples include theft, murder, and robbery.

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Informal Deviance

Type of deviance that violates informal social norms, but not laws. Examples include dying your hair a strange color or breaking social norms.

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Social Group

Two or more individuals interacting and recognizing a shared element, forming a structured unit.

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Sanctions

Reactions (positive or negative) from others in response to following or breaking social norms. This can be used to encourage or discourage behavior.

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Social Movement

A form of collective behavior where a group attempts to bring about social change, either promoting or resisting existing structures.

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Study Notes

The Family - Including Types of Families

  • Families provide friendships and satisfy psychological and social needs.
  • Types of families include:
    • Nuclear family: Two parents and unmarried children living together.
    • Extended family: Relatives, beyond parents and children, living together.
    • Blended/reconstituted family: Parents with children from previous marriages/unions.
    • Childless family: A couple without children.
    • Single-parent family: One parent with one or more children.
    • Common-law family: Unmarried couple, with or without children.

Group Behavior Experiments - Asch, Milgram, Stanford Prison, Robber's Cave

  • Asch Experiment (Asch Paradigm): Participants were misled in a visual test to see if they would conform to the incorrect answer given by a group. The result was that many people, under pressure, conformed to the incorrect group answer.
  • Milgram Experiment: Participants were instructed to administer electric shocks to others (confederates). A surprising number (over 65%) continued to administer increasingly high shock levels, even when instructed to do so by an authority figure. This experiment highlights obedience to authority.
  • Stanford Prison Experiment (Zimbardo): Participants were assigned roles of guards and prisoners in a mock prison. The guards exhibited aggressive behaviour and the prisoners were distressed. This highlighted the influence of roles and the potential for abuse of power. Key takeaway here is about the psychology of roles in stressful situations.
  • Robber's Cave Experiment (Sherif): Two groups of boys at a summer camp developed hostility towards each other. Creating shared goals, or superordinate goals, reduced these conflicts. This experiment demonstrated that conflict can arise between groups and can be diminished via shared goals.

Cliques

  • A clique is a small group of close friends.
  • Cliques are often formed around shared interests, attitudes, or behaviours (e.g., dress, music).
  • Cliques provide a way to form close friendships and develop interpersonal skills.

Collective Behaviour

  • Collective behaviour describes ways people act in crowds, social movements, or throughout a culture/society. It's unpredictable, often localized or dispersed, and can be irrational.

Crowd

  • A crowd is a temporary gathering of people.
  • Types include:
    • Casual: People in a bus or store, loose connections.
    • Conventional: People gathered for an event (e.g., wedding).
    • Expressive: People engaging in passionate displays (e.g., concert).
    • Acting: A highly emotional group acting toward a goal (e.g., political protest).

Mob, Riot, Cult

  • Mob: A violent, emotional crowd pursuing a destructive purpose.
  • Riot: A disorganized, violent crowd without a clear goal.
  • Cult: A group with shared beliefs and practices often around a charismatic leader.

Socialization

  • Socialization is the lifelong process of learning and sharing societal norms, customs and ideologies.
  • It equips individuals with the skills necessary to interact within their society.
  • Primary agents (e.g., family) are influential during childhood while secondary agents (peers, schools, media) influence later in life.

Social Movements

  • A social movement is a collective action aimed at bringing about a social change.
  • Theories like Deprivation Theory, Mass Society Theory, Social Concern Theory, and Structural Strain Theory provide various perspectives on why social movements occur.

Social Deviance

  • Deviance is a behavior that diverges from societal norms and expectations.
  • Social control efforts are used to regulate deviant behaviour.
  • Deviance can have various forms, such as criminal (formal) and informal actions.
  • Several theories, like learning, control, motivation (strain), and labelling, explain the causes of deviance.

Personality Theories

  • Piaget: Cognitive development progresses through stages (Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete Operational, Formal Operational).
  • Cooley: The looking-glass self – our sense of self is shaped by how others react to us.
  • Mead: Role-taking theory – we develop self-awareness by acting out the roles of others.
  • Erikson: Lifelong development is characterized by psychosocial stages.

Prejudice and Discrimination

  • Prejudice is an unjustified negative attitude towards a group.
  • Discrimination is the biased treatment towards a group based on prejudice.
  • Types of discrimination include racial, ethnic, gender, age, and religious discrimination.

Strain Theory

  • Strain theory argues that deviance arises when individuals lack access to legitimate means of achieving socially accepted goals.

Differential Association Theory

  • This theory suggests that deviance is learned through interactions with others who engage in deviant behavior.

Genie (Wild Child)

  • A case study of a child severely isolated from social interaction. This study showed the importance of early socialization for human development and language acquisition.

Structural Functionalism

  • Social structures function as a whole; disruption of one part impacts the stability of the whole.

Conflict Theory

  • Argues power struggles among groups shape societal structures. Often focused on class conflict; examples include disparities in wealth and social power.

Symbolic Interactionism

  • Emphasizes how shared symbols and interpretations shape interactions and society. Individual interactions create social reality.

Feminist Sociology

  • Aims to understand and address gender inequalities within social structures.

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Sociology Quiz Review PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on family structures and key psychological experiments. This quiz includes questions about the types of families and the Asch Experiment's focus on conformity. Challenge yourself to see how well you understand these fundamental concepts in psychology.

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