Psychology: Classical Conditioning

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What is the term for the process of pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditional stimulus to elicit a conditioned response?

Sensory Neurol Loss

Multimodal Perception

Conditional Learning (correct)

Opponent Process Theory

What is the response to an unconditional stimulus?

Conditional Response

Multimodal Response

Unconditional Response (correct)

Sensory Response

What is the term for the stimulus that does not naturally elicit a response?

Multimodal Stimulus

Conditional Stimulus

Neutral Stimulus (correct)

Unconditional Stimulus

What is the term for the stimulus that naturally elicits a response?

Unconditional Stimulus Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit an unconditioned response?

Classical conditioning Signup and view all the answers

What is the response to a conditioned stimulus?

Conditional Response Signup and view all the answers

According to Thorndike's law, what happens to behaviors that are followed by positive responses?

They will increase in frequency Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of modifying behavior through reinforcement or punishment?

Shaping Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the schedule of reinforcement where a reward is delivered after a set number of behaviors?

Fixed ratio Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the phenomenon where an organism learns to respond to a range of stimuli in a similar way?

Generalization Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of experimental research in terms of establishing causality?

It enables the direct manipulation of the independent variable and observation of the dependent variable. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of random assignment in experimental research?

To distribute participant characteristics such as age, gender, and IQ evenly across the groups. Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of experimental research in terms of generalizability?

The highly controlled lab settings may not reflect real-world situations. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between an independent variable and a dependent variable in experimental research?

The independent variable is manipulated, while the dependent variable is measured. Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential ethical concern in experimental research?

Some experiments may require harming participants. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the psychological processing of interpreting sensory information?

Perception Signup and view all the answers

Who is considered the father of psychophysics?

Gustav Fechner Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the smallest difference in stimulation required to distinguish whether two stimuli are different?

Just Noticeable Difference (JND) Signup and view all the answers

What type of perceptual processing involves using preexisting knowledge or past experiences?

Top-Down Processing Signup and view all the answers

In Signal Detection Theory, what is the term for the situation where the stimulus was present, but the observer did not detect it?

Miss Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a good theory?

It must be falsifiable through evidence. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key principle of a good hypothesis?

It must be specific and testable. Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential limitation of correlational studies?

Correlation does not imply causation. Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of correlational studies?

They are more ethical since they don't require manipulating variables. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key step in conducting a correlational study?

Formulate a testable hypothesis. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of Wilhelm Wundt's research in his psychology lab?

Reaction time studies to understand how people perceive and process stimuli Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary limitation of the structuralism approach in psychology?

It was too focused on internal perceptions, which are difficult to measure objectively Signup and view all the answers

Which school of thought in psychology was influenced by Darwin's work on evolution?

Functionalism Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of the functionalism approach in psychology?

The study of the purpose and function of mental processes and behaviors Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between cognitive psychology and structuralism?

Cognitive psychology focuses on internal processes, but in a scientific and measurable way, while structuralism does not Signup and view all the answers

What does the term WEIRD refer to in the context of psychological research?

Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democratic societies Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Biological/Physiological/Neuroscience psychology?

The brain, neurons, and neurochemicals Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of the Scientific Method?

To minimize biases that influence the outcomes of research Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the tendency to believe that an event was predictable or obvious after the event has occurred?

Hindsight Basis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Social psychology?

How people interact with each other Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of Clinical psychology?

To diagnose and treat mental illnesses Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Forensic psychology?

Criminal and legal matters Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of Industrial psychology?

To apply psychological principles in the workplace Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Developmental psychology?

Change over time Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of Educational psychology?

To develop educational techniques Signup and view all the answers

Psychology: Classical Conditioning

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Questions and Answers

What is the term for the process of pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditional stimulus to elicit a conditioned response?

What is the response to an unconditional stimulus?

What is the term for the stimulus that does not naturally elicit a response?

What is the term for the stimulus that naturally elicits a response?

What is the term for the process where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit an unconditioned response?

What is the response to a conditioned stimulus?

According to Thorndike's law, what happens to behaviors that are followed by positive responses?

What is the term for the process of modifying behavior through reinforcement or punishment?

What is the term for the schedule of reinforcement where a reward is delivered after a set number of behaviors?

What is the term for the phenomenon where an organism learns to respond to a range of stimuli in a similar way?

What is the primary advantage of experimental research in terms of establishing causality?

What is the purpose of random assignment in experimental research?

What is a limitation of experimental research in terms of generalizability?

What is the primary difference between an independent variable and a dependent variable in experimental research?

What is a potential ethical concern in experimental research?

What is the term for the psychological processing of interpreting sensory information?

Who is considered the father of psychophysics?

What is the term for the smallest difference in stimulation required to distinguish whether two stimuli are different?

What type of perceptual processing involves using preexisting knowledge or past experiences?

In Signal Detection Theory, what is the term for the situation where the stimulus was present, but the observer did not detect it?

What is a characteristic of a good theory?

What is a key principle of a good hypothesis?

What is a potential limitation of correlational studies?

What is a benefit of correlational studies?

What is a key step in conducting a correlational study?

What was the primary focus of Wilhelm Wundt's research in his psychology lab?

What was the primary limitation of the structuralism approach in psychology?

Which school of thought in psychology was influenced by Darwin's work on evolution?

What was the primary focus of the functionalism approach in psychology?

What is the primary difference between cognitive psychology and structuralism?

What does the term WEIRD refer to in the context of psychological research?

What is the primary focus of Biological/Physiological/Neuroscience psychology?

What is the main goal of the Scientific Method?

What is the term for the tendency to believe that an event was predictable or obvious after the event has occurred?

What is the primary focus of Social psychology?

What is the primary goal of Clinical psychology?

What is the primary focus of Forensic psychology?

What is the primary goal of Industrial psychology?

What is the primary focus of Developmental psychology?

What is the primary goal of Educational psychology?

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