Psychology: Classical Conditioning
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Questions and Answers

What is the term for the process of pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditional stimulus to elicit a conditioned response?

  • Sensory Neurol Loss
  • Multimodal Perception
  • Conditional Learning (correct)
  • Opponent Process Theory

    • What is the response to an unconditional stimulus?

  • Conditional Response
  • Multimodal Response
  • Unconditional Response (correct)
  • Sensory Response

    • What is the term for the stimulus that does not naturally elicit a response?

  • Multimodal Stimulus
  • Conditional Stimulus
  • Neutral Stimulus (correct)
  • Unconditional Stimulus

    • What is the term for the stimulus that naturally elicits a response?

    <p>Unconditional Stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit an unconditioned response?

    <p>Classical conditioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the response to a conditioned stimulus?

    <p>Conditional Response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Thorndike's law, what happens to behaviors that are followed by positive responses?

    <p>They will increase in frequency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of modifying behavior through reinforcement or punishment?

    <p>Shaping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the schedule of reinforcement where a reward is delivered after a set number of behaviors?

    <p>Fixed ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the phenomenon where an organism learns to respond to a range of stimuli in a similar way?

    <p>Generalization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of experimental research in terms of establishing causality?

    <p>It enables the direct manipulation of the independent variable and observation of the dependent variable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of random assignment in experimental research?

    <p>To distribute participant characteristics such as age, gender, and IQ evenly across the groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of experimental research in terms of generalizability?

    <p>The highly controlled lab settings may not reflect real-world situations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between an independent variable and a dependent variable in experimental research?

    <p>The independent variable is manipulated, while the dependent variable is measured.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential ethical concern in experimental research?

    <p>Some experiments may require harming participants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the psychological processing of interpreting sensory information?

    <p>Perception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is considered the father of psychophysics?

    <p>Gustav Fechner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the smallest difference in stimulation required to distinguish whether two stimuli are different?

    <p>Just Noticeable Difference (JND)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of perceptual processing involves using preexisting knowledge or past experiences?

    <p>Top-Down Processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Signal Detection Theory, what is the term for the situation where the stimulus was present, but the observer did not detect it?

    <p>Miss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a good theory?

    <p>It must be falsifiable through evidence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key principle of a good hypothesis?

    <p>It must be specific and testable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential limitation of correlational studies?

    <p>Correlation does not imply causation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of correlational studies?

    <p>They are more ethical since they don't require manipulating variables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key step in conducting a correlational study?

    <p>Formulate a testable hypothesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary focus of Wilhelm Wundt's research in his psychology lab?

    <p>Reaction time studies to understand how people perceive and process stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary limitation of the structuralism approach in psychology?

    <p>It was too focused on internal perceptions, which are difficult to measure objectively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which school of thought in psychology was influenced by Darwin's work on evolution?

    <p>Functionalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary focus of the functionalism approach in psychology?

    <p>The study of the purpose and function of mental processes and behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between cognitive psychology and structuralism?

    <p>Cognitive psychology focuses on internal processes, but in a scientific and measurable way, while structuralism does not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term WEIRD refer to in the context of psychological research?

    <p>Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democratic societies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Biological/Physiological/Neuroscience psychology?

    <p>The brain, neurons, and neurochemicals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of the Scientific Method?

    <p>To minimize biases that influence the outcomes of research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the tendency to believe that an event was predictable or obvious after the event has occurred?

    <p>Hindsight Basis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Social psychology?

    <p>How people interact with each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of Clinical psychology?

    <p>To diagnose and treat mental illnesses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Forensic psychology?

    <p>Criminal and legal matters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of Industrial psychology?

    <p>To apply psychological principles in the workplace</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Developmental psychology?

    <p>Change over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of Educational psychology?

    <p>To develop educational techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

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