Questions and Answers
Which statement about the visual cortex is correct?
Different teams of neurons respond to very specific visual features.
What does it mean if Manuel has been diagnosed with presbyopia?
Manuel cannot focus on close-up images.
What is the basic taste prominent in roast beef with a rich brown gravy?
Umami
What specialized nerve endings in her muscles provides Agnes information about her position while dancing?
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What type of sensory messages are olfactory messages considered?
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What allows Mandy Harvey to detect vibrations when she cannot hear music?
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What is caused by damage to the hair cells or the auditory nerve?
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What technique illustrates giving more detail to blossoms that appear closer in Jenna's painting?
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What can Dr. Johnson see during her neuroimaging studies when participants are shown an image for several milliseconds?
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What are the sensors that sense burning pain when George spills a dangerous chemical on his hand?
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What have cross-cultural studies shown about traditional societies' susceptibility to the Müller-Lyer illusion?
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What explains why Jasmine didn't hear her phone ring in a loud environment?
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What is the outer layer of the skin called?
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What process turns odor molecules into neural signals?
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What wavelengths can some birds see that humans cannot?
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What shape does the Ames room have that creates an illusion of size difference?
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What might an amputee's phantom limb pain reflect?
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How do place theory and frequency theory relate to sound perception?
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In what type of reinforcement is every instance of a behavior reinforced?
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What is Monique's response to the sound of the milk bottle being shaken called?
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What do the points earned by Thanos' buying behavior serve as?
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Study Notes
Visual Cortex
- Different teams of neurons in the visual cortex respond to specific visual features, facilitating complex visual processing.
Presbyopia
- Presbyopia is a condition affecting middle-aged individuals like Manuel, characterized by the inability to focus on close-up images.
Taste Perception
- "Savory" dishes, such as roast beef with brown gravy, highlight the umami taste, which is one of the five basic tastes.
Proprioceptors
- Proprioceptors are specialized nerve endings in muscles that provide information about body position and movement, crucial for activities like dancing.
Olfactory System
- Olfactory messages have a direct pathway to the limbic system, making them stronger emotional triggers compared to visual or auditory stimuli.
Vibrational Sensing
- Mandy Harvey detects music through Pacinian corpuscles, which sense vibrations, allowing her to experience music despite her hearing impairment.
Sensorineural Deafness
- Damage to hair cells or the auditory nerve results in sensorineural deafness, affecting auditory perception.
Texture Gradient
- In art, the texture gradient technique enhances the appearance of depth, with closer objects (like cherry blossoms) appearing more detailed than distant ones.
Subliminal Influences
- Neuroimaging studies reveal neural activity in participants, even when they claim not to have seen subliminal images, indicating subconscious processing.
Pain Sensing
- Nociceptors are sensory receptors responsible for detecting and transmitting pain signals, as experienced by George during a chemicals spill.
Müller-Lyer Illusion
- Cross-cultural studies indicate that individuals in traditional, preindustrial societies show less susceptibility to the Müller-Lyer illusion than those in industrialized societies.
Signal Detection Theory
- Signal detection theory explains how environmental noise, such as loud music, can impact the ability to notice stimuli, as demonstrated by Jasmine missing a call.
Epidermis
- The outermost layer of the skin is called the epidermis, serving as a protective barrier against environmental elements.
Transduction Process
- The conversion of odor molecules into neural signals occurs through a process known as transduction, essential for smell perception.
Ultraviolet Vision
- Certain birds can perceive shorter wavelengths, enabling them to see ultraviolet radiation that is invisible to humans.
Ames Room Illusion
- The Ames room illusion results from a trapezoidal room shape, causing one friend to appear gigantic and the other tiny when viewed through a peephole.
Phantom Limb Pain
- Phantom limb pain in amputees may stem from brain reorganization, reflecting changes in sensory processing post-amputation.
Sound Perception Theories
- Place theory is used to explain the perception of high-frequency sounds, while frequency theory addresses the perception of low-frequency sounds.
Continuous Reinforcement
- Continuous reinforcement involves providing a reward for every instance of a behavior, strengthening the association between action and reward.
Conditioned Response
- Baby Monique's excitement when hearing the milk bottle being shaken illustrates a conditioned response, learned through associative experiences.
Positive Reinforcer
- Points earned by Thanos for purchases act as a positive reinforcer, incentivizing his buying behavior and encouraging repeat purchases.
Career in Animal Training
- Egardo aspires to work as an animal trainer for the ATF, focusing on observable behavior and environmental influences, with plans for future graduate studies.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Test your knowledge with these flashcards covering key concepts from Chapters 3 and 5 of Psychology. Engage with topics ranging from the visual cortex to sensory processing. Perfect for review or quick comprehension checks!
