Psychology Chapter: Sensation and Perception
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Questions and Answers

What process involves detecting physical energy from the environment and converting it into neural signals?

  • Transduction (correct)
  • Psychophysics
  • Sensory coding
  • Perception

    • Which of the following terms describes the selection, organization, and interpretation of sensory information?

  • Sensation
  • Perception (correct)
  • Transduction
  • Anatomical coding

    • What term refers to the study of the relationship between the physical characteristics of stimuli and our psychological experience?

  • Psychophysics (correct)
  • Sensation
  • Transduction
  • Anatomical coding

    • Which sense organ is responsible for transducing light into radiant energy?

    <p>Eye</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of energy is associated with the sensation of sound?

    <p>Mechanical energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is anatomical coding used for in sensation?

    <p>To identify the location and type of sensory stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best defines sensation?

    <p>The detection and conversion of physical energy into neural signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of energy is used by the skin to encode sensations like touch and temperature?

    <p>Mechanical energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the retina in the eye?

    <p>To process visual information and send it to the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the eye is known as the tough white coating?

    <p>Sclera</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What connects the optic nerves to the visual cortex?

    <p>Thalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by parallel processing in visual information processing?

    <p>Simultaneous analysis of various aspects of a visual scene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs in the brain when individuals look at different objects such as shoes or faces?

    <p>Specific combinations of temporal lobe activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the smallest difference between two similar stimuli that can be distinguished?

    <p>Just Noticeable Difference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Weber's Law, two stimuli must differ by what to be perceived as different?

    <p>A constant minimum percentage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of threshold is defined as the minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time?

    <p>Absolute Threshold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which processing approach begins with sensory input and builds up to interpretation in the brain?

    <p>Bottom-Up Processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when stimuli are below one’s absolute threshold for conscious awareness?

    <p>They become subliminal stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT affect the Just Noticeable Difference?

    <p>The consciousness level of the observer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Signal Detection Theory primarily focus on?

    <p>The detection of signals amidst noise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phenomenon describes processing that is influenced by prior knowledge and expectations?

    <p>Top-Down Processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phenomenon describes the decreased sensitivity to a constant stimulus over time?

    <p>Sensory adaptation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the hue of light?

    <p>The wavelength of the light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the lens of the eye play?

    <p>It focuses light rays onto the retina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the eye regulates the amount of light entering?

    <p>Iris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is intensity related to perceived brightness?

    <p>Higher intensity leads to brighter colors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these wavelengths corresponds to red light?

    <p>700 nm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cornea?

    <p>To allow light to enter the eye</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between wavelength and color perception?

    <p>Different wavelengths generate different colors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of eye movement involves keeping a moving image on the foveas?

    <p>Pursuit Movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is associated with the physical dimension of brightness?

    <p>Amount of energy of light radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main genetic disorder related to color blindness regarding red and green colors?

    <p>Protanopia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term best describes the cooperative movements of the eyes?

    <p>Vergence Movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cone is absent in individuals with Tritanopia?

    <p>Blue cone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'saturation' refer to in the context of color vision?

    <p>The intensity of dominant wavelength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which movement is characterized by rapid scanning of a visual scene?

    <p>Saccadic Movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What visual perception theory is supported by the genetic disorder causing red-green color blindness?

    <p>Trichromatic Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Sensation

    • Sensation is the process of detecting physical energy from the environment and converting it into neural signals.
    • Perception is the process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting sensations.

    Sensory Processing

    • Transduction: Converting physical energy into neural signals.
      • Different sense organs detect different types of stimuli (e.g. light, sound, taste).
      • Each stimuli are converted into specific neural energy.
    • Sensory coding: Representing characteristics of a stimulus.
      • Anatomical coding: Identifies location and type of sensory stimulus from which nerve fibers are activated
      • Encoding stimuli in terms of which nerve fibers are firing.
    • Psychophysics: Study of the relationship between stimuli and sensations.
      • Measuring the relationship between physical and psychological events
      • Helps to define how much stimulation is needed for detection
    • Absolute threshold: Minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time.
      • Examples include a candle flame seen from 30 miles away, the tick of a watch at 20 feet, a drop of perfume in a 6 room apartment .
      • Minimum amount of a stimuli to notice or detect.
    • Just noticeable difference (JND): The smallest difference between two similar stimuli that can be distinguished.
      • Examples include difference in pressure, color, and loudness.
      • Minimum amount of stimuli needed for detection.
    • Signal detection theory (SDT): Detecting stimuli amid background noise.
      • The study of detecting signals in noise.
      • SDT takes into account the person's sensitivity and criteria when looking for stimuli.

    Bottom-up and Top-down Processing

    • Bottom-up processing: Analysis that begins with stimulus sensory receptors and works up to higher levels of processing in the brain.
      • Perception begins with the sensory input from the external environment.
    • Top-down processing: Information processing guided by higher-level mental processes as we construct perceptions, drawing on our experience and expectations.
      • Perception influenced by prior experience and knowledge.

    The Eye

    • Parts of the eye:
      • Cornea: Transparent tissue where light enters the eye.
      • Iris: Muscle that expands/contracts to change pupil size.
      • Pupil: Opening in the iris that regulates light.
      • Lens: Focuses light rays onto the retina.
      • Retina: Contains sensory receptors (cones and rods).
      • Sclera: White outer layer.
    • Nearsightedness: Eye is too long, image focused in front of fovea
    • Farsightedness: Eye is too short, image focused behind fovea.

    Photoreceptors

    • Rods: Sensitive to dim light, not color.
    • Cones: Sensitive to color, not dim light.
    • Photopigments: Chemicals within photoreceptors that respond to light.

    Visual Information Processing

    • Parallel processing: Processing several aspects of a stimulus simultaneously.
    • Shape detection: Specific areas of the temporal lobe fire when seeing specific shapes, like faces, houses, chairs.

    Colour Vision

    • Hue: Dimension determined by wavelength of light.
    • Brightness: Dimension determined by intensity.
    • Saturation: Intensity of a dominant wavelength relative to the total amount of light.
    • Colour Mixing: How colours are mixed to create new ones.
      • Additive and Subtractive colour mixing.
    • Colour blindness: Defect in colour vision, including protanopia, deuteranopia, and tritanopia issues.
      • Different types of colour blindness affect the perceivable colours.

    Eye Movements

    • Vergence movements: Cooperative movements of the eyes.
    • Saccadic movements: Rapid movements used scanning.
    • Pursuit movements: Movements made to keep a moving object on the fovea.

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    Related Documents

    Sensation: Principles and Processes PDF

    Description

    This quiz focuses on the concepts of sensation and perception, detailing how physical energy is detected and converted into neural signals. It explores key topics such as transduction, sensory processing, and psychophysics. Test your understanding of how we perceive the world around us.

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