Psychology Chapter on Psychosis

A distorted perception of reality, often including delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized thoughts.

False, fixed beliefs that aren't typical of a person's culture or religion, despite evidence to the contrary.

Incoherent or illogical speech patterns, like 'word salad,' tangentiality, or derailed thoughts.

Perceptions without real external stimuli; seeing, hearing, feeling something not there.

Hearing voices or sounds that aren't real, often linked to psychiatric illness.

Seeing things that aren't present, often connected to medical conditions, not always psychiatric.

Characterized by abnormal moods that cause significant distress or functional problems.

A mood disorder characterized by a depressed mood, loss of interest, and other symptoms.

A chronic illness that causes profound functional impairment and is characterized by positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms.

Excessive behavior or distorted functioning in schizophrenia, like hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized speech.

Diminished functioning in schizophrenia, such as flat affect, apathy, anhedonia, alogia, and social withdrawal.

Reduced ability to understand or make plans, diminished working memory, and inattention in schizophrenia.

First-line treatment for schizophrenia, often risperidone, that helps manage symptoms.

A temporary psychotic state characterized by at least one positive symptom lasting between one day and one month, often triggered by stress.

A psychotic disorder with symptoms similar to schizophrenia lasting one to six months.

A disorder encompassing symptoms of both schizophrenia and major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder.

A mental health condition where you have one or more delusions that last for at least a month, but you don't have other symptoms of psychosis like hallucinations or disorganized thinking. This means you hold onto false beliefs despite evidence to the contrary.

A personality disorder characterized by unusual thoughts and behaviors. People with this condition may have brief psychotic episodes with delusions, but they are less frequent and severe than in schizophrenia.

A period of intense and abnormal mood elevation, often accompanied by increased energy and activity. To meet the criteria for a manic episode, someone must experience at least three specific symptoms, including distractibility, racing thoughts, and impulsiveness, for at least a week (or less if hospitalization is needed).

A rare condition where two or more people share the same false belief. It's often seen in close relationships where someone with a delusional disorder influences their partner or family member.

To diagnose a psychotic disorder, a patient must have at least two weeks of psychotic symptoms (like delusions or hallucinations) without a major depressive or manic episode. This helps distinguish it from mood disorders that can sometimes include psychotic features.

Emotional or behavioral issues (like anxiety or outbursts) that appear within 3 months of a stressful event (like divorce or illness) and last less than 6 months after the stressor ends. The symptoms don't meet criteria for another mental illness.

Experiencing, witnessing, or discovering a traumatic event (like a serious injury or assault) leads to persistent symptoms like hyperarousal, avoidance, intrusive memories, and mood changes. These symptoms last longer than a month and significantly affect daily life.

Similar to PTSD but symptoms last for 3 days to 1 month after a traumatic event. Most people recover within that time period.

Adjustment Disorder involves a less severe reaction to a stressful event, lasting less than 6 months. PTSD involves a more intense response to a traumatic event, with persistent symptoms lasting longer than a month.

Acute Stress Disorder is the immediate response to trauma with symptoms lasting less than a month. PTSD develops if these symptoms persist beyond a month.

A craving and consumption of non-food substances like ice, dirt, or paper, often associated with iron deficiency, malnutrition, or emotional distress.

A significant mismatch between one's internal sense of gender and the sex assigned at birth, causing distress and impacting daily function.

An individual who experiences a difference between their gender identity and the sex assigned at birth.

Problems related to sexual interest or motivation, including low desire or aversion to sex.

Persistent difficulty achieving or maintaining an erection sufficient for sexual activity.

An eating disorder characterized by intense fear of gaining weight, distorted body image, and severe calorie restriction leading to significantly low body weight (BMI < 18.5).

An eating disorder involving recurring episodes of binge eating followed by purging behaviors (vomiting, laxatives, etc.) at least weekly.

An eating disorder marked by recurring episodes of binge eating without purging behaviors at least weekly, leading to distress and often weight gain.

A potentially life-threatening condition occurring when severely malnourished individuals suddenly increase their calorie intake, leading to electrolyte imbalances and organ dysfunction.

Calluses or abrasions on the back of the hands caused by repeated self-induced vomiting.

A tear in the lining of the esophagus caused by forceful vomiting, commonly seen in bulimia nervosa.

Imbalances in electrolytes (e.g., potassium, chloride) due to purging behaviors or other factors related to eating disorders.