Psychology Chapter on Psychosis

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Questions and Answers

What characterizes psychosis?

Distorted perception of reality (correct)

Chronic fatigue

Impaired motor coordination

Uncontrolled physical movements

Which type of hallucination is most commonly associated with psychiatric illnesses like schizophrenia?

Visual hallucinations

Olfactory hallucinations

Auditory hallucinations (correct)

Tactile hallucinations

Delusions are characterized by which of the following?

False beliefs despite contrary evidence (correct)

Emotional instability and mood swings

Involuntary movements of the body

Perceptions with real external stimuli

What type of disorganized thought is characterized by speech that is incoherent or 'word salad'?

Loose associations Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hallucination might occur as an aura in temporal lobe epilepsy?

Olfactory hallucinations Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of mood disorders?

Loss of control over internal emotional states Signup and view all the answers

Which type of delusion involves the belief that one is being persecuted?

Persecutory delusion Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'hypnopompic' refer to?

Hallucinations upon waking from sleep Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary for a diagnosis of delusional disorder?

One or more delusions lasting more than 1 month Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is NOT part of the DIG FAST criteria for diagnosing a manic episode?

Increased need for sleep Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes schizotypal personality disorder from schizophrenia?

Less frequent and severe psychotic episodes Signup and view all the answers

What defines the term 'folie à deux'?

The sharing of a delusion between two individuals Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following must be present for a manic episode diagnosis?

Marked functional impairment with three or more symptoms Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of positive symptoms in schizophrenia?

Hallucinations and delusions Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment is commonly considered the first line for schizophrenia?

Atypical antipsychotics Signup and view all the answers

What does the diagnosis of schizophrenia require regarding symptom duration?

1 month of active symptoms over the past 6 months Signup and view all the answers

In which demographic is schizophrenia more likely to present earlier?

Males in late teens to early 20s Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable risk associated with heavy cannabis use during adolescence?

Worsened course of psychotic disorders Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT categorized as negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

Delusions Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a brief psychotic disorder in terms of symptom duration?

One or more symptoms lasting between 1 day and 1 month Signup and view all the answers

Which type of disorder shares symptoms with both schizophrenia and mood disorders?

Schizoaffective disorder Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration required for symptoms to qualify as an adjustment disorder following a psychosocial stressor?

Up to 6 months after the stressor ends Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment is considered first line for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes acute stress disorder from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?

Duration of symptoms Signup and view all the answers

What are typical symptoms of adjustment disorder?

Emotional and behavioral symptoms like anxiety and outbursts Signup and view all the answers

What medication is specifically mentioned as reducing nightmares in individuals with PTSD?

Prazosin Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment is considered the first line for addressing emotional issues related to malnutrition and developmental disabilities?

Psychotherapy and nutritional rehabilitation Signup and view all the answers

What defines gender dysphoria?

Incongruence between gender identity and assigned gender for more than 6 months Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about transgender individuals is true?

Transgender individuals may pursue multiple domains of gender affirmation. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a category of sexual dysfunction?

Erectile dysfunction Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is NOT included in the differential diagnosis for sexual dysfunction?

Exposure to loud noises Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary physiological disturbance associated with anorexia nervosa?

Osteoporosis Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the binge-eating/purging type of anorexia nervosa from the restricting type?

Recurring purging behaviors Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment is considered a first-line intervention for bulimia nervosa?

Nutritional rehabilitation Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is commonly associated with binge-eating disorder?

Diabetes risk Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of pica?

Consumption of non-food substances Signup and view all the answers

Which sign is associated with self-induced vomiting in bulimia nervosa?

Dorsal hand calluses Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about the treatment of anorexia nervosa?

Olanzapine may be used in treatment. Signup and view all the answers

What physiological changes can occur due to refeeding syndrome?

Hypophosphatemia Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Psychosis

Distorted perception of reality, characterized by delusions, hallucinations, and/or disorganized thought/speech.
Can occur in patients with psychiatric illness or due to substance/medication use.
Delusions are false, fixed beliefs that persist despite evidence. Types include erotomanic, grandiose, jealous, persecutory, somatic, mixed, and unspecified.

Delusions

False, fixed, idiosyncratic beliefs.
Not typical of the patient's culture or religion.

Disorganized Thought

Speech may be incoherent ("word salad"), tangential, or derailed ("loose associations").

Hallucinations

Perceptions in the absence of external stimuli (e.g., seeing a light that isn't there).
Contrast with misperceptions (illusions) of real external stimuli.
- Auditory: More commonly due to psychiatric illness (e.g., schizophrenia) than neurologic disease.
- Visual: More commonly associated with neurologic conditions (e.g., dementia, delirium, or drug intoxication) than psychiatric illness.
- Tactile: Common in alcohol withdrawal or stimulant use (e.g., tactile hallucinations).
- Olfactory: Often an aura of temporal lobe epilepsy (e.g., burning rubber), and in brain tumors.
- Gustatory: Rare, but seen in epilepsy.
- Hypnagogic: Occur while going to sleep, sometimes in narcolepsy.
- Hypnopompic: Occur while waking from sleep, sometimes in narcolepsy.

Mood Disorder

Characterized by an abnormal range of moods and internal emotional states. Loss of control over these moods causes significant distress and impairment in social and occupational function.
Includes major depressive, bipolar, dysthymic, and cyclothymic disorders.
Psychotic features (delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech/behavior) may be present during mood episodes.
Mood episodes can be superimposed on other psychiatric conditions.

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Description

Explore the complex concepts of psychosis, including its symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations. This quiz covers the characterization of these symptoms and their relevance in psychiatric conditions. Test your understanding of disorganized thought processes and differentiating hallucinations from illusions.