Podcast
Questions and Answers
What specialty area of psychology does Ted's study about treadmill use and worker productivity fall under?
What specialty area of psychology does Ted's study about treadmill use and worker productivity fall under?
What type of leader is characterized by using rewards and penalties based on team performance, as demonstrated by Hershel?
What type of leader is characterized by using rewards and penalties based on team performance, as demonstrated by Hershel?
What was the primary aim of the practice of trephining in historical contexts?
What was the primary aim of the practice of trephining in historical contexts?
Which component is essential for the success of systematic desensitization in therapy?
Which component is essential for the success of systematic desensitization in therapy?
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What does having co-morbidity indicate about a patient?
What does having co-morbidity indicate about a patient?
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Which of the following is a belief of the psychodynamic perspectives of personality?
Which of the following is a belief of the psychodynamic perspectives of personality?
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The scenario where John states that his brother hates him while he feels jealous best illustrates which defense mechanism?
The scenario where John states that his brother hates him while he feels jealous best illustrates which defense mechanism?
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Which approach to personality emphasizes conscious awareness, beliefs, expectations, and goals?
Which approach to personality emphasizes conscious awareness, beliefs, expectations, and goals?
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What type of personality tests directly ask individuals to evaluate their own traits?
What type of personality tests directly ask individuals to evaluate their own traits?
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The scenario where a babysitter's expectation of a child leads to that child's aggressive behavior demonstrates which phenomenon?
The scenario where a babysitter's expectation of a child leads to that child's aggressive behavior demonstrates which phenomenon?
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Which statement best describes the view of attribution theory regarding human behavior?
Which statement best describes the view of attribution theory regarding human behavior?
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If you conclude that Carla is anxious while ignoring external factors, you are demonstrating which cognitive bias?
If you conclude that Carla is anxious while ignoring external factors, you are demonstrating which cognitive bias?
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Cognitive dissonance theory suggests that to resolve discomfort between attitudes and behavior, individuals will:
Cognitive dissonance theory suggests that to resolve discomfort between attitudes and behavior, individuals will:
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Which statement correctly identifies the types of love in relationships?
Which statement correctly identifies the types of love in relationships?
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Which condition best describes Sandra's symptoms after her car accident?
Which condition best describes Sandra's symptoms after her car accident?
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Which coping mechanism is generally considered ineffective for managing stress?
Which coping mechanism is generally considered ineffective for managing stress?
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Which mental health condition could be particularly affected by a shelter-in-place order?
Which mental health condition could be particularly affected by a shelter-in-place order?
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Who is likely to be vulnerable to developing post-traumatic stress disorder?
Who is likely to be vulnerable to developing post-traumatic stress disorder?
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Which behavior is a characteristic of the Type A behavior pattern?
Which behavior is a characteristic of the Type A behavior pattern?
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What theoretical approach does Jacob's diagnosis of Jenna's depression align with?
What theoretical approach does Jacob's diagnosis of Jenna's depression align with?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the big five personality factors?
Which of the following is NOT one of the big five personality factors?
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What type of therapy does Rafael's treatment exemplify?
What type of therapy does Rafael's treatment exemplify?
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What kind of cognitive distortion does Jarl's thinking reflect?
What kind of cognitive distortion does Jarl's thinking reflect?
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What type of treatment does Lexi's decision to see a therapist describe?
What type of treatment does Lexi's decision to see a therapist describe?
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Why do most psychiatric hospitals emphasize short-term care?
Why do most psychiatric hospitals emphasize short-term care?
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Which term is incorrectly paired with its description?
Which term is incorrectly paired with its description?
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According to Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, what does creative intelligence involve?
According to Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, what does creative intelligence involve?
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According to drive reduction theory, what comes first when your body needs water?
According to drive reduction theory, what comes first when your body needs water?
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Is Cameron correct in saying polygraph tests are always right?
Is Cameron correct in saying polygraph tests are always right?
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Study Notes
Psychodynamic Perspectives on Personality
- Belief: Childhood experiences shape adult personality.
Defense Mechanisms
- Projection: Attributing one's own feelings or thoughts to another person. (Example given: John, jealous of his brother, believes his brother is jealous of him.)
Humanistic Approach to Personality
- Emphasis: Conscious awareness, beliefs, expectations, and goals.
Personality Tests (Self-Report)
- Method: Directly asks the test-taker about traits.
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
- Example: Babysitter's initial expectation of Dennis's aggression leads to Dennis behaving aggressively.
Attribution Theory
- Purpose: Understanding the causes of behavior.
Fundamental Attribution Error
- Description: Overemphasizing internal factors (personality) and underestimating external factors when explaining other people's behavior. (Example: Assuming Carla's anxiety is inherent rather than considering her current stress).
Cognitive Dissonance Theory
- Resolution: Aligning attitudes and behaviors.
Types of Love
- Early relationship: Affectionate love stronger.
- Mature relationship: Affectionate love increases.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
- Symptoms: Anxiety, nightmares, flinching after trauma. (Example provided: Sandra, after a car accident)
Ineffective Coping Mechanisms
- Examples: Procrastination, aggression, self-medication (drugs/alcohol).
Conditions Triggered by Stressful Events
- Example: PTSD can be triggered by events that the person does not attempt to defend against.
Vulnerability to PTSD
- Examples of vulnerable groups: Emergency responders & parents facing constant childcare.
Type A Behavior Pattern
- Characteristics: Competitive, hard-driven, impatient, hostile.
Biological Approach to Psychological Disorders
- Explanation: Imbalance/improper functioning of neurotransmitters (Example: Jenna's depression).
Big Five Personality Factors (NOT in this list)
- Five factors: Agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, conscientiousness, extraversion.
Cognitive Therapy
- Focus: Identifying and changing distorted thought patterns.
Cognitive Distortions
- Overgeneralization: Judging based on one instance, assuming it applies to all situations. (Example: Believing failure in one exam means failure in the class).
Therapy Types
- Voluntary therapy: Patients actively choose to participate. (Example: Lexi seeking therapy for hair-pulling).
Psychiatric Hospital Care
- Short-term care: Due to high costs and efficacy of modern treatments.
Cognitive Biases
- Confirmation bias: Seeking only supporting information.
- Base rate neglect: Ignoring general principles.
- Representative heuristic: Judging based on stereotypes.
- Loss aversion: High value placed on avoiding losses.
- Availability heuristic: Predicting probability based on ease of recall.
Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
- Creative intelligence: Designing, inventing, originating, imagining.
Drive Reduction Theory
- Process: Need, drive, behavior.
Polygraph Tests
- Accuracy: Not reliable; physiological responses can be caused by factors other than lying.
Happiness Levels
- Lottery winners: Happiness levels return to normal due to the hedonic treadmill effect within a year.
Industrial-Organizational Psychology
- Study: How work environment affects productivity (Example: Effects of treadmill walking on work).
Leadership Styles
- Transactional leadership: Rewarding good performance and punishing poor performance.
Historical Psychological Approaches
Trephining: Ancient practice to alleviate perceived spiritual or mental illness.
Systematic Desensitization
- Treatment: Central principle is relaxation.
Comorbidity in Mental Health
- Meaning: Having more than one mental health diagnosis.
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Description
Explore various psychodynamic and humanistic perspectives on personality development. This quiz covers topics such as defense mechanisms, self-fulfilling prophecies, and attribution theory, providing a comprehensive overview of how experiences shape personalities. Test your understanding of key concepts and their applications.
