Psychology Chapter on Disorders and Brain Function

First Question: Fill in the Blank

• Frontal lobe structure is smaller and less active in individuals with compulsive disorder.
• Compulsive disorder can result from decreased frontal lobe activity.
• Children under stress may put their fingers in their mouths.
• Depressed individuals may exhibit motivational symptoms.
• Hallucinations represent a symptom of schizophrenia.

Second Question: True/False

• Damage to Broca's area impairs comprehension of words (False).
• Low serotonin levels are associated with depression (True).
• The sympathetic nervous system prepares the body to respond to stress (True).
• The left side of the primary visual area receives information from the left visual field (True).
• Broca's area is related to spoken language (True).
• Statistical norms change over time (True).
• Childhood amnesia is linked to an immature hippocampus (True).
• The corpus callosum facilitates communication between hemispheres (True).
• The cerebrum is highly developed in humans (True).
• Cognitive perspective views mental disorders as brain disorders (True).

Psychoanalytic Therapy

• In vivo exposure is a psychoanalytic therapy technique (True).
• Systematic desensitization is a psychoanalytic therapy technique (True).
• Selective reinforcement is not a psychoanalytic therapy technique (False).
• Free association is a psychoanalytic therapy technique (True).

Psychosis Disorders

• Schizophrenia is a prominent example of psychosis (True).
• Anxiety is a mental health disorder, but not a psychosis (False).
• Phobia is not psychosis (False).
• The ego functions based on reality (True).
• Repression is a defense mechanism (True).
• The ego operates on a reality principle (True).

Personality Disorders

• Introverted-neurotic is a personality type in Hans Eysenck's model (True).
• Extraverted personalities can be touchy, restless, and aggressive (False).
• Extraverted-neuroticism describes touchy, restless, aggressive type (False).
• Introverted-stable is a possible personality type (True).
• Fixation is a personality development stage-related term (True).
• Regression occurs when a person reverts to earlier characteristics (True).
• Rationalization is a defense mechanism used to make behaviors seem acceptable. (True).
• Gordon Allport is a personality scientist (True).
• Hans Eysenck contributed to personality research (True).
• Sigmund Freud was important in the field of personality investigation (True).

Symptoms and Treatments

• Recognizing symptoms is the first step in in-vivo exposure and systemic desensitization.
• Client relaxation learning is important in therapy.
• Providing information about procedures is part of therapy.
• Avoiding frightening stimuli can reduce anxiety (True), and is called negative reinforcement or negative punishment.
• Manic episodes involve energetic behavior, self-confidence, and reduced need for sleep (True).
• Bipolar disorder is a possible condition.
• Phobias are anxiety disorders (True).
• Identical twins share 50% chance to develop a disorder compared to fraternal which is 20% (True).
• Antisocial Personality disorder is possible result.
• Schizophrenia exhibits high heritability in identical twins than fraternal (True).
• Neuroticism represents sensitivity, warmth, and tolerance (True).
• Persistent intrusions could refer to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) (True).
• Intrusive thoughts or obsessions can cause anxiety (True).
• Classification issues can exist regarding mental disorders (True).
• A person out of touch with reality likely suffers from psychosis (True).
• Neuroses are mental disorders that do not involve a loss of touch with reality (True).