Psychology Chapter: Mental Health Disorders

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Questions and Answers

What is a significant characteristic of opioid use disorders?

Can lead to respiratory suppression (correct)

Tends to be acute and easily resolved

Shows no significant withdrawal symptoms

Typically begins with recreational use among youth

Which approach is NOT utilized by occupational therapy when addressing substance use disorders?

Evaluating daily occupations in major areas affected by substance use

Helping clients develop a relapse-prevention plan

Setting both short and long term participation goals

Encouraging unhealthy activities as a coping mechanism (correct)

What is a common risk factor that can increase the likelihood of developing an opioid use disorder?

Presence of anxiety or depression (correct)

Positive self-esteem

Low incidence of chronic pain

High physical activity levels

What does Borderline Personality Disorder primarily involve?

Pervasive pattern of instability in relationships, self-image, and affect Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended strategy to enhance sleep hygiene?

Engage in daily exercise Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is NOT necessary for diagnosing schizophrenia?

Mood instability Signup and view all the answers

What factor can contribute to sleep difficulties specifically in older adults?

Age-related changes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes schizoaffective disorder?

Presence of schizophrenia symptoms with mood episodes Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consideration for parents of children with narcolepsy?

Family education for sleepwalking safety Signup and view all the answers

Why should caution be exercised when recommending medication to older adults?

Increased sensitivity to medication Signup and view all the answers

What is an effective method to improve circadian rhythm?

Consistent wake-up and sleep times Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about bipolar I disorder is accurate?

It can occur without any depressive episodes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a primary goal in managing vascular non-communicable diseases?

Prevention of cognitive decline Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended strategy for reducing excess disability in clients with vascular issues?

Using compensatory strategies and supporting caregivers Signup and view all the answers

Which intervention is emphasized for enhancing quality of life in patients with vascular damage?

Leisure activities to reduce depression Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the interpersonal relationships in borderline personality disorder?

Alternating idealization and devaluation Signup and view all the answers

What does cognitive stimulation therapy primarily encourage?

Participation in cognitively challenging activities Signup and view all the answers

How is insomnia disorder characterized?

Chronic dissatisfaction with sleep quantity or quality Signup and view all the answers

What are the most effective treatment modalities for borderline personality disorder?

Behavioral and psychoeducational treatments Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum frequency of insomnia symptoms required for a diagnosis?

Three times a week for at least three months Signup and view all the answers

Which cognitive domain is significantly affected in major neurocognitive disorders?

Complex attention Signup and view all the answers

Which approach is essential in person-centered dementia care?

Tailoring activities to the client's abilities and interests Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes mild neurocognitive disorders from major neurocognitive disorders?

Modest cognitive decline affecting basic activities Signup and view all the answers

What is a common implication of childhood trauma in relation to personality disorders?

It is implicated in many personality disorders Signup and view all the answers

Which strategy can help maintain functional abilities in clients with cognitive decline?

Using external memory aids Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of Alzheimer's disease?

Progressive deterioration and brain atrophy Signup and view all the answers

What type of neurocognitive disorder is characterized by the presence of cerebrovascular accidents?

Vascular disease Signup and view all the answers

In the treatment of borderline personality disorder, which approach is advised for managing anger and anxiety?

Physical activities as an emotional outlet Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes Type 1 narcolepsy?

Cataplexy triggered by strong emotions Signup and view all the answers

Which of these conditions is NOT a comorbidity associated with narcolepsy?

Sleep apnea Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant diagnostic criterion for obstructive sleep apnea?

Nighttime breathing disturbances such as snoring Signup and view all the answers

How can circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders affect a person?

Cause both excessive sleepiness and insomnia Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is linked to the etiology of obstructive sleep apnea?

Facial structure and upper airway soft tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is a major reason people stop using CPAP for obstructive sleep apnea?

Habituation and cumbersome nature of the device Signup and view all the answers

A key symptom of Type 2 narcolepsy is:

Sleep paralysis lasting 1 to 2 minutes Signup and view all the answers

What can mutations in core clock genes lead to?

Disruption of the circadian system Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary objective when providing support for individuals learning to live in their preferred gender?

Advocacy for clients Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a common characteristic of gender dysphoria?

It emerges predominantly in early adolescence Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary focus of occupational therapy for individuals with oppositional defiant disorder?

Designing highly structured environments Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the 4 R's in a trauma-informed approach?

Rationalizing Signup and view all the answers

What typical behavior characterizes intermittent explosive disorder?

Behavioral outbursts due to failed impulse control Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of emotional regulation is commonly affected in individuals with oppositional defiant disorder?

Ability to express feelings appropriately Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about family involvement in supporting preferred gender identity is accurate?

It is crucial to work with family to address their issues and ensure support. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common misconception about cultures and gender roles?

Some cultures strongly stigmatize individuals with nonconforming gender identities. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Characterized by physical symptoms without a clear biological cause.
Patients experience physical symptoms that cannot be explained.
The absence of a clear biological cause doesn't invalidate the suffering.

Somatic Symptom Disorder

Patients seek medical attention due to physical symptoms with no biological explanation.
Comorbidity, or simultaneous diagnosis, is common with anxiety and depression.

Conversion Disorder

Neurological symptoms, like paralysis or blindness, arise without any verifiable neurological impairment.
Often involves movement and/or senses.
Symptoms do not align with typical neurological presentations.

Treatment

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and transcranial magnetic stimulation are often employed.
Medications may be helpful.
Lifespan considerations are critical for children, often related to anxiety.
Comorbidity is common with depression later in life.

Feeding and Eating Disorders

Pica is a feeding disorder characterized by eating non-food items like dirt, coins, or fabrics.
Pediatric Pica is associated with developmental disabilities, autism, or other disorders.
Adults experience Pica with pregnancy or iron deficiency.

Anorexia Nervosa

Characterized by severely restricted caloric intake.
Intense fear of gaining weight or being overweight.
Body image disturbance and preoccupation with weight.
Significantly low body weight; a core feature.

Bulimia Nervosa

First binge eating and then subsequent inappropriate compensation mechanisms to prevent weight gain.
Compensatory behaviors involve vomiting or using laxatives; at least once a week for 3 months.

Binge Eating Disorder

Recurring episodes of eating significantly more rapidly than normal until uncomfortably full, in the absence of hunger- and accompanied by feelings of guilt and distress.
Episodes occur at least once a week for 3 months.

Elimination Disorders

Enuresis: involuntary or intentional voiding of urine in inappropriate places.
Encopresis: repeated defecation in inappropriate places.

Sexual Dysfunction and Paraphilic Disorders

Delayed ejaculation is a significant delay in or absence of ejaculation despite adequate stimulation.
Genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder is characterized by pain/discomfort during intercourse.

Cultural Considerations

Significant cultural variations influence how eating disorders are presented and perceived.
Cultural norms about body image and food consumption greatly influence eating patterns.

Trauma-Informed Approach

Realization, recognition, responding, and resisting are essential approaches for trauma-informed care.

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Often involves a pattern of angry or irritable mood accompanied by argumentative behavior.
Such behavior will last for at least six months.

Intermittent Explosive Disorder

Uncontrollable outburst of aggression that is verbally or physically harmful.
Outbursts will be triggered by frustration.

Conduct Disorders

Pattern of violating the rights of others and societal norms.
Aggression towards people or property, and deceitfulness.

Substance use involves the intake of psychoactive substances.
Intoxication: immediate effects of a substance
Tolerance: increased doses to obtain the same effect
Withdrawal: physical and psychological symptoms from reducing use of a substance.

Alcohol Use Disorder

Problematic pattern of alcohol use with distressed or impairment within a twelve-month period.
Time spent obtaining the substance, with an increase over time.
Intoxication symptoms from alcohol usage
Withdrawal symptoms from alcohol use.

Opioid Use Disorder

Sustained use of illicit or prescribed opioids.
Tolerance to opioids
Withdrawal from opioid usage.

Neurocognitive Disorders

Significant cognitive decline from previous levels of performance in one or more cognitive domains.
Major neurocognitive disorders: cognitive decline is evident from prior performance levels, interfering with daily independence.
Mild neurocognitive disorders: cognitive decline exists from prior performance levels.

Alzheimer's Disease

One of the most common neurodegenerative disorders.
Progressive brain deterioration results in protein deposits and brain atrophy.

Vascular Disease

Cognitive impairment due to cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs).
Characterized by deficits in executive functions, specifically cognitive flexibility and inhibitory control.

Parkinson's Disease

Movement dysfunction is common with Parkinson's.
Resulting in muscle tone, posture issues, and motor skill impairment.

Huntington's Disease

Hereditary progressive neurodegenerative disorder.
Characterized by involuntary movements (chorea) and cognitive decline.

Sleep-Wake Disorders

Insomnia Disorder: difficulty falling asleep, maintaining sleep, or early morning awakening.
Narcolepsy: uncontrolled urges to sleep

Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD)

Repeated episodes of motor behaviors while sleeping.
Often associated with neurodegenerative disorders.

Restless Legs Syndrome

Frequent urge to move legs, worsening in the evening or at night.
Unsatisfactory sensation in the legs.

Personality Disorders

Clusters of disorders characterized by unusual behaviors.
Cluster A: odd or eccentric behaviors
Cluster B: dramatic or erratic behaviors
Cluster C: anxious or fearful behaviors

Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)

Pervasive instability in relationships, self-image, emotional reactivity, and impulsive behaviors.
Alternating idealization and devaluation of others.
Frequent self-harm or suicidal tendencies.

Family education concerning safety

Education for families involving safety of acts like driving or sleep problems.

Topics before Midterm Exam

Schizophrenia diagnosis needs two or more of the symptoms: delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech.
Schizoaffective disorder is characterized by the presence of schizophrenia and a mood disorder.
Mood episodes must be present for two weeks or more without a mood episode present.
Bipolar disorder is characterized by either a manic or hypomanic episode.
Manic episodes are characterized by elevated mood states, significant energy levels, and impulsiveness.

Additional Considerations

All lifespan considerations.

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Description

This quiz explores various aspects of mental health disorders, focusing on opioid use disorders, personality disorders, and sleep hygiene strategies. Test your knowledge about diagnosing and managing these complex conditions in a psychological context. Engage with questions that cover symptoms, risk factors, and treatment approaches relevant to mental health.