Psychology Chapter: Mental Health Disorders

A group of personality disorders characterized by odd or peculiar behavior.

A group of personality disorders characterized by flamboyant or dramatic behavior.

A group of personality disorders characterized primarily by anxiety or fear.

A pervasive pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affect.

Opioid use often begins with prescribed use for pain.

Clients transitioning to their preferred gender may require support in various areas such as occupation, daily living activities (ADL), and managing mental health concerns.

Advocating for clients, teaching safety skills, medication management, emotional regulation, and managing side effects are crucial aspects of supporting transgender individuals.

Some cultures have strong beliefs and negative attitudes towards transgender individuals, impacting their acceptance and well-being.

Gender dysphoria often emerges during early adolescence, while older adults may face unique challenges due to societal norms and stigma.

A trauma-informed approach ensures that organizations are equipped to understand and respond to the trauma experienced by individuals due to past experiences of abuse or neglect.

Oppositional defiant disorder involves a pattern of angry, defiant, and vindictive behavior lasting at least six months and affecting various aspects of life.

Individuals with ODD often exhibit poor emotion regulation, executive function deficits, and difficulty in social interactions. They may engage in bullying behavior.

Treatment for ODD typically involves psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), parent training, and school-based interventions.

A significant decline in cognitive abilities from a previous level of functioning in one or more areas, including attention, executive functions, learning, memory, language, perception, and social cognition. This decline significantly affects independence in daily activities.

A modest decline in cognitive abilities from a previous level of performance in one or more areas, such as attention, executive functions, learning, memory, language, perception, and social cognition. While basic daily activities remain independent, instrumental activities may be impaired.

The most common type of neurocognitive disorder, characterized by a progressive decline in cognitive abilities due to the accumulation of abnormal protein deposits in the brain and brain atrophy. It has no definitive laboratory test.

The second most common type of neurocognitive disorder, caused by one or more strokes (cerebrovascular accidents) that damage brain tissue. It often affects executive functions, particularly cognitive flexibility and inhibitory control.

A therapeutic approach that aims to improve self-awareness, promote self-expression, and help individuals make realistic assessments of their behavior and strengths and weaknesses.

The application of occupational therapy principles to address the specific challenges of borderline personality disorder. It focuses on enhancing self-awareness, improving sleep hygiene, establishing routines, teaching coping skills for anger and anxiety, and promoting physical activities as emotional outlets.

Early life traumatic experiences are often linked to the development of various personality disorders, suggesting a connection between early adversity and the emergence of these mental health conditions.

A group of conditions that contribute to vascular damage, including high blood pressure and diabetes. Early intervention focuses on minimizing the impact of these conditions on the individual's overall well-being.

A type of sleep disorder where individuals struggle to get enough sleep despite having adequate opportunities to do so. The individual experiences dissatisfaction with their sleep quality or quantity.

Focuses on preserving and enhancing the individual's functionality and quality of life, offering support to both the individual and their caregivers.

Using activities that are tailored to a person's abilities and interests. This approach involves finding activities that are challenging but not overwhelming, providing a sense of accomplishment, and fostering positive emotions.

A type of cognitive stimulation therapy that encourages individuals to participate in mentally challenging activities. These activities can include puzzles, games, reading, and other engaging tasks.

Strategies that help individuals compensate for any cognitive decline or limitations. These strategies may include using assistive devices,external memory aids or techniques.

A type of memory that stores procedures or habitual activities. This type of memory is often less affected by cognitive decline.

A key aspect in treating sleep-wake disorders and breathing-related sleep disorders. These disturbances can significantly impact an individual's overall well-being and quality of life.

A neurological disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden attacks of deep sleep, occurring at least 3 times per week for 3 months.

A type of narcolepsy characterized by brief episodes of sudden muscle weakness or loss of muscle tone triggered by strong emotions, like laughter, fear, or excitement, while remaining conscious.

A type of narcolepsy without cataplexy. Symptoms can include sleep paralysis, lasting for 1 to 2 minutes.

A sleep disorder characterized by repeated episodes of upper airway obstruction during sleep, causing pauses in breathing and lower oxygen levels.

Disorders that involve disruptions in the body's natural sleep-wake cycle, leading to excessive sleepiness, insomnia, or both.

A condition that can contribute to obstructive sleep apnea, including facial structure, amount of soft tissue in the upper airway, and obesity.

Possible causes of circadian rhythm disorders include genetic mutations in clock genes, disruption of hormone production (cortisol and melatonin), and issues with the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the brain's internal clock.

The treatment of choice for obstructive sleep apnea involves a machine that delivers continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) to keep the airway open during sleep.

A mental health disorder characterized by presence of two or more major signs of psychosis lasting more than one month.

This disorder can be characterized by distinct episodes of mania or depression. It is characterized by periods of elevated mood, racing thoughts, and increased energy levels.

This is a sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, often with sudden, uncontrollable episodes of sleep, especially after meals or during periods of inactivity.

A symptom of sleep disorders where the individual doesn't feel rested despite getting an adequate amount of sleep

A behavioral strategy aimed at improving sleep quality by establishing regular sleep-wake cycles and habits.

The natural, internal process that regulates the sleep-wake cycle based on light exposure and other environmental cues.

The ability to sleep well and maintain a healthy sleep-wake cycle despite disruptive or challenging circumstances.

A sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or getting restful sleep.