Test #2 MCQ HARD

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What is the primary distinction between affect and emotion?

Affect is an automatic response, while emotion follows cognitive appraisal. (correct)
Both require cognitive appraisal.
Affect is a longer-lasting state than emotion.
Emotion is primitive and reflexive, unlike affect.

Which of the following is characteristic of mood?

Specific to a single event.
Occurs immediately after a stimulus.
Lasts for minutes to hours. (correct)
Is always intensely experienced.

Which measure primarily assesses mood states through self-report?

State-Trait Anxiety Inventory
Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)
Beck Depression Inventory
Profile of Mood States (POMS) (correct)

What is a key limitation of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)?

It misses some high-activation emotions. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a common criticism of generalized measures of affect?

They lack sensitivity to exercise stimuli. (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does affect differ from mood in terms of responsiveness to stimuli?

Affect is a reflexive response while mood can have cognitive causes. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What would be an example of an emotional response according to the definitions provided?

Experiencing anger after being insulted. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the nature of affect?

It is a valenced feeling that is immediate and reflexive. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the ventilatory threshold (VT) an indicator of during exercise?

The onset of anaerobic metabolism (D) Signup and view all the answers

According to the affect-behavior relationship, what factor significantly predicts future exercise behavior?

Affective responses during continuous exercise (D) Signup and view all the answers

How do highly active individuals generally respond to high-intensity exercise?

They anticipate pleasure from high intensity exercises (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does the hedonic theory suggest about exercise behavior?

People gravitate towards behaviors that bring them pleasure (C) Signup and view all the answers

What impact does negative affect during interval exercise have on future behavior?

It may deter individuals from exercising in the future (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding the timing of affective measures during exercise?

Both in-task and post-exercise measures matter (C) Signup and view all the answers

What do inactive individuals generally predict about high-intensity exercise?

They anticipate displeasure from it (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which concept closely aligns with the lactate threshold in exercise physiology?

Ventilatory threshold (C) Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the affective response during high-intensity interval training (HIIT)?

It decreases during high-intensity bouts. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does the affective response after continuous exercise compare to that after interval exercise?

Affective responses return to pre-exercise levels after both types. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What impact do rest periods have on affect during interval exercise?

They create a 'rebound' effect, increasing positive feelings. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does the ventilatory threshold indicate regarding exercise affect?

It is an important indicator of affective responses to exercise. (D) Signup and view all the answers

In comparison to moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), how do feelings during HIIT and SIT differ?

Feelings during HIIT and SIT tend to drop significantly. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What trend is observed in affective responses during continuous exercise over time?

A linear decrease (more negative) in affect. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the affective response to Sprint Interval Training (SIT)?

Affects drop during high-intensity bouts with recovery in rest periods. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How do enjoyment levels compare post-exercise for interval exercise versus continuous exercise?

Enjoyment levels tend to be equal or more positive for interval exercise. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the amygdala in the context of stress response?

Initiate the stress response (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes 'Allostasis'?

Achieving stability through change and adaptation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe the negative consequences on the body due to chronic stress and adaptation?

Allostatic Load (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does chronic stress affect the SAM and HPA axes?

They may not adequately respond or turn off post-stressor (C) Signup and view all the answers

How do chronic elevations in stress hormones affect the immune system?

They lead to decreased immune function and increased vulnerability to illness (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary cognitive requirement for movement?

Constant environmental interaction (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between exercise intensity and cognitive function?

There is an inverted-U relationship between intensity and cognition (C) Signup and view all the answers

What effect does acute exercise have on brain function?

It raises arousal levels and improves cognitive function (A) Signup and view all the answers

What factors contribute to improved cognitive outcomes from exercise?

Exercise duration and intensity (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential negative outcome of high-intensity exercise related to cognitive function?

Over-arousal leading to reduced performance (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does BDNF stand for and its role after exercise?

Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor, promoting neural recovery (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which aspects of movement were crucial for early humans in relation to cognitive function?

The ability to remember successful strategies and social coordination (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a chronic effect of regular exercise training on cognition?

Reduced risk of neurological disease (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main finding regarding the effectiveness of exercise compared to medication for treating MDD?

Exercise and medication are equally effective in lowering depression. (C) Signup and view all the answers

According to the findings on exercise 'dosages', which factor has the least impact on treatment effectiveness?

The mode of exercise used. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What intensity level is recommended for aerobic exercise for effectively treating depression?

50-85% of maximal heart rate. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which combination of exercise frequency and intervention length is suggested to achieve long-lasting antidepressant effects?

3 to 5 times per week for at least 10 weeks. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What duration of exercise per session is associated with the largest decrease in depressive symptoms?

45-60 minutes. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why might the combination exercise and medication group experience similar relapse rates as the medication-only group?

Exercise may not address all underlying issues. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What conclusion can be drawn regarding the levels of physical activity and depression symptoms?

Increased physical activity has protective benefits against depression. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended higher intensity for resistance training to treat MDD effectively?

80% of 1RM. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does intensity-preference refer to in exercise psychology?

A predisposition to select a specific level of exercise effort (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable consequence of maladaptive overtraining?

Clinical depression (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'Iceberg profile' refer to in the context of overtraining?

A psychological characteristic of elite athletes (B) Signup and view all the answers

In regards to exercise and emotional well-being, which issue is addressed?

Negative psychological effects that can result from exercise (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key consideration for enhancing adherence to exercise programs?

Considering individual preferences for exercise (C) Signup and view all the answers

What effect does greater habitual physical activity have on amygdala reactivity when presented with fearful stimuli?

It decreases reactivity compared to low habitual activity. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What implication do individually determined metabolic landmarks have on exercise?

They can influence the relationship between exercise intensity and affective responses. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely impact of acute running exercise on amygdala activity?

It increases overall reactivity, similar to state anxiety. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What improvement is associated with acute exercise in children, particularly those with ADHD?

Enhanced selective attention immediately post-exercise (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is explicitly associated with changes in the psychological profile of an athlete?

Chronic overtraining and its effects (D) Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary outcome of applying high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) before a physiology lecture?

No significant difference in lecture retention compared to control (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the findings related to lower amygdala reactivity to happy images?

It is indicative of a higher risk for anxiety disorders. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant aspect of the relationship between exercise intensity and affective responses?

Intensity affects emotional experiences, which can mediate future exercise behavior. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between state anxiety and amygdala reactivity according to fMRI measurements?

Greater state anxiety correlates with higher reactivity to fearful stimuli. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of brain function is likely enhanced through neurogenesis in the hippocampus as a result of physical fitness?

Buffers negative effects of over-arousal (B) Signup and view all the answers

What unique effect does acute walking have on amygdala reactivity in contrast to running?

It increases amygdala reactivity specifically to happy images. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What potential benefit of acute exercise is suggested to affect academic performance significantly?

Improvements in selective attention for specific academic tasks (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of the modified TABATA protocol described?

20 seconds ON and 10 seconds OFF repeated for a total of 8 intervals (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between disruption to homeostasis and allostatic load?

Bigger disruptions result in larger allostatic loads. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which axis is primarily associated with the 'fight or flight' response?

SAM Axis (D) Signup and view all the answers

In the Cognitive-Transactional Model of Stress, which appraisal evaluates whether resources are available to handle a threat?

Secondary Appraisal (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is one possible effect of cortisol as part of the stress response?

Increased glucose utilization by the brain (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is least likely associated with the perception of threat in a stressor?

Static environment (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a major role that the amygdala plays in the context of stress response?

Facilitating the fight or flight response (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is primarily associated with the SAM Axis during stress responses?

Norepinephrine (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which physiological response is least impacted by the HPA Axis in stress situations?

Decreased heart rate (C) Signup and view all the answers

What could be considered a 'cost' of a physiological response to stress?

Allostatic load (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which psychological factor significantly contributes to stress appraisal?

Past experiences (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the optimal mode of exercise for treating Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)?

A mix of aerobic and resistance training (C) Signup and view all the answers

What frequency of exercise is recommended for achieving long-lasting anti-depressant effects?

3-5 times per week (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which intensity level is considered optimal for aerobic exercise when treating depression?

70-85% of maximal heart rate (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why are the relapse rates for the combination treatment group similar to the medication group after treatment?

Exercise alone is inadequate for long-term effects (B) Signup and view all the answers

How long should the intervention last for it to be effective in treating MDD?

10 weeks minimum (A) Signup and view all the answers

What session duration is associated with the largest decrease in depressive symptoms?

45-60 minutes (D) Signup and view all the answers

What impact does increased physical activity have on depressive symptoms?

Has protective benefits against symptoms (A) Signup and view all the answers

What resistance training intensity is more effective for treating MDD?

80% of one-repetition maximum (1RM) (A) Signup and view all the answers

How do conscientious individuals enhance their intrinsic motivation for exercise?

By better planning and following through on goals (C) Signup and view all the answers

What role does relatedness play for extroverts in the context of physical activity?

They seek social interactions and group exercise. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between intensity preference and intensity tolerance in exercise?

Intensity preference relates to enjoyment, while intensity tolerance pertains to discomfort during exercise. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which personality trait is associated with effective planning and adherence to exercise goals?

Conscientiousness (C) Signup and view all the answers

What factor increases the likelihood of individuals adhering to exercise programs according to ACSM guidelines?

This consideration of individual preferences in exercise prescriptions (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant relationship observed between personality traits and physical activity?

There are small but significant associations between certain personality traits and physical activity. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How might emotional individuals particularly benefit from exercise?

Exercise may provide significant emotional regulation advantages. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'one size does not fit all' imply in the context of exercise?

Personalized approaches to exercise enhance effectiveness and adherence. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Affect

A basic 'feeling' state, either pleasant or unpleasant, that occurs very quickly and automatically.

Emotion

A relatively short-lived, intense response to a specific event; it involves thinking about the situation.

Mood

A more prolonged emotional state (e.g., hours or days), often less intense and with a less clear cause than emotion.