Questions and Answers
What are the Big Five personality traits?
The big five factor model is a _________ analytic trait approach.
factor
What is the fundamental lexical hypothesis?
The hypothesis that important individual differences in human interaction are encoded as single terms in language.
What does NEO-PI-R stand for?
Signup and view all the answers
Each of the five factors in the NEO-PI is broken into six subdivisions each, called ____________.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the Five-Factor Theory?
Signup and view all the answers
What do McCrae and Costa believe makes the Five-Factor Theory biological?
Signup and view all the answers
Cultural invariance claims that external influences have no impact on personality traits.
Signup and view all the answers
How does the Five-Factor Theory view traits?
Signup and view all the answers
The Big Five traits remain stable across time and situations.
Signup and view all the answers
What specific points can be made regarding the stability and change of the Big Five personality traits?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the 6 Factor Model?
Signup and view all the answers
What are some strengths of the Big Five Model?
Signup and view all the answers
Who was Mischel, and what is he known for?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the person-situation controversy examine?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the two aspects of personality traits in the person-situation controversy?
Signup and view all the answers
What is longitudinal stability?
Signup and view all the answers
What is cross situational consistency?
Signup and view all the answers
What did Mischel and Peake (1983) find in their study?
Signup and view all the answers
What are some strengths of trait theories?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the weaknesses of trait theories?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Big Five Personality Traits
- The Big Five traits are neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness, often remembered using the acronym OCEAN.
- The traits provide a framework for understanding human personality and behavior.
Theoretical Framework
- The Big Five factor model is a factor analytic trait approach, indicating traits are derived from underlying factors.
- Fundamental lexical hypothesis suggests important individual differences have been encoded into language over time.
Assessment Tools
- NEO-PI-R (Neuroticism-Extraversion-Openness Personality Inventory Revised) is a 240-item self-report tool created by Costa and McCrae, measuring the Big Five.
- Each of the five traits is divided into six specific components known as facets.
Five-Factor Theory
- Proposed by McCrae and Costa, the Five-Factor Theory posits the Big Five traits are universal tendencies present in all individuals.
- It strongly supports the biological basis of traits, suggesting multiple genes contribute to these traits, emphasizing the "nature" side in the nature vs nurture debate.
- Cultural invariance claims outside influences do not affect personality traits.
Stability of Traits
- Big Five traits are generally stable over time and across different situations, including cultural contexts.
- Stability points include that personality remains more stable in adulthood compared to childhood and is subject to genetic and environmental influences.
6 Factor Model
- A development in trait psychology adding honesty to the traditional Big Five traits.
Strengths of the Big Five Model
- The model is comprehensive, widely applicable, and an effective predictive tool, particularly useful in understanding psychopathology.
Person-Situation Controversy
- Mischel argued that behavior varies by situation, initiating the person-situation controversy around the consistency of personality traits.
- This controversy distinguishes between longitudinal stability (consistency over time) and cross-situational consistency (consistency across different situations).
Empirical Studies
- Mischel and Peake's research showed strong longitudinal stability for conscientious behaviors but low cross-situational consistency.
- Similar findings were echoed in Hartshorne and May's earlier study.
Strengths and Weaknesses of Trait Theories
- Strengths include empirical support from scientific observation, high testability, and significant contributions to personality assessment.
- Weaknesses highlight a lack of comprehensiveness regarding dynamic personality processes and an excessive focus on group differences rather than the individual.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Explore key concepts related to trait theory with these flashcards focused on the Big Five personality traits. Learn about the fundamental lexical hypothesis and the factor analytic trait approach. Perfect for psychology students looking to enhance their understanding of personality models.