Psychology Chapter 7 Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What role does the amygdala play in memory recall?

It primarily handles spatial memory.

It stores long-term memories.

It aids in recalling emotional memories. (correct)

It is responsible for procedural memory.

What is a common outcome of Alzheimer's disease?

It is the most frequent cause of dementia. (correct)

Loss of emotional memory.

Improvement in cognitive functions.

Development of new memories.

Which phenomenon refers to the inability to remember events that occurred during early childhood?

Flashbulb memories.

Source monitoring errors.

Cryptomnesia.

Infantile amnesia. (correct)

How do cognitive theories of emotion differ from discrete emotion theory?

Cognitive theories emphasize the role of thought processes. Signup and view all the answers

Which method is used as a technique for detecting lies?

Guilty knowledge test. Signup and view all the answers

What are flashbulb memories characterized by?

High emotional significance and detail. Signup and view all the answers

What is the misinformation effect?

The alteration of memories due to misleading information. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key focus of positive psychology?

Enhancing well-being and personal strengths. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of memory?

Retention of information over time Signup and view all the answers

Which type of memory is associated with brief retention of sensory information?

Sensory memory Signup and view all the answers

How long does iconic memory typically last?

Less than 1 second Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of proactive interference?

Old information obstructs retention of new information Signup and view all the answers

What does Miller's magic number indicate?

The average number of items one can retain in short-term memory Signup and view all the answers

What is a control process in the context of short-term memory?

A strategy that helps maintain information Signup and view all the answers

What is Hyperthymestic Syndrome?

An extraordinary ability to remember certain events Signup and view all the answers

What does chunking do to short-term memory capacity?

Increases the number of items remembered Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main types of rehearsal that can increase short-term memory duration?

Maintenance rehearsal and elaborative rehearsal Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes long-term memory?

It can store information indefinitely and has a potentially unlimited capacity Signup and view all the answers

What does the serial position effect illustrate about memory recall?

We remember the first and last items better than those in the middle Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of episodic memory?

Remembering your last birthday party Signup and view all the answers

What does encoding refer to in the memory process?

The initial processing of information for storage Signup and view all the answers

What is long-term potentiation (LTP)?

The increase in synaptic strength following repeated stimulation Signup and view all the answers

Which type of amnesia prevents forming new long-term memories while still allowing the recall of existing ones?

Anterograde amnesia Signup and view all the answers

What is the tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) phenomenon?

The feeling of knowing something but being unable to retrieve it at that moment Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common misconception about happiness?

Happiness declines in old age Signup and view all the answers

What does the Yerkes-Dodson law state about arousal and performance?

Optimal performance occurs at a moderate level of arousal Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation?

Intrinsic motivation is driven by internal satisfaction, while extrinsic is based on external rewards Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following concepts refers to the brain areas responsible for controlling hunger?

Hypothalamus Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the tendency for individuals to recall more positive than negative information as they age?

Positivity effect Signup and view all the answers

What type of needs are physiological and must be satisfied for survival?

Primary needs Signup and view all the answers

What is the main principle of social role theory regarding attraction?

People are attracted to those who share the same social roles Signup and view all the answers

What is the second phase of classical conditioning following the pairing of a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus?

The neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines drive reduction theory?

It argues that motivation is driven by the desire to maintain a balance in bodily functions Signup and view all the answers

What defines psychological dependence on a substance?

An overwhelming desire to use the substance despite negative consequences. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary distinction between agonists and antagonists in pharmacology?

Agonists amplify neurotransmitter effects, while antagonists inhibit them. Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the phenomenon where a response occurs to stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus?

Stimulus generalization Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant limitation of both CT scans and MRI scans in visualizing the brain?

They cannot visualize brain activity in real time. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes negative punishment in behavioral psychology?

Removing a positive stimulus to decrease behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of continuous reinforcement differs from partial reinforcement?

Continuous reinforcement means rewards are given for every occurrence of the desired behavior. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the polygraph test, what are control questions intended to do?

Control for the physiological responses not related to deception. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Final Exam: Important Information

The exam is scheduled for 3 hours on Wednesday, December 11th, from 6:00 PM to 9:00 PM in room 8-142.
The final exam will consist of 45-50 multiple-choice questions and two sets of short-answer questions.
Multiple-choice questions will be roughly 50% from Chapters 6, 7, and 11, and 50% from Chapters 1-5.
Set 1 of the short-answer questions will require answering 2 out of 3 questions related to Chapters 1-5.
Set 2 of the short-answer questions will require answering 2 out of 3 questions related to Chapters 6, 7, and 11.
No deferrals will be granted for the final exam.
Any deferral requests must be submitted through Exam Services (780-497-4780) and come with a required fee.

Chapter 7: How Memory Operates

Memory is the retention of information over time.
Memory illusions are a kind of memory error.
Hyperthymestic Syndrome involves superior autobiographical memory.
Three types of memory: sensory, short-term (working), and long-term.
Sensory memory initially stores information, but it has a large capacity and short duration.
Iconic memory is sensory memory related to vision.
Echoic memory is sensory memory related to hearing.
Sperling's 1960 experiment shows sensory memory's characteristics.
Short-term memory is a temporary store of information; it has limited capacity and duration.
Control processes help enhance short-term memory (e.g., rehearsal).
Short-term memory can be impacted by decay or interference.
Retroactive interference refers to the interference of new information with previously stored information.
Proactive interference refers to the interference of previously stored information with new information.
Miller's "magic number" suggests the capacity of short-term memory (approximately 7 +/- 2 items), plus chunking.
Level of processing theory suggests that more meaningful processing leads to better memory retention.
Long-term memory is a relatively permanent storage of information.
The serial position effect, with primacy and recency effects, describes how memory is affected by item order.
Explicit memory, with semantic and episodic memory as subtypes, stores conscious memories (facts and personal experiences).
Implicit memory, including priming, procedural, and classical conditioning mechanisms, stores unconscious memories.
Specific encoding affects retrieval accuracy.

Chapter 11: Theories of Emotions and Motivation

Discuss the different theories of emotion, like Cannon-Bard, James-Lange, two-factor theory, somatic marker theory, and cognitive theories.
Explore the elements of nonverbal expression of emotions, like body language, gestures, and nonverbal leakage.
Explain the methodologies of lie detection, with polygraph tests and brain-scanning techniques, and their limitations.
Discuss different conceptions about happiness, including myths.
Explain motivations, such as drive reduction theory, homeostasis, incentive theories, the hierarchy of needs, and the Yerkes-Dodson law.

False Memories

False memories: Misinformation and implanted memories, flashbulb memories, source monitoring errors, and cryptomnesia
Factors diminishing accuracy of eyewitness testimony
Strategies to enhance accuracy of testimony
Positive psychology and related phenomena

Chapter 3: Brain Scanning Techniques

Discuss different brain scanning techniques for visualizing the brain, e.g., CT (computed tomography) scans and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scans.
Explain their limitations.
Describe the process of action potentials and the threshold for excitation.
Explain agonists and antagonists in relation to drug effects.

Chapter 5: Dependence and Hypnosis

Differentiate between physical and psychological dependence.
Define and give examples of stimulants.
Define hypnosis and mention some common myths about it.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the concepts of memory covered in Chapter 7, including types of memory, memory illusions, and hyperthymestic syndrome. This quiz will help reinforce your understanding of how memory operates and is essential for your upcoming final exam. Get ready to dive into the fascinating world of psychology!