Psychology Chapter 6 Validity Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What does validity measure?

How well a test measures what it purports to measure in a particular context.

What is the second definition of validity?

Ability of a test to measure what it is supposed to measure and to predict what it is supposed to predict.

What does validity involve in terms of judgment?

Judgment based on evidence about the appropriateness of inferences drawn from test scores.

A valid test is one that has been shown to be valid for a particular _ with a particular _ of test takers at a particular _.

use, population, time. Signup and view all the answers

Can any test be universally valid for all uses, times, and populations?

No. Signup and view all the answers

A reliable test may not be ___, but a _ test should be ___.

valid, valid, reliable. Signup and view all the answers

What does the process of validation involve?

Gathering and evaluating validity evidence. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three C's of validity?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What does content validity assess?

Scrutinizing the test's content. Signup and view all the answers

What does criterion-related validity involve?

Relating scores obtained in the test to other test scores or measures. Signup and view all the answers

What is construct validity?

Analysis of how test scores relate to other measures and how scores can be understood within some theoretical framework. Signup and view all the answers

What is face validity?

Relates to what a test appears to measure or how relevant the test items look to the test taker. Signup and view all the answers

Why is face validity important?

Test-takers may not put forth effort for tests that seem 'useless'. Signup and view all the answers

How is content validity quantified?

Through a panel of judges; the more judges and the more agreement, the greater level of content validity. Signup and view all the answers

What is Lawshe's Content Validity Ratio?

The more panelists who agree, the greater the level of content validity. Signup and view all the answers

What is a problem in content validity related to theoretical domains?

We don't know all the items in the theoretical domain of possible items. Signup and view all the answers

What influences content validity in terms of culture?

Much depends on who writes the test. Signup and view all the answers

What is a criterion?

Standard at which a test score is measured. Signup and view all the answers

What does an adequate criterion need to be?

Relevant, valid, and uncontaminated. Signup and view all the answers

What is a relevant criterion?

Acceptable to the matter at hand. Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a valid criterion?

If X is used to predict Y, we need to know X is valid. Signup and view all the answers

An uncontaminated criterion is not based on a ____ measure.

predictor. Signup and view all the answers

What does concurrent validity involve?

Scores validated against a criterion of already-diagnosed patients. Signup and view all the answers

What does predictive validity measure?

Relationship between test score and criterion measure in the future. Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of predictive validity?

GRE scores predicting who will pass required graduate level classes. Signup and view all the answers

What is a validity coefficient?

Provides a measure of relationship between test score and scores on criterion measure. Signup and view all the answers

What do validity coefficients require to determine a minimum accepted size?

They do not require rules. Signup and view all the answers

What does incremental validity refer to?

Degree to which additional predictors explain variance. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Validity Overview

Validity refers to how effectively a test measures what it claims to measure in a specific context.
A test's validity assesses its ability to both measure and predict intended outcomes.

Characteristics of a Valid Test

A valid test is specific to its intended use, designed for a specific population of test-takers, and relevant for particular timing.

Limitations of Validity

No test can be universally valid for all uses, times, or populations.

Reliability vs. Validity

A reliable test may lack validity; however, a valid test should inherently possess reliability.

Process of Validation

Validation involves collecting and evaluating evidence to support the validity of a test.

Types of Validity

Content Validity: Focuses on the relevance and representation of the test’s content.
Criterion-related Validity: Assesses relationship between test scores and other measures.
Construct Validity: Explores how test scores relate to theoretical constructs.

Face Validity

Face validity concerns the apparent relevance of test items to the test-taker.
Important for maintaining test-taker engagement and avoiding external complaints or legal issues.

Content Validity Insights

Essential in achievement testing, ensuring that tests measure the intended concepts.
Panel judges evaluate content validity; greater agreement among judges indicates higher validity.

Challenges in Content Validity

There may be uncertainties about all possible items within a theoretical domain.
Content validity can be influenced by the culture and background of the test creators.

Measures how well a test score reflects an individual's standing on a specific criterion.
Involves concurrent and predictive validity distinctions.

Concurrent and Predictive Validity

Concurrent Validity: Considers the relationship between scores and criteria at the same time.
Predictive Validity: Gauges the extent to which a test score can forecast future outcomes.

Defining Criteria

A criterion is an established measure used to evaluate the validity of test scores.
Adequate criteria must be relevant, valid, and uncontaminated to ensure accurate interpretability.

Examples of Validity

Concurrent Validity Example: Validating diagnostic tests against established patient diagnoses.
Predictive Validity Example: GRE scores used to forecast success in graduate courses.

Validity Coefficients

Validity coefficients indicate the correlation between test scores and criterion scores.
No fixed rules govern the minimum acceptable size of validity coefficients, but they must be sufficiently high to support accurate decision-making.
Coefficients may be impacted by the restriction of the range of data used.

Incremental Validity

Concerns how additional predictors enhance the explanation of outcomes in the validity context.

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Description

Test your understanding of validity with these flashcards from Chapter 6 of your psychology course. Each card provides a definition of validity, exploring its meaning and implications in testing contexts. Perfect for reinforcing your knowledge and preparing for assessments.