Questions and Answers
What does validity measure?
How well a test measures what it purports to measure in a particular context.
What is the second definition of validity?
Ability of a test to measure what it is supposed to measure and to predict what it is supposed to predict.
What does validity involve in terms of judgment?
Judgment based on evidence about the appropriateness of inferences drawn from test scores.
A valid test is one that has been shown to be valid for a particular ___ with a particular _____ of test takers at a particular ___.
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Can any test be universally valid for all uses, times, and populations?
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A reliable test may not be _____, but a _____ test should be _____.
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What does the process of validation involve?
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What are the three C's of validity?
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What does content validity assess?
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What does criterion-related validity involve?
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What is construct validity?
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What is face validity?
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Why is face validity important?
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How is content validity quantified?
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What is Lawshe's Content Validity Ratio?
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What is a problem in content validity related to theoretical domains?
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What influences content validity in terms of culture?
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What is a criterion?
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What does an adequate criterion need to be?
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What is a relevant criterion?
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What is an example of a valid criterion?
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An uncontaminated criterion is not based on a ____ measure.
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What does concurrent validity involve?
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What does predictive validity measure?
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What is an example of predictive validity?
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What is a validity coefficient?
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What do validity coefficients require to determine a minimum accepted size?
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What does incremental validity refer to?
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Study Notes
Validity Overview
- Validity refers to how effectively a test measures what it claims to measure in a specific context.
- A test's validity assesses its ability to both measure and predict intended outcomes.
Characteristics of a Valid Test
- A valid test is specific to its intended use, designed for a specific population of test-takers, and relevant for particular timing.
Limitations of Validity
- No test can be universally valid for all uses, times, or populations.
Reliability vs. Validity
- A reliable test may lack validity; however, a valid test should inherently possess reliability.
Process of Validation
- Validation involves collecting and evaluating evidence to support the validity of a test.
Types of Validity
- Content Validity: Focuses on the relevance and representation of the test’s content.
- Criterion-related Validity: Assesses relationship between test scores and other measures.
- Construct Validity: Explores how test scores relate to theoretical constructs.
Face Validity
- Face validity concerns the apparent relevance of test items to the test-taker.
- Important for maintaining test-taker engagement and avoiding external complaints or legal issues.
Content Validity Insights
- Essential in achievement testing, ensuring that tests measure the intended concepts.
- Panel judges evaluate content validity; greater agreement among judges indicates higher validity.
Challenges in Content Validity
- There may be uncertainties about all possible items within a theoretical domain.
- Content validity can be influenced by the culture and background of the test creators.
Criterion-related Validity
- Measures how well a test score reflects an individual's standing on a specific criterion.
- Involves concurrent and predictive validity distinctions.
Concurrent and Predictive Validity
- Concurrent Validity: Considers the relationship between scores and criteria at the same time.
- Predictive Validity: Gauges the extent to which a test score can forecast future outcomes.
Defining Criteria
- A criterion is an established measure used to evaluate the validity of test scores.
- Adequate criteria must be relevant, valid, and uncontaminated to ensure accurate interpretability.
Examples of Validity
- Concurrent Validity Example: Validating diagnostic tests against established patient diagnoses.
- Predictive Validity Example: GRE scores used to forecast success in graduate courses.
Validity Coefficients
- Validity coefficients indicate the correlation between test scores and criterion scores.
- No fixed rules govern the minimum acceptable size of validity coefficients, but they must be sufficiently high to support accurate decision-making.
- Coefficients may be impacted by the restriction of the range of data used.
Incremental Validity
- Concerns how additional predictors enhance the explanation of outcomes in the validity context.
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Description
Test your understanding of validity with these flashcards from Chapter 6 of your psychology course. Each card provides a definition of validity, exploring its meaning and implications in testing contexts. Perfect for reinforcing your knowledge and preparing for assessments.