Psychology Chapter 5 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What do developmental psychologists study?

Developmental psychology studies humans across the lifespan, focusing on growth and changes in physical, cognitive, social, and emotional aspects.

What factors are involved in the development of voluntarily controlled movement?

Running, jumping, playing

Crawling, walking, talking

Eating, sleeping, crying

Sucking, grasping, rooting, stepping (correct)

How do researchers study what infants know, remember, and sense?

Researchers study infants by measuring how long they look at particular things.

What is habituation?

Habituation is a form of non-associative learning where an innate response to a stimulus decreases after repeated presentations. Signup and view all the answers

How did Piaget view cognitive development?

Piaget viewed cognitive development as a progressive reorganization of mental processes through maturation and environmental experience. Signup and view all the answers

How is theory of mind related to autism?

Theory of mind involves understanding mental states; those with autism struggle with this ability. Signup and view all the answers

What is temperament?

Temperament refers to constitutionally based individual differences in emotional, motor, and attentional reactivity and self-regulation. Signup and view all the answers

What are the temperament classifications for babies?

Easy, slow-to-warm-up, difficult Signup and view all the answers

What is attachment?

Attachment refers to the emotional bond that forms between a caregiver and a child, vital for normal social and emotional development. Signup and view all the answers

What did Harlow's monkeys reveal about attachment and maternal instinct?

Harlow found that infant monkeys preferred the comfort of a cloth mother over a wire mother, indicating the importance of comfort in attachment. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Strange Situation test?

The Strange Situation is a test that observes a child's attachment style through episodes of separation and reunion with a caregiver. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes secure and insecure attachment styles?

Secure attachment involves healthy interactions, while insecure attachment can manifest as avoidance or ambivalence in relationships. Signup and view all the answers

How do authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and negligent parents differ?

Authoritarian parents expect obedience; authoritative allow independence. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Developmental Psychology

Focuses on human growth and changes throughout the lifespan: physical, cognitive, social, emotional, and personality development.

Voluntary Controlled Movement

Key factors include reflexes such as sucking, grasping, rooting, and stepping.
These reflexes typically diminish as infants gain control over their voluntary movements.

Infant Knowledge and Senses

Researchers gauge infants' knowledge by tracking how long they look at objects.
Prolonged gaze indicates recognition or memory of objects.

Habituation

A form of non-associative learning where responses to a stimulus lessen after repeated exposure.
Characterizes an innate reaction to stimuli that decreases over time.

Piaget's Cognitive Development Theory

Cognitive development is a progressive reorganization of mental processes influenced by maturation and experience.
Stages include:
- Sensorimotor: Birth to 18-24 months - development of object permanence.
- Preoperational: 18-24 months to age 7 - features egocentrism and basic reasoning.
- Concrete operational: 7 to 11 years - ability for logical thought about concrete events.
- Formal operational: Adolescence to adulthood - abstract thinking and problem-solving.

Theory of Mind and Autism

Theory of mind involves understanding mental states in oneself and others.
Individuals with autism spectrum disorder typically exhibit challenges in this area.

Temperament

Defined as individual differences in emotional, motor, and attentional reactivity that is consistent across various situations.
Represents relative stability over time.

Temperament Classifications

Three main types of infant temperament: easy, slow-to-warm-up, and difficult.

Attachment Theory

Emphasizes the need for a strong, primary caregiver relationship for healthy social and emotional development.
Rooted in psychological, evolutionary, and ethological perspectives.

Harlow's Monkeys and Attachment

Research demonstrated infants' preference for comfort through the cloth mother over the wire mother, highlighting emotional bonds over mere nutrition.

Strange Situation Test

Developed by Mary Ainsworth to evaluate attachment styles in children.
Involves observing a child's behavior in a controlled environment during separations and reunions with a caregiver.

Attachment Styles

Secure attachment: Healthy, trusting relationships.
Insecure avoidant attachment: Lack of emotional connection.
Insecure ambivalent/resistant attachment: Anxiety in relationships.
These patterns impact adult romantic relationships.

Parenting Styles

Authoritative: High expectations with support and flexibility; fosters independence.
Authoritarian: High expectations with strict rules; limited freedom.
Permissive: Few demands and allows self-regulation; treats child as an equal.
Negligent: Inadequate guidance and inattentiveness to the child's needs.

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Description

Explore key concepts in Developmental Psychology with these flashcards. This quiz delves into the study of human growth and the factors influencing voluntary movement control. Test your understanding of how individuals change and develop throughout their lives.