Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the transition between childhood and adulthood called?
What is the transition between childhood and adulthood called?
Adolescence
Who said adolescence was a time of 'Storm and Stress'?
Who said adolescence was a time of 'Storm and Stress'?
G. Stanley Hall
Who argued that adolescence could be a time of enjoyment and that 'storm and stress' is a product of industrialized society?
Who argued that adolescence could be a time of enjoyment and that 'storm and stress' is a product of industrialized society?
Margaret Mead
What percent of American adolescents encounter serious difficulties?
What percent of American adolescents encounter serious difficulties?
What percent of adolescents have sporadic problems?
What percent of adolescents have sporadic problems?
What percent of adolescents enjoy basically healthy development?
What percent of adolescents enjoy basically healthy development?
Puberty in girls typically occurs between what ages?
Puberty in girls typically occurs between what ages?
Puberty in boys typically occurs between what ages?
Puberty in boys typically occurs between what ages?
What occurs just before puberty?
What occurs just before puberty?
At what age does the growth spurt peak for girls?
At what age does the growth spurt peak for girls?
At what age does the growth spurt peak for boys?
At what age does the growth spurt peak for boys?
How long do growth spurts usually last?
How long do growth spurts usually last?
Girls experience menstrual periods between the ages of?
Girls experience menstrual periods between the ages of?
Boys experience spermarche between what ages?
Boys experience spermarche between what ages?
What is the term for uneven growth of body parts?
What is the term for uneven growth of body parts?
Since when have sexual behaviors in general not changed?
Since when have sexual behaviors in general not changed?
What has influenced changes in attitudes towards sexual behavior?
What has influenced changes in attitudes towards sexual behavior?
Who described formal operations thinking?
Who described formal operations thinking?
At what ages does thinking become more abstract?
At what ages does thinking become more abstract?
What is the term for examining one's thoughts and motives?
What is the term for examining one's thoughts and motives?
How do adolescents deal with overpowering emotional feelings?
How do adolescents deal with overpowering emotional feelings?
Who identified six problems adolescents develop as a result of maturing?
Who identified six problems adolescents develop as a result of maturing?
List the six problems adolescents develop as a result of maturing.
List the six problems adolescents develop as a result of maturing.
Who suggested that many people never advance beyond stage 4 (established authority)?
Who suggested that many people never advance beyond stage 4 (established authority)?
Individuals in stage 5 are concerned with whether a law is what?
Individuals in stage 5 are concerned with whether a law is what?
What do individuals in stage 6 do?
What do individuals in stage 6 do?
According to Kohlberg, how many people reach levels 5 and 6?
According to Kohlberg, how many people reach levels 5 and 6?
Who came up with the theory of identity crisis?
Who came up with the theory of identity crisis?
What two aspects are adolescents torn between?
What two aspects are adolescents torn between?
What stage makes a person question, 'Who am I?'
What stage makes a person question, 'Who am I?'
Who agreed with Erikson's theories?
Who agreed with Erikson's theories?
According to Marcia, individuals must make commitments on what three things?
According to Marcia, individuals must make commitments on what three things?
What is it called when individuals consider issues but have not made a commitment?
What is it called when individuals consider issues but have not made a commitment?
What is Identity foreclosure?
What is Identity foreclosure?
What does Identity confused mean?
What does Identity confused mean?
What does Identity achievement signify?
What does Identity achievement signify?
Who says human development is one continuous process?
Who says human development is one continuous process?
Who studied Samoan adolescents and concluded that they came of age with ease?
Who studied Samoan adolescents and concluded that they came of age with ease?
Almost what fraction of marriages end in divorce?
Almost what fraction of marriages end in divorce?
Almost what fraction of all women are in the workplace?
Almost what fraction of all women are in the workplace?
What does belonging to a clique fulfill for teens?
What does belonging to a clique fulfill for teens?
What is a major drawback of a clique?
What is a major drawback of a clique?
What is not nearly as pronounced as some researchers would have us believe?
What is not nearly as pronounced as some researchers would have us believe?
Between 1950-1990, teenage suicide rates ______ but have been in steady decline since then.
Between 1950-1990, teenage suicide rates ______ but have been in steady decline since then.
Juveniles were involved in what percentage of all violent crime arrests in 2003?
Juveniles were involved in what percentage of all violent crime arrests in 2003?
Juveniles were involved in what percentage of all property crime arrests in 2003?
Juveniles were involved in what percentage of all property crime arrests in 2003?
Depressed teens often appear how?
Depressed teens often appear how?
What rebellious behaviors do depressed teens engage in?
What rebellious behaviors do depressed teens engage in?
What is the best way to deal with depression?
What is the best way to deal with depression?
Some suggest anorexia represents a female's refusal to?
Some suggest anorexia represents a female's refusal to?
What are people suffering from bulimia excessively concerned about?
What are people suffering from bulimia excessively concerned about?
What refers to one's biological makeup?
What refers to one's biological makeup?
What are the set of behaviors that society considers appropriate for each sex called?
What are the set of behaviors that society considers appropriate for each sex called?
What stereotype is often associated with men?
What stereotype is often associated with men?
What stereotype is often associated with women?
What stereotype is often associated with women?
Who argued that people should accept androgynous roles?
Who argued that people should accept androgynous roles?
In general, who is more confident in math and science?
In general, who is more confident in math and science?
Who participates in more physical aggression?
Who participates in more physical aggression?
Who participates in more verbal aggression?
Who participates in more verbal aggression?
What causes physical aggression in boys?
What causes physical aggression in boys?
Men have less what neurotransmitter, which has been associated with lower levels of aggression?
Men have less what neurotransmitter, which has been associated with lower levels of aggression?
Who is often more talkative and interrupts more while others are talking?
Who is often more talkative and interrupts more while others are talking?
Who is better on spatial ability tests?
Who is better on spatial ability tests?
Who is better at tracking objects?
Who is better at tracking objects?
Who prefers trucks?
Who prefers trucks?
Who prefers dolls?
Who prefers dolls?
What do behaviors result from?
What do behaviors result from?
Who says little boys identify with their fathers and girls identify with their mothers?
Who says little boys identify with their fathers and girls identify with their mothers?
At what age does gender identification start?
At what age does gender identification start?
What theory says children learn their gender roles by observing and imitating models?
What theory says children learn their gender roles by observing and imitating models?
Why don't women advance in the workplace like men do?
Why don't women advance in the workplace like men do?
In what stage do males die in greater numbers?
In what stage do males die in greater numbers?
What are males more likely to be diagnosed with?
What are males more likely to be diagnosed with?
Males are also more likely to do what?
Males are also more likely to do what?
How many times more do boys commit suicide than girls?
How many times more do boys commit suicide than girls?
What percentage of teens have jobs?
What percentage of teens have jobs?
What are potential drawbacks of jobs for teens?
What are potential drawbacks of jobs for teens?
Study Notes
Adolescence and Development
- Adolescence marks the transition between childhood and adulthood.
- G. Stanley Hall described adolescence as a period of "Storm and Stress."
- Margaret Mead argued that enjoyment characterizes adolescence in many cultures, attributing storm and stress to industrialized society.
Adolescent Challenges and Growth
- 11% of American adolescents experience serious difficulties, while 32% face sporadic problems, and 57% enjoy healthy development.
- Puberty begins in girls between ages 8-10 and in boys between ages 9-16.
- Growth spurts occur just before puberty, peaking at age 12 for girls and 14 for boys, lasting approximately 2 years.
- Menarche (first menstrual period) for girls typically occurs between ages 10-17, while spermarche (first ejaculation) for boys typically happens between ages 12-13.
Psychological Development
- Asynchrony refers to the uneven growth of body parts during adolescence.
- Formal operations thinking, characterized by abstract reasoning, develops around ages 11-12, as described by Piaget.
- Introspection involves examining one’s own thoughts and motives, common in adolescent development.
- Rationalization is a common strategy used by adolescents to cope with overwhelming emotions.
Adolescent Developmental Issues
- Dr. David Elkind identified six problems adolescents often face: finding fault with authority figures, argumentativeness, indecisiveness, hypocrisy, self-consciousness, and feelings of invulnerability.
- Kohlberg stated many individuals do not progress beyond stage 4 (established authority). Individuals at stages 5 and 6 consider laws' fairness and formulate their own ethical principles, respectively.
Identity Formation
- Erikson’s theory on identity crisis explores the struggle between uniqueness and fitting in during adolescence.
- Identity confusion occurs when individuals have not committed to any identity issues.
- Marcia developed the identity status model, outlining four outcomes:
- Identity Moratorium: active exploration without commitment.
- Identity Foreclosure: commitment based on others’ influence.
- Identity Diffusion: lack of serious thought about identity.
- Identity Achievement: considering possibilities and making personal commitments.
Social Changes and Gender Roles
- Albert Bandura emphasized that human development is a continuous process.
- Responses to changes in culture indicate shifts in societal roles, such as the increase in women's participation in the workforce and evolving family structures.
Suicide and Mental Health
- Between 1950 and 1990, teenage suicide rates quadrupled but have since declined.
- Juveniles accounted for 15% of violent crime arrests and 29% for property crime arrests in 2003.
- Common signs of depression in teens include anger and engagement in rebellious behaviors like truancy and substance abuse.
Gender Identity and Socialization
- Gender identity reflects one’s biological makeup, while gender roles encompass societal expectations for behaviors of each sex.
- Stereotypes suggest men should be rugged and women should be sensitive.
- Sandra Bem advocated for androgynous roles that blend traditional male and female characteristics.
Behavioral Differences and Development
- Men tend to be more confident in math and science, while women often engage in more verbal aggression.
- Boys are typically associated with physical aggression, influenced by societal expectations, while girls may show better tracking abilities.
- Learning theories posit that children learn gender roles through observation and imitation of role models.
Work and Adolescent Employment
- Around 70-80% of teens hold jobs, although work can be harmful by reducing study time and creating misconceptions about the workplace.
- Issues like discrimination and childcare interruptions can hinder women's advancement in careers compared to men.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge with these flashcards covering key terms and concepts from Psychology Chapter 4. Understand the transition from childhood to adulthood and the influential psychologists who shaped our understanding of adolescence. Perfect for reviewing important theories and definitions prior to an exam.
