Questions and Answers
If you are awakened from sleep and you feel as though you had not even been asleep, then you were most likely in which stage of sleep?
Morphine is considered a(n) ________ drug because it decreases pain.
opioid
If you have been waking up too early for several weeks, you are probably suffering from ________.
insomnia
Our sleep-wake cycle follows a(n) ________ rhythm.
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Short, rhythmic bursts of brainwave activity that appear during Stage 2 sleep are called ________.
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Sleepwalking is also referred to as ________.
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Which of the following indicators reflects the possibility of physical dependence?
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Freud believed that dreams ________.
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Individuals undergoing hypnosis ________.
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Which of the following is classified as a depressant?
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Our awareness of various mental processes, such as making decisions, daydreaming, reflecting, and concentrating, is called ________.
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Victoria has accumulated a large sleep debt. This means that she ________.
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Mohammed is sleeping. His eyelids are quivering because his eyes are darting around. Mohammed is probably experiencing ________ sleep.
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Periods of REM sleep alternate with periods of non-REM sleep in a cycle that recurs about every ________ minutes or so.
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All of the following result from sleep deprivation EXCEPT ________.
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Melatonin is a ________.
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A client tells his therapist about a dream in which he drives his wife to the airport where she boards a plane. As the plane takes off, he is smiling. The therapist says the dream suggests a desire for a divorce. The therapist's interpretation represents what Sigmund Freud called the dream's ________.
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Which of these individuals has the highest risk of sleep apnea?
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Study Notes
Sleep Stages and Disorders
- Waking from sleep without feeling rested often means being in Stage 1 (N1) of sleep.
- Insomnia is characterized by early waking for several weeks, indicating chronic sleep issues.
- Sleepwalking is clinically referred to as somnambulism.
Sleep Cycles and Brain Activity
- The sleep-wake cycle follows a circadian rhythm, regulating sleep patterns roughly every 24 hours.
- During Stage 2 sleep, brain activity features sleep spindles, which are short bursts of rhythmic brainwaves.
Dreams and Freud's Theories
- Freud posited that dreams stem from unconscious conflicts, reflecting deeper desires and memories.
- The latent content of a dream refers to its hidden meaning, as interpreted by therapists.
Hypnosis and Dependence
- Individuals under hypnosis are usually aware of their experience and maintain control over their behaviors.
- Drug tolerance indicates a possibility of physical dependence on substances.
Substance Classification
- Morphine is classified as an opioid, as it effectively reduces pain.
- Alcohol is identified as a depressant, impacting mood and mental processes.
Consciousness and Mental Processes
- Consciousness encompasses awareness of various cognitive processes like decision-making and daydreaming.
- Accumulating sleep debt leads to chronic sleep deprivation, manifesting as excessive daytime sleepiness.
REM Sleep Characteristics
- REM sleep is characterized by rapid eye movement, indicating active dreaming and brain activity.
- REM sleep and non-REM sleep alternate in cycles roughly every 90 minutes.
Health Risks and Sleep Apnea
- Individuals at higher risk for sleep apnea include older adults with obesity, as in the case of a 62-year-old male.
Impacts of Sleep Deprivation
- Sleep deprivation results in symptoms such as droopy eyelids, irritability, and inattentiveness, but can also lead to a state of hyperalertness in some cases.
Melatonin
- Melatonin is a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles, influencing the timing of sleep.
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Description
Test your knowledge of key concepts from Psychology Chapter 4 with these flashcards. This quiz covers stages of sleep and the classification of drugs. Perfect for reviewing essential terms and definitions in psychology.
