18 Questions
What is the underlying reason for Lauren's tension and anxiety about her choice?
The clash between her desire to live with her parents and pursue her music career
What is the driving force behind Lauren's desire to become a skilled violinist?
Intrinsic motivation from her love of music
Which psychological concept is illustrated by Lauren's desire to master the violin?
Self-actualization
What would be an example of social learning theory in Lauren's situation?
Lauren seeing the rewards that others receive for their playing
What is the underlying psychological principle behind Lauren's desire to reach her full potential as a musician?
Self-actualization
What is the primary reason for Lauren's anxiety and tension?
The conflict between staying with her parents and pursuing her music career
What is the characteristic pattern of correlations observed in twin and family studies of psychological disorders?
Higher correlations for children and their biological parents than for children and their adoptive parents
What is the term for the phenomenon where individuals believe that an unpleasant experience is unavoidable and therefore do nothing to change the course of events?
Learned Helplessness
What is the term for the understanding that things continue to exist even when they are not within view?
Object Permanence
What is the term for the phenomenon where a person's expectation of another person's behavior influences that behavior?
A self-fulfilling prophecy
What is the term for the tendency to attribute another person's behavior to their personality or disposition, rather than to the situation or environment?
The fundamental attribution error
Under what circumstances is it permissible for a psychologist to share a client's test scores with another person?
When the client provides written permission to share results
Which system produces, circulates, and regulates levels of hormones in the body?
Endocrine System
What is the statistical concept that refers to the probability of obtaining a particular result by chance, rather than due to a real effect?
Statistical significance
Which of the following is an example of a self-fulfilling prophecy?
A supervisor doubts the competence of a new employee and unwittingly criticizes their work
What is the rationale underlying the use of projective personality tests, such as the Rorschach Test and the Thematic Apperception Test?
That they tap into the unconscious mind
What is the term for the phenomenon where the presence of others reduces the likelihood of helping someone in distress?
Pluralistic ignorance
What is the term for the attribution of an event or situation to an internal characteristic of oneself, rather than to external circumstances?
Locus of Control
Study Notes
Conflicting Goals and Self-Actualization
- Lauren faces a conflict between living with her parents and pursuing her passion for music at a school far away, causing tension and anxiety.
- This conflict involves two positive goals, highlighting the struggle between personal relationships and personal ambition.
- Self-actualization plays a role in Lauren's desire to play the violin, as she strives to become the best violinist she can be, working towards reaching her full potential.
Motivation and Learning
- Lauren's motivation is intrinsic, driven by her love of music and the personal satisfaction she derives from performing well.
- Social learning theory is demonstrated when Lauren observes the rewards that others receive for their playing, influencing her behavior.
Psychological Concepts
- Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, specific phobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and dissociative identity disorder are all psychological disorders.
- The self-fulfilling prophecy can occur when a supervisor's low expectations of an employee lead to poor performance.
- Pluralistic ignorance, the halo effect, and the Hawthorne effect are psychological phenomena.
- Latent learning, attribution, and learned helplessness are additional concepts in psychology.
- Object permanence is the understanding that objects continue to exist even when out of sight.
Systems and Functions
- The endocrine system produces, circulates, and regulates hormone levels in the body.
- The hippocampus, hypothalamus, medulla, reticular formation, and cerebellum are brain structures with distinct functions.
- The circulatory, limbic, sympathetic, and parasympathetic nervous systems are bodily systems with unique roles.
Assessment and Ethics
- Projective personality tests, such as the Rorschach Test and the Thematic Apperception Test, are used to assess personality.
- A psychologist may share a client's test scores with others in certain circumstances, such as with the client's written permission.
Test your knowledge of psychology fundamentals, including concepts like cognitive dissonance, learned helplessness, and more. Identify the correct terms and concepts in this multiple-choice quiz.
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