Psychology Chapter 2 Flashcards

A nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system.

Neuron extensions that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body.

<p>Neuron extensions that pass messages to other neurons or cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A nerve impulse.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A neuron's reaction of either firing (with a full-strength response) or not firing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neuron-produced chemicals that cross synapses to carry messages to other neurons or cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Morphine within' - natural, opiatelike neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The body's speedy, electrochemical communication network, consisting of all the nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The brain and spinal cord.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sensory and motor neurons connecting the central nervous system to the rest of the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bundled axons that form neural 'cables' connecting the central nervous system with muscles, glands, and sense organs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neurons that carry incoming information from the sensory receptors to the central nervous system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neurons that carry outgoing information from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neurons that communicate internally and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The body's skeletal muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sympathetic division arouses; parasympathetic division calms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The body's 'slow' chemical communication system; a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemical messengers that are manufactured by the endocrine glands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secrete hormones that help arouse the body in times of stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The oldest part and central core of the brain responsible for automatic survival functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heartbeat and breathing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Area at the top of the brainstem that directs sensory messages to the cortex.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Records waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brain's surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Showing where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a task.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce images of soft tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shows blood flow and brain activity by comparing successive MRI scans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role in controlling arousal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Processing sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neural system located below the cerebral hemispheres; associated with emotions and drives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Linked to emotion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Directs several maintenance activities and governs the endocrine system via the pituitary gland.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thin layer of interconnected neurons covering the cerebral hemisphere; the body's ultimate control and information processing center.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Speaking, muscle movements, and making plans and judgments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Receives sensory input for touch and body positions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Receive information from the visual fields.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Receive information from the ears.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Voluntary movements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Body touch and movement sensations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False sensory experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking, and speaking.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Controls language expression and directs the muscle movements involved in speech.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Involved in language comprehension and expression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The brain's ability to change, especially during childhood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Condition in which the brain's two hemispheres are isolated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The connections between brain activity and the processes of thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Our awareness of ourselves and our environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Focusing conscious awareness on a particular stimulus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Failure to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The biological clock; regular bodily rhythms that occur on a 24-hr cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Periodic, natural, reversible loss of consciousness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recurring problems in falling or staying asleep.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sleep disorder in which a person has uncontrollable sleep attacks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A sleep disorder in which a sleeping person repeatedly stops breathing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person's mind.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The remembered story line of a dream.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The underlying meaning of a dream.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation.</p> Signup and view all the answers