Psychology Chapter 14 Quiz and Flashcards on Depression and Heart Disease

Questions and Answers

Which of the following is an example of a stimulus-based definition of stress?

Carrie experiences stress because she notices her car is almost out of gas and worries about being stranded on the highway, but then she feels better when she sees a gas station nearby.

Grace experiences stress when she sees the coyote, but Mary thinks the coyote is a dog so she does not experience stress.

Caroline experiences stress because she is home alone and hears unusual noises outside. (correct)

Laura experiences stress because her heart rate increased when she noticed the spider.

Which disease does Alma have?

Systemic lupus erythematosus

Asthma (correct)

Heart disease

Lung cancer

Lydia exemplifies ________.

optimism

What can be changed to make the following sentence true? The physical symptoms of psychophysiological disorders are nonexistent, and they can be produced or exacerbated by psychological factors.

The word 'nonexistent' should be changed to the word 'real.' Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a reason that depression is associated with heart disease?

Depression may increase the likelihood of living an unhealthy lifestyle, which increases the risk of heart disease. Signup and view all the answers

Angela experiences ________.

less stress than someone who has no effective options Signup and view all the answers

Which kind of psychology seeks to identify and promote qualities that lead to happy, fulfilled, and contented lives?

Positive psychology Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of eustress?

Training for a marathon Signup and view all the answers

People who reach the ________ level of stress feel burned out.

distress Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the male and female experience of stress is true?

Women report experiencing more stress than men. Signup and view all the answers

________ is the kind of stress that exceeds the optimal level.

distress Signup and view all the answers

Heather views the new position as a rather than a .

challenge; threat Signup and view all the answers

Dr. Frobish possesses a ________ behavior pattern because she is an intensively driven workaholic.

Type A Signup and view all the answers

When did the term stress enter scientific literature?

1930s Signup and view all the answers

While writing, Paolo is experiencing ________.

flow Signup and view all the answers

Doug exemplifies which aspect of job burnout?

depersonalization Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to mental or behavioral efforts to manage problems relating to stress?

coping Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of the resistance stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

Tyrique almost falls out of the tree, but he grabs a branch, and now that the danger of falling has passed, he focuses his energy and attention on getting down safely. Signup and view all the answers

A(n) ________ attack is often triggered by environmental factors.

asthma Signup and view all the answers

Rush hour traffic, lost keys, and inclement weather are examples of a(n) ________.

daily hassle Signup and view all the answers

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Psychoneuroimmunology evolved from the discovery that there is a connection between the peripheral nervous system and the immune system.

The word 'peripheral' should be changed to the word 'central.' Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of the exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

Latricia has been lost in the woods for days, collapsing by a tree. Signup and view all the answers

The relaxation response technique combines elements of relaxation and ________.

meditation Signup and view all the answers

What do studies show about the relationship between stress and memory?

Moderate stress can enhance both immediate and delayed recall of educational material. Signup and view all the answers

Marcy is in a car accident. This is an example of a(n) ________ stressor.

acute Signup and view all the answers

The Center for Investigating Healthy Minds conducts research on ________.

healthy aspects of the mind, such as kindness, forgiveness, compassion, and mindfulness Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the secondary appraisal of a stressor?

how a threat is perceived Signup and view all the answers

What should be changed to make the following statement true? In the general adaptation syndrome, the fight-or-flight reaction describes the body's immediate reaction upon facing a threatening situation.

The phrase 'fight-or-flight' should be changed to the word 'alarm.' Signup and view all the answers

Hypertension is a major risk factor for heart disease because it ________.

forces the heart to pump harder, which puts more physical strain on the heart Signup and view all the answers

________ is a state of intense engagement in an activity; it is usually experienced while participating in creative work and leisure endeavors.

flow Signup and view all the answers

Which demographic category reported the least amount of stress during 1983, 2006, and 2009?

Retired people Signup and view all the answers

Guidance, encouragement, acceptance, emotional comfort, and tangible assistance are all examples of ________.

Social support Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a good example of a response-based definition of stress?

Bruce experiences stress because his heart rate increased when he noticed Jack had a knife. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a secondary appraisal of a stressor?

Berkley believes she can end an argument with her wife by apologizing. Signup and view all the answers

A demanding or threatening event is often called a(n) ________.

stressor Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Stress Definitions and Concepts

Stimulus-Based Definition of Stress: Illustrated by Caroline, who feels stress due to unusual noises while home alone.
Eustress: Positive stress experienced during events like training for a marathon, which contributes to motivation and personal growth.
Distress: Negative stress that exceeds optimal levels leading to burnout and exhaustion, as indicated by symptoms of fatigue and reduced performance.

Psychological Perspectives

Optimism: Lydia embodies optimism with a positive outlook on life, expecting the best from people and situations.
Positive Psychology: A field focused on promoting qualities that lead to happiness and fulfillment, contrasting with traditional psychological approaches that often emphasize dysfunction.

Stress and Health

Asthma: Condition affecting airway obstruction, making it difficult to expel air; can be triggered by environmental factors.
Connection Between Depression and Heart Disease: Depression can lead to unhealthy lifestyles, increasing the likelihood of heart disease.
Relationship Between Stress and Memory: Moderate stress enhances recall of educational material, while intense stress can impair memory.

Coping Strategies and Responses

Coping: Refers to mental or behavioral efforts to manage stress-related problems and emotions.
Effective Coping: Angela experiences less stress due to her proactive approach to making friends, showcasing the impact of coping on stress levels.

Job Burnout

Components of Job Burnout: Includes depersonalization, diminished sense of accomplishment, and exhaustion; wanting to quit is not a recognized aspect.
Depersonalization: Doug's indifference towards patients exemplifies this phenomenon where emotional exhaustion leads to a lack of empathy.

General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

Stages of GAS: Includes alarm (initial reaction), resistance (coping with stress), and exhaustion (depletion of resources).
Exhaustion Stage Example: Latricia collapsing after prolonged stress demonstrates the consequences of enduring stress without relief.

Demographics and Stress

Stress Levels Across Demographics: Retired individuals reported the least amount of stress, suggesting life transitions can affect emotional well-being.
Gender Differences in Stress: Women generally report higher stress levels than men, highlighting differences in stress experiences.

Stress Triggers and Assessments

Primary and Secondary Appraisals: Secondary appraisal involves evaluating how a threat is perceived and the available options for coping, as seen with Berkley deciding how to handle an argument.
Daily Hassles: Everyday stressors like traffic and work challenges contribute to cumulative stress levels.

Other Key Terms

Flow State: A highly engaged state experienced during creative or focused activities, resulting in deep satisfaction and productivity.
Social Support: Includes various forms of emotional and practical assistance that can buffer stress.

Health Implications of Stress

Hypertension: A significant risk factor for heart disease, resulting from the heart working harder, which leads to physical strain.
Psychoneuroimmunology: Explores the relationship between the mind and the immune system in managing stress.

These study notes encapsulate the essential concepts related to stress, its classifications, impacts on health, and coping mechanisms.

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Description

Assess your understanding of stress definitions with this post-test quiz based on Chapter 14. You'll encounter diverse scenarios that illustrate the stimulus-based concept of stress. Challenge yourself and see how well you grasp the material!

Psychology Chapter 14 Post Test