Psychology Chapter 11 & 12

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Questions and Answers

What is one critical factor that helps in making a successful transition into retirement?

  • Having a specific financial plan in place
  • Engaging in volunteer work
  • A strong social support system (correct)
  • Maintaining a strict daily routine

Which of the following is a characteristic of reminiscence therapy?

  • Emphasizing current cognitive abilities
  • Encouraging discussion about past experiences (correct)
  • Utilizing medication to enhance memory
  • Focusing exclusively on recent memories

What is a primary goal of hospice care?

  • To cure terminal illnesses
  • To prolong life through aggressive treatment
  • To provide comfort and support during end-of-life (correct)
  • To minimize hospital visits at all costs

Which disease is commonly associated with aging and can be prevented through lifestyle changes?

<p>Type 2 diabetes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of grief, what does anticipatory grief refer to?

<p>Grief experienced before an impending loss (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of Sternberg's theory of love is most associated with a higher divorce rate when individuals marry based solely on it?

<p>Passion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common reason cited by both men and women for getting divorced?

<p>Financial issues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is considered critical in avoiding reality shock in the workplace?

<p>Establishing good communication (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of coping strategy focuses on changing the source of stress?

<p>Problem-focused coping (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary role of the 'kinkeeper' in family dynamics?

<p>Maintaining family connections (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disease is characterized by a progressive decline in cognitive function due to brain cell death?

<p>Alzheimer's disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'glass ceiling' refer to in the workplace context?

<p>Invisible barriers to advancement for women (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cognitive intelligence type is associated with accumulated knowledge and skills over a person's lifetime?

<p>Crystallized intelligence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Reality Orientation

A therapy technique that helps older adults with cognitive impairments to stay grounded in reality by providing consistent reminders of time, place, and person.

Activities of Daily Living (ADLs)

Basic self-care tasks individuals need to live independently, such as bathing, dressing, eating, and toileting.

Kubler-Ross's 5 Stages of Grief

A model describing emotional responses to loss, including denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance.

Euthanasia

The practice of intentionally ending a life to relieve pain and suffering.

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Anticipatory Grief

The grief experienced before a loss occurs, often when a loved one is terminally ill.

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Reality Shock

The jarring experience of a new graduate entering the workforce and realizing that their skills and knowledge may not be as practical or relevant as they expected.

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Social Cognitive Career Theory

This theory suggests that career choices are influenced by an interaction between an individual's personal factors, environmental factors, and their self-efficacy beliefs about their abilities.

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Mentoring and Erikson's Stages

Mentorship can play a key role in supporting individuals' psychosocial development by providing guidance and support during specific stages, like Identity vs. Role Confusion or Intimacy vs. Isolation.

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Burnout

A state of emotional, physical, and mental exhaustion caused by prolonged or excessive stress, often leading to feelings of cynicism and detachment.

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Gender Pay Gap

The consistent difference in earnings between men and women performing similar work, with women generally earning less.

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Leisure Selection

The process of choosing leisure activities based on personal values, interests, social connections, and available resources.

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Osteoporosis

A condition characterized by weakened and brittle bones, increasing the risk of fractures, often associated with aging.

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Menopause

The natural cessation of menstruation in women, occurring typically between the ages of 45 and 55, driven by hormonal changes.

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Study Notes

Chapter 11

  • Film "After Happily Ever After": Explores reasons for increased divorce rates in the past 50 years, Gottman's research on successful relationships, and suggested "secrets" to a happy marriage.
  • Friendship in Adulthood: Examines challenges in adult friendships.
  • Sternberg's Theory of Love: Describes love as having three components, and links one component (infatuation) to higher divorce rates.
  • Homosexual and Heterosexual Couples: Focuses on similarities and differences between these couples' relationships.
  • Keeping Marriages Happy: Discusses research on factors that contribute to successful marital relationships.
  • Reasons for Divorce: Explores the reasons men and women cite for divorce.

Chapter 12

  • Social Cognitive Career Theory: Outlines the theory.
  • Reality Shock: Discusses reality shock and ways to avoid it.
  • Mentoring and Erikson's Theory: Examines the relationship between mentoring and Erikson's psychosocial development stages.
  • Alienation, Burnout, Passion, Glass Ceiling, Glass Cliff: Explores these concepts and how they apply to careers, with examples and advice.
  • Gender Pay Gap: Discusses the gender pay gap.
  • Leisure Activities: Explains how people choose leisure and highlights benefits of regular activity and the downsides when people give up valued activities.

Chapter 13

  • Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis, and Rheumatoid Arthritis: Covers symptoms and risk factors for these diseases.
  • Menopause: Defines menopause, lists symptoms, and discusses treatment benefits and risks.
  • Stress, Appraisal, and Coping: Examines the relationship between stress, appraisal, coping mechanisms, and overall health. Compares problem-focused and emotion-focused coping, noting when to use each.
  • Fluid Intelligence, Crystallized Intelligence, and Practical Intelligence: Defines these concepts and provides examples.
  • Erikson's Generativity vs. Stagnation: Explores this concept within the context of Erikson's psychosocial stages.
  • Midlife Crisis and Correction: Explores the concept of midlife crises and midlife corrections.
  • Kinkeeper, Sandwich Generation, Grandparenting: Describes the roles, responsibilities, gifts, and challenges of these family dynamics.

Chapter 14

  • Measuring Longevity: Explores different measures of longevity (average, useful, maximum).
  • Factors Contributing to Longevity: Discusses factors that contribute to a longer life.
  • Third and Fourth Ages: Discusses the third and fourth ages of life, with corrections given.
  • Dementias (Alzheimer's, Vascular, Parkinson's): Explores these dementias in terms of brain function, common/early symptoms, progression, and treatments.
  • Normal Aging: Discusses normal aging changes in the brain, cognition, and psychology.
  • Common Chronic Diseases: Highlights common and deadly chronic diseases affecting the elderly.
  • Preventing Chronic Diseases: Discusses approaches to preventing these chronic diseases.

Chapter 15

  • Successful Aging: Discusses balancing competence and environmental pressures for successful aging.
  • Erikson's Integrity vs. Despair: Examines this concept related to aging.
  • Retirement Reasons: Lists typical reasons people retire and factors related to successful/unsuccessful retirement adjustment.
  • Caregiving: Examines the risks and benefits of caregiving.
  • Activities of Daily Living (ADLs), Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs): Explains these concepts.
  • Housing Options for Elderly: Discusses various elderly housing choices.
  • Social Security and Medicare Funding: Addresses concerns and potential solutions with regards to funding.

Chapter 16

  • Reducing Death Anxiety: Explains concepts.
  • Euthanasia and Physician-Assisted Suicide: Defines these terms.
  • Kubler-Ross's Stages of Grieving: Provides details on these five stages.
  • Advanced Directives: Provides information on how to communicate your end-of-life decisions.
  • Hospice, End-of-Life Issues: Explores the concepts of hospice and end-of-life issues and the grieving process.

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