Psychology Chapter 10 Part 2

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following describes the Yerkes-Dodson law?

Simple tasks are performed best when arousal levels are relatively high

Complex tasks are performed best when arousal levels are low

Both A and B (correct)

None of the above

The hierarchy of needs is the spectrum of needs ranging from basic _ needs to __ needs and finally striving for self-actualization.

biological & social

Otto is driven to become a school psychologist that he spends every night studying. This describes what?

motivation

Cici becomes a foster parent because of ________ motivation.

intrinsic Signup and view all the answers

Tesla crafts imitation dream catchers in her spare time. When she finally agrees to sell them, this is an example of the _________ effect.

over justification Signup and view all the answers

Sweating and shivering are responses designed to bring the body back into ___________.

homeostasis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an instinctive behavior?

infant rooting for a nipple Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is something an advocate for arousal theory might observe?

When we are bored we look for excitement; when we are over excited we wish for more peace Signup and view all the answers

Food, water, shelter, and warmth represent ____________ needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

physiological Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following exemplifies extrinsically motivated behavior?

Babysitting your younger brother in order to receive an hourly fee Signup and view all the answers

Amir bites his fingernails when he is nervous or anxious. This is an example of a ___________.

habit Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of self-efficacy?

Naomi believes that she can successfully complete law school Signup and view all the answers

Self-worth, accomplishment, and confidence represent the ________ level of needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

esteem Signup and view all the answers

The need for __________ might explain why we 'friend' people on social media websites.

affiliation Signup and view all the answers

According to research, the need for ___________ encourages Mr. Blutarski to complete a second PhD.

achievement Signup and view all the answers

According to the Yerkes-Dodson law, when is the most efficient time for Carl to mow the lawn?

after he's received exciting news Signup and view all the answers

What is the main idea of drive theory?

A change in homeostasis creates physiological needs that result in immediate actions to meet the need and return to a state of homeostasis. Signup and view all the answers

Explain bulimia nervosa.

Eating disorder in which there is binge eating followed by attempts to compensate such as vomiting or excessive exercise. Signup and view all the answers

Mercy probably suffers from what?

anorexia nervosa Signup and view all the answers

The ________ theory asserts that each individual has an ideal body weight that is resistant to change.

set point Signup and view all the answers

What is Prader-Willi syndrome?

A genetic disorder that results in persistent feelings of intense hunger and reduced rates of metabolism. Signup and view all the answers

According to the standards set by the CDC, Greg is what?

morbidly obese Signup and view all the answers

What is a physiological mechanism?

Empty stomachs contract, causing both hunger pains and the secretion of chemical messages that travel to the brain to initiate feeding behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What illness might AnnaSophia be suffering from?

bulimia nervosa Signup and view all the answers

Which option is best described as a hormone that induces feelings of satiety?

leptin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary distinction between bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder?

With binge eating disorders there is no purging or attempt to compensate for the food they have eaten like there is in bulimia nervosa. Signup and view all the answers

Dr. Korkolos's expertise is in what type of surgery?

bariatric surgery Signup and view all the answers

Research found that the nucleus accumbens and the amygdala are important in sexual motivation; they are part of the _____________.

limbic system Signup and view all the answers

Who produced volumes discussing sexual behavior among Americans?

Alfred Kinsey Signup and view all the answers

What can be said about sexual orientation?

It is something one is born with. Signup and view all the answers

Who was the first theorist to explore the idea that the way we appraise a situation influences the type of emotion we experience?

Magda Arnold Signup and view all the answers

The ___________ complex is critical for classical conditioning and emotional value.

basolateral Signup and view all the answers

According to the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory of emotion, emotions consist of two factors: and .

physiological and cognitive Signup and view all the answers

A(n) ________ is a subjective, affective state of being that we often describe as our feelings.

emotion Signup and view all the answers

A(n) _________ refers to a prolonged, less intense, affective state that does not occur in response to something.

mood Signup and view all the answers

The complex and the central are both parts of the amygdala.

basolateral & nucleus Signup and view all the answers

If you suggest that smiling can make someone feel happier, then you believe in what theory or hypothesis?

facial feedback hypothesis Signup and view all the answers

How is an emotion different from a mood?

Moods last longer than emotions, emotions can be intentional while mood may not be consciously recognized, and emotions are in response to an experience while moods are not. Signup and view all the answers

According to the _____________ theory of emotions, one's physiological arousal precedes the cognitive experience of a feeling.

James-Lange Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Motivation and Needs

The Yerkes-Dodson law indicates optimal arousal levels vary: high for simple tasks, low for complex tasks.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs progresses from biological needs to social needs, culminating in self-actualization.
Motivation drives behavior toward achieving goals.
Intrinsic motivation refers to actions taken for personal satisfaction rather than external rewards.
The overjustification effect occurs when intrinsic interest decreases due to external incentives, such as monetary rewards for tasks once enjoyed.
Homeostasis is the body's regulatory process to maintain a stable internal environment.
Instinctive behavior can be exemplified by an infant's rooting reflex for feeding.

Psychological Theories and Concepts

Arousal theory suggests that a state of boredom leads individuals to seek excitement, while over-excitement prompts a desire for calm.
Physiological needs in Maslow's hierarchy include essentials like food, water, and shelter.
Extrinsically motivated behavior occurs when actions are driven by external rewards, such as earning an hourly fee for babysitting.

Eating Disorders

Habits are behaviors repeated regularly without conscious intention, such as nail-biting in stressful situations.
Self-efficacy reflects one's belief in their ability to succeed, such as completing law school.
Esteem needs in Maslow's hierarchy encompass self-worth and confidence.
The need for affiliation drives social interactions, such as joining clubs or making friends.
Achievement motivation pushes individuals, like pursuing additional degrees for personal fulfillment and accolades.

Human Eating and Weight

Anorexia nervosa involves severe restriction of food intake combined with a distorted body image.
Bulimia nervosa consists of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors like vomiting or excessive exercise.
Set point theory posits that individuals maintain a specific body weight that resists change.
Prader-Willi syndrome is a genetic condition characterized by intense hunger and metabolic issues.
Body mass index (BMI) classifications indicate obesity levels, with a BMI over 40 signifying morbid obesity.
Physiological mechanisms, like hunger pangs, signal the brain to initiate feeding behavior.

Hormones and Appetite Regulation

Leptin is a hormone that induces feelings of fullness, regulating food intake.
Binge eating disorder is identified by episodes of overeating without purging behaviors present in bulimia.

Sexual Behavior and Motivation

Bariatric surgery alters gastrointestinal function for weight loss management.
The limbic system, particularly the nucleus accumbens and amygdala, plays a crucial role in sexual motivation.
Alfred Kinsey's research on American sexual behavior opened discussions on previously taboo topics.
Scientific consensus indicates that sexual orientation is innate rather than a choice.
Magda Arnold pioneered the notion that cognitive appraisal influences emotional responses.

Emotion, Mood, and Theories

The basolateral complex is vital for classical conditioning and emotional memory association.
Schachter-Singer's two-factor theory of emotion involves physiological arousal and cognitive evaluation.
Emotions are short-lived, intense feelings, while moods are prolonged emotional states that arise without specific triggers.
The James-Lange theory states physiological responses precede emotional experiences.
The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that physical expressions, like smiling, can influence emotional experiences.

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Description

Test your knowledge with these flashcards on concepts from Psychology Chapter 10. This quiz covers important theories such as the Yerkes-Dodson law and the hierarchy of needs. Perfect for reinforcing key psychological principles.