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Questions and Answers
What is the definition of psychology?
What is the definition of psychology?
Psychology is the scientific study of mental activity and behavior, which are based on brain processes.
List the six strategies of I.M.P.A.C.T. that can help improve studying.
List the six strategies of I.M.P.A.C.T. that can help improve studying.
The six strategies are Improving, Monitoring, Practicing, Attending, Connecting, and Thinking Deeply.
How does psychology contribute to the development of critical thinking skills?
How does psychology contribute to the development of critical thinking skills?
Psychology helps evaluate information by determining its credibility and assessing the strength of evidence.
What are the five domains of modern psychology?
What are the five domains of modern psychology?
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What are the five steps in the Scientific Method?
What are the five steps in the Scientific Method?
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Distinguish between a theory and a hypothesis in psychology.
Distinguish between a theory and a hypothesis in psychology.
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of case studies in descriptive methods?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of case studies in descriptive methods?
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Discuss the limitations of correlational research methods.
Discuss the limitations of correlational research methods.
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What is the primary focus of experimental methods in research?
What is the primary focus of experimental methods in research?
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Identify one significant advantage and one disadvantage of using experimental methods.
Identify one significant advantage and one disadvantage of using experimental methods.
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Define the independent and dependent variables in an experimental setup.
Define the independent and dependent variables in an experimental setup.
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What is the purpose of random assignment in experiments, and how does it relate to the experimental and control groups?
What is the purpose of random assignment in experiments, and how does it relate to the experimental and control groups?
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What role does the Institutional Review Board (IRB) play in research ethics?
What role does the Institutional Review Board (IRB) play in research ethics?
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Study Notes
Defining Psychology
- Psychology is the scientific study of mental activity and behavior, rooted in brain processes.
Strategies for Better Studying
- Use the I.M.P.A.C.T. framework: Improving, Monitoring, Practicing, Attending, Connecting, Thinking Deeply to enhance study techniques.
Critical Thinking Development
- Psychology promotes critical thinking by helping evaluate information credibility, considering believability, evidence strength, and source reliability.
Domains of Modern Psychology
- Biological: Investigates brain and body interactions.
- Cognitive: Focuses on mental activities and processes.
- Developmental: Studies changes over the human lifespan.
- Social and Personal: Examines social factors affecting behavior.
- Mental and Physical Health: Explores influences on mental and physical well-being.
Scientific Method Steps
- Formulate Theory: Develop ideas or concepts.
- Develop Testable Hypothesis: Predict outcomes of studies.
- Test with Research Method: Employ experimental, descriptive, or correlational methods.
- Analyze Data: Draw conclusions from the collected data.
- Share Results: Disseminate findings and encourage further research.
Theory vs. Hypothesis
- Theory: An interconnected set of concepts explaining observations.
- Hypothesis: A specific, testable prediction derived from a theory.
Descriptive Methods
- Case Studies:
- Advantages: Yield extensive data.
- Disadvantages: Subjective, biased, and overly specific.
- Self-Reports:
- Advantages: Simple, cost-effective, and quick.
- Disadvantages: Potential inaccuracies and self-report bias.
- Observational Methods:
- Advantages: Useful in early research and non-intrusive.
- Disadvantages: Risk of observational errors and behavior alteration by observer presence.
Correlational Research Methods
- Advantages: Utilize naturally occurring variables relevant to real life.
- Disadvantages: Cannot establish causal relationships or directionality between variables.
Experimental Methods
- Description: Investigate effects of manipulated variables on others.
- Advantages: Allow control over independent variables to observe effects on dependent variables.
- Disadvantages: May unintentionally alter other variables, compromising results.
Variables in Experiments
- Independent Variable: The manipulated factor to examine its effect on another variable.
- Dependent Variable: The measured element influenced by the independent variable.
Random Assignment and Groups
- Random Assignment: Ensures equal chances for participants in different experimental conditions.
- Experimental Group: Participants subjected to the independent variable.
- Control Group: Participants not exposed to the experimental treatment for comparison.
Institutional Review Board (IRB) Purpose
- The IRB reviews research proposals to ensure adherence to ethical standards, specifically focusing on informed consent and participant protection from harm.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the fundamentals of psychology with this quiz. It covers the definition of psychology, effective study strategies, and the development of critical thinking skills. Enhance your understanding of mental processes and behaviors.