Psychology Chapter 1-2 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

Simplicity of conducting the study is to ________ as ability to test large numbers of participants is to ________.

archival research; surveys

What is one task that a peer reviewer is not likely to participate in?

suggesting magazines that may be interested in publishing the research

What is a potential problem with American researchers studying the effects of physical attractiveness on compliance in Lebanon?

The study may not be valid due to differences in standards of attractiveness between cultures.

________ refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result.

<p>reliability</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the experiment on racial prejudice, the class forgot to ________ in order to resolve the ________ in the study.

<p>debrief participants; deception</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most serious flaw of Magali and Jean-Gabriel's happiness study design?

<p>They have not defined happiness or how it will be measured.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of peer reviewers?

<p>help ensure quality control in reporting scientific findings</p> Signup and view all the answers

________ (IRB) reviews research that is conducted using human participants.

<p>Institutional Review Board</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents a weak positive correlation?

<p>+0.2</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ethics need to be considered when ________ scientific research.

<p>designing, conducting, and reviewing</p> Signup and view all the answers

________ are subjects of psychological research.

<p>participants</p> Signup and view all the answers

A(n) ________ is conducted in order to determine whether there are meaningful differences between two groups in a study.

<p>statistical analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents a strong negative correlation?

<p>-0.9</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ________ variable measures effects of the independent variable.

<p>dependent</p> Signup and view all the answers

In order to maximize the chances that experimental groups represent the population of interest, researchers should conduct ________ and ________.

<p>random sampling; random group assignment</p> Signup and view all the answers

Research describing a link between childhood vaccines and autism has been ________.

<p>retracted due to a financial conflict of interest by the author</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is an anthropologist that contributed to our understanding of chimpanzee behavior in the wild?

<p>Jane Goodall</p> Signup and view all the answers

Many studies that cannot ethically be conducted as experiments with typical human participants ________.

<p>are possible to test with animal studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential problem associated with relying on college students as participants in psychological research?

<p>They have higher attrition rates than other populations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Research Methodologies

  • Archival research is easy to conduct, while surveys allow testing large participant numbers.
  • Institutional Review Boards (IRB) oversee studies involving human participants to ensure ethical standards.

Peer Review Process

  • Peer reviewers help maintain quality control in scientific findings but do not suggest journals for publication.

Cultural Considerations in Research

  • Cultural differences in standards of attractiveness may affect the validity of findings when generalizing across populations, such as from American to Lebanese individuals.

Ethical Conduct in Research

  • Transparency is crucial; debriefing participants can resolve issues related to deception in studies.
  • Ethics must be a consideration during the design, conduct, and review of scientific research.

Measuring Variables

  • Reliability refers to the consistency of results across trials.
  • The dependent variable is what is measured to assess the impact of the independent variable.
  • Statistical analyses determine significant differences between groups in research.

Definitions and Concepts

  • Participants are individuals involved in psychological research.
  • Weak positive correlation is represented by a value of +0.2; strong negative correlation is indicated by -0.9.

Limitations and Flaws

  • Defining constructs like happiness is essential; vague measurements can lead to flawed research designs.
  • Research claiming a link between childhood vaccines and autism was retracted due to conflicts of interest.

Observational Studies

  • Naturalistic observation contributed to chimpanzee behavior understanding, with significant contributions from anthropologist Jane Goodall.

Participant Population Concerns

  • College students, often used in studies, might not reflect the broader population; it is incorrect to claim they have higher attrition rates than other groups.

Experimental Design

  • Enhancing representativeness in experimental design involves random sampling and random group assignments to avoid biases.

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Description

Test your knowledge on key concepts from Chapters 1 and 2 of Psychology research methods. This quiz covers important terms and tasks involved in research and the peer review process. Challenge yourself to enhance your understanding of psychological studies.

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