Psychology Basics

Well-being and Health

• Well-being encompasses global judgments of life satisfaction, health, and engagement with life.
• Well-being is a positive outcome that indicates people perceive their lives are going well.
• Health (traditional medical definition) is the state of being free of illness or injury.
• Health (WHO definition) is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, beyond just the absence of disease.

Physical and Psychological Well-being

• Physical well-being is the ability to maintain a healthy lifestyle, perform daily activities without undue fatigue or physical stress, and avoid injury, disease, and death.
• Psychological well-being is the combination of feeling good and functioning effectively.

Human Biology and Behavior

• Human biology studies the physiology, behavior, and qualities of Homo sapiens.
• Human behavior refers to the potential and expressed capacity of individuals or groups to respond to internal and external stimuli throughout their lives.

Life Expectancy and Mortality

• Life expectancy is a statistical measure of the average time a person is expected to live, based on birth year, current age, and demographic factors.
• Life expectancy at birth is the average number of years a newborn can expect to live, assuming current death rates remain constant.
• Infant mortality rate is the number of infant deaths under one year of age for every 1,000 live births.
• Life expectancy at age 65 is the average number of years a person at that age can expect to live, assuming age-specific mortality levels remain constant.

Special Needs and Disease Burden

• People of Determination (according to UAE law) are individuals with special needs, including temporary or permanent deficiencies or infirmities.
• Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY) is a time-based measure that combines years of life lost due to premature mortality and years of healthy life lost due to disability.
• Burden of disease is a measure of the impact of living with illness and injury and dying prematurely.
• Quality-Adjusted Life Year (QALY) is a measure of disease burden, including both quality and quantity of life lived.

Social and Environmental Factors

• Social network refers to the types of people an individual interacts with, the quality of the relationship, and the frequency of interaction.
• Maternal health effects refer to the impact of maternal health during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postnatal period on the well-being of the child.
• Teratogens are agents that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm.