Psychology and Neuroscience Quiz

Consciousness and Stimulus-Driven Processes

• Consciousness involves both prior knowledge and stimulus-driven responses.
• Unconscious processing plays a significant role in behavioral measurements using EEG techniques.
• Measurements involve electrodes placed inside (intracellular) and outside (extracellular) axons.

EEG and Brain Imaging Techniques

• Single-cell membrane recording is often used in animal studies to capture neural activity.
• Magnetic fields generated during brain activity can affect temporal motion and realignment, which is essential for understanding neural processes.
• Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) and MRI are used to study structural connections within the brain, focusing on the diffusion of water molecules in relation to brain regions.

Blood Oxygen Level-Dependent (BOLD) Signals

• BOLD fMRI measures brain activity by detecting changes in blood oxygenation levels; higher activity in neurons requires more oxygen.
• The relationship between active regions of the brain and increased blood flow is crucial for understanding brain function.

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)

• TMS is utilized to modulate brain activity through non-invasive stimulation, impacting transduction and signal processing.
• Provides insights into various cognitive functions and their neural underpinnings.

Specific Brain Functions and Disorders

• Rods and cones in the retina are critical for sensory input, influencing perception.
• Features such as blindsight and simultanagnosia highlight awareness limitations despite certain sensory processing.
• Balint's Syndrome and its relevance underscore the importance of feature integration theory in understanding visual recognition impairments.

Theoretical Frameworks

• The Atkinson and Shiffrin model emphasizes the separation of memory systems for enhanced learning and processing.
• Important to study how different pathways in the brain interact to facilitate cognition and perceptual tasks.