Podcast
Questions and Answers
A forensic analyst matching evidence to a suspect is an example of what principle?
A forensic analyst matching evidence to a suspect is an example of what principle?
- Individuation (correct)
- Association
- Correlation
- Identification
Which period in U.S. interrogation history is associated with the use of coercive techniques like sleep deprivation and denial of basic needs?
Which period in U.S. interrogation history is associated with the use of coercive techniques like sleep deprivation and denial of basic needs?
- 1960s-1980s
- 1930s-1960s (correct)
- 2000s-Present
- 1980s-2000s
What type of reliability is established when two examiners reach the same conclusion independently?
What type of reliability is established when two examiners reach the same conclusion independently?
- Test-retest reliability
- Parallel forms reliability
- Internal consistency
- Interrater reliability (correct)
What percentage of suspects are estimated to waive their Miranda rights in police custody?
What percentage of suspects are estimated to waive their Miranda rights in police custody?
What is the primary purpose of the Guilty Knowledge Test?
What is the primary purpose of the Guilty Knowledge Test?
What technology does high-definition infrared thermal imaging utilize in lie detection?
What technology does high-definition infrared thermal imaging utilize in lie detection?
Why are statistical statements potentially problematic for jurors?
Why are statistical statements potentially problematic for jurors?
What is the estimated accuracy rate of humans in detecting lies?
What is the estimated accuracy rate of humans in detecting lies?
What is confirmation bias?
What is confirmation bias?
What interrogation technique involves providing a justification or excuse for a criminal act?
What interrogation technique involves providing a justification or excuse for a criminal act?
What is the main provision of the Federal Polygraph Protection Act of 1988?
What is the main provision of the Federal Polygraph Protection Act of 1988?
What is the underlying principle of lie detection using a polygraph?
What is the underlying principle of lie detection using a polygraph?
What is a false positive in forensic science?
What is a false positive in forensic science?
In wrongful conviction cases involving forensic evidence, misinterpretation of evidence most likely refers to?
In wrongful conviction cases involving forensic evidence, misinterpretation of evidence most likely refers to?
What is the fundamental attribution error in the context of interrogations?
What is the fundamental attribution error in the context of interrogations?
What are two key recommendations from major reports aimed at improving forensic science?
What are two key recommendations from major reports aimed at improving forensic science?
Coerced-internalized false confessions, like the one Chris Ochoa made, arise because:
Coerced-internalized false confessions, like the one Chris Ochoa made, arise because:
What is an advantage of information-gathering interrogation techniques compared to accusatorial methods?
What is an advantage of information-gathering interrogation techniques compared to accusatorial methods?
According to research, what two tactics used in combination led to the highest rates of true confessions in the Russano study?
According to research, what two tactics used in combination led to the highest rates of true confessions in the Russano study?
What is indicated when a specific forensic identification technique demonstrates poor measurement validity?
What is indicated when a specific forensic identification technique demonstrates poor measurement validity?
Flashcards
What is Individuation?
What is Individuation?
Matching evidence from a crime scene perfectly to a suspect.
What is the 1930-1960?
What is the 1930-1960?
A period where sleep deprivation and withholding privileges were used to coerce confessions.
What is Interrater Reliability?
What is Interrater Reliability?
Reliability where two examiners independently reach the same conclusion.
What is the Guilty Knowledge Test?
What is the Guilty Knowledge Test?
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What is High Definition of Infrared Thermal Imaging?
What is High Definition of Infrared Thermal Imaging?
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What is a Statistical Statement?
What is a Statistical Statement?
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What is Confirmation Bias?
What is Confirmation Bias?
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What is an Exculpatory Scenario?
What is an Exculpatory Scenario?
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What is the Federal Polygraph Protection Act of 1988?
What is the Federal Polygraph Protection Act of 1988?
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What is the Polygraph?
What is the Polygraph?
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What is a False Positive?
What is a False Positive?
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What is Misinterpretation?
What is Misinterpretation?
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What is the Fundamental Tribulation Error?
What is the Fundamental Tribulation Error?
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What is an Authentic Coerced Confession?
What is an Authentic Coerced Confession?
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What is low Measurement Validity?
What is low Measurement Validity?
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Study Notes
- Individuation occurs when a forensic analyst determines the evidence at a crime scene perfectly matches a suspect.
- From 1930-1960 interrogators in the U.S. likely used sleep deprivation, isolation, and withholding toilet privileges as coercion to obtain confessions.
- Interrater reliability is when two examiners independently reach the same conclusion.
- 80% of suspects waive their rights while in police custody.
- A guilty knowledge test discerns if a person knows facts about a crime that only the perpetrators would know.
- High definition of infrared thermal imaging is a lie detection instrument that measures small changes in the heat of the human face.
- Statistical statements are difficult for jurors to interpret.
- Humans' ability to detect lies has an average accuracy rate of barely above chance, or 54%.
- Confirmation bias is when forensic examiners ignore evidence that contradicts their beliefs and only focus on information that supports their beliefs.
- An exculpatory scenario is a technique to increase the likelihood of a confession by providing a justification for the criminal action.
- The federal polygraph protection act of 1988 prohibited most private employers from using a polygraph for hiring purposes.
- A polygraph is a lie detection tool based on the assumption that lying causes physiological arousal.
- A false positive is when an expert declares something to be a match when it is not.
- Misinterpretation is the leading cause of improper forensics in wrongful conviction cases.
- Fundamental attribution error is a bias that causes people to attribute a confession to the behavior of the suspect rather than the interrogation tactics used.
- Two key things can improve forensics: more research and attracting more educated people to the field.
- An instrument coerced false confession is the type of false confession Chris Ochoa made.
- Information gathering techniques have an advantage over accusatorial methods.
- Both approaches increase the number of true confessions while information gathering reduces CBCA.
- Lying is more cognitively demanding than the truth because one must come up with a lie straight, suppress the truth, monitor others' behavior, and control their own behavior.
- According to the Russano study, minimization and deal techniques yielded the most true confessions.
- An authentic coerced confession is a false confession that arises after questioning and makes the suspect believe they committed the crime.
- Low measurement validity describes when a specific forensic identification technique does a poor job of accurately measuring what it claims to measure.
- The relevant and irrelevant test comprises arousing irrelevant, arousing relevant, non-arousing irrelevant, and non-arousing relevant questions.
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