Psychology and Genetic Research Questions
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What is the purpose of twin studies in genetic association research?

  • To understand brain abnormalities post mortem
  • To evaluate environmental influences on traits
  • To analyze the effects of drug treatments
  • To estimate the heritability of traits (correct)

    • What is the primary focus of imaging genetics?

  • Examining structural brain abnormalities after death
  • Investigating the relationship between genes and brain function (correct)
  • Comparing behavior in animal models of human emotion
  • Measuring environmental impacts on genetic traits

    • How do randomized controlled trials contribute to treatment efficacy research?

  • By examining post mortem brain abnormalities
  • By analyzing patient brain structures through MRI
  • By randomly assigning participants to treatment or control groups (correct)
  • By studying twin behaviors in response to drugs

    • What type of studies would provide insight into brain abnormalities associated with diseases like Alzheimer's?

    <p>Post mortem studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What research method uses emotional responses to study fear in humans?

    <p>Animal models</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does prevalence refer to in the context of demographics of a disorder?

    <p>The number of individuals diagnosed at a specific time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is used for understanding the personal experiences of individuals with a disorder?

    <p>Structured interviews</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a challenge associated with retrospective questionnaires in researching disorder causes?

    <p>They can be influenced by memory bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using questionnaires in diagnosing disorders?

    <p>To objectively measure symptoms in clinical groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these factors is NOT mentioned as a potential cause or correlation in disorders?

    <p>Environmental factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What association has been made between bad deeds and mental illness in Thailand?

    <p>Bad deeds are linked to mental illness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes mindfulness?

    <p>An approach derived from Buddhism that emphasizes awareness of present moods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When was yoga introduced to the USA?

    <p>2008</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method of support do many Black males find more effective than formal options?

    <p>Speaking to family members.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are cultural considerations important in treatment?

    <p>They can lower the risk of misdiagnosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category does not belong to the major categories of DSM-19?

    <p>Schizophrenia disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a symptom that is not typically associated with depression?

    <p>Increased energy levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is not considered in the diagnostic coding of depression?

    <p>Physical health status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cognitive distortion involves viewing situations in an exaggeratedly negative way?

    <p>Magnification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for depression?

    <p>Restructure negative thoughts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary belief about insanity before the 11th century?

    <p>Insanity was thought to be caused by evil spirits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant change occurred in the 19th century regarding mental health treatment?

    <p>The creation of specialized asylums for mental illness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was introduced by Emil Kraepelin in the classification of mental disorders?

    <p>The identification of mental disorders having shared symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders primarily provide?

    <p>A framework for diagnosing mental health disorders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the World Health Organization, mental disorders must have what associated feature?

    <p>A clinically recognizable set of symptoms or behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a state of mind from a trait?

    <p>States refer to short-term conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes abnormal behavior?

    <p>Atypical traits within a person's personality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does population variation influence individual behavior?

    <p>It leads to unique behaviors among individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a highly variable state?

    <p>Major depression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of symptoms do personality disorders exhibit?

    <p>Invariant symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered one of the main challenges in evaluating psychological conditions?

    <p>The black box problem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can abnormal behavior be defined according to various influences?

    <p>Subject to culture, history, and politics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to behaviors that deviate significantly from societal norms?

    <p>Maladaptive behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the common ways abnormalities can be measured?

    <p>Observation and self-reporting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage is noted as the norm for the population in the context of defining abnormal behavior?

    <p>68%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern regarding modern conceptualizations of mental health?

    <p>They are predominantly influenced by Western perspectives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does cultural clinical psychology aim to do?

    <p>It combines cultural and clinical psychology to understand disorders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do some societies convey stress, according to Kirmayer and Young?

    <p>By reporting physical complaints instead of psychological ones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might individuals report somatic symptoms instead of psychological ones?

    <p>The stigma around mental health affects their reporting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does culture play in psychology, as discussed in the content?

    <p>Culture influences the definition of identity and psychological experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a commonly recognized biological factor associated with depression?

    <p>Lack of serotonin and dopamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is indicated for raising serotonin levels in individuals with depression?

    <p>Prozac</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about depression diagnosis between genders is true?

    <p>12% of males experience major depression compared to 26% of females.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept was introduced by Seligman related to learned behavior in animals?

    <p>Passive resignation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do humans generally function when experiencing depression?

    <p>They do not operate effectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What constitutes diminished responsibility under the Homicide Act 1957?

    <p>A judge may reduce a sentence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Coroners Justice Act (2009) specify about mental functioning?

    <p>It must arise from a medical condition and impair understanding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under which circumstances is insanity defined in legal terms?

    <p>If they do not know the nature or quality of their act or if they know it was wrong.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of individuals with mental health issues do not go free and are hospitalized?

    <p>84-95%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one finding regarding gun owners with mental disorders?

    <p>They have a higher likelihood of committing suicide or violence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Week 3: Research Methods

    • Aims to find causes + correlations in psychology
    • Genetic Association Studies:
      • Twin studies → monozygotic + dizygotic twins.
      • This gives an estimate of heritability (likely 50% when a trait differs between DZ but not MZ twins)
      • Is the trait genetic, environmental, or shared environmental factors?
    • Post Mortem Studies:
      • Analyze characteristics in brains after death (e.g., brain characteristics for Alzheimer's)
    • Brain Imaging Studies:
      • Compare brain structure with healthy controls.
    • Imaging Genetics:
      • Combo genetic + neuroimaging methods
      • Measure the relationship of a gene on brain function/structure
    • Animal Models:
      • Similar methods to humans e.g., fear conditioning; behaviour studies (e.g., forced swim test)
    • Treatment Efficacy:
      • Randomized controlled trials: randomly allocated an experimental condition (e.g., anti-depressant) or control condition (placebo)
      • Tests the efficacy of drugs + finds side effects

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    Description

    This quiz explores key concepts in psychology, focusing on genetic association research, the role of imaging genetics, and various methodologies used in treatment efficacy and understanding disorders. Test your knowledge on twin studies, randomized controlled trials, and the implications of mindfulness and yoga in mental health.

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