Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following treatments is associated with earlier Biological Positivist solutions?
Which of the following treatments is associated with earlier Biological Positivist solutions?
The concept of eugenics was seen as a humane solution in Biological Positivism.
The concept of eugenics was seen as a humane solution in Biological Positivism.
False
What is one major criticism of Biological and Psychological Positivism?
What is one major criticism of Biological and Psychological Positivism?
It overly emphasizes individual determinism and ignores situational factors.
Biological Positivism often leads to __________ of certain populations through sterilization efforts.
Biological Positivism often leads to __________ of certain populations through sterilization efforts.
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is an aspect of rehabilitation discussed in earlier Biological Positivist solutions?
Which of the following is an aspect of rehabilitation discussed in earlier Biological Positivist solutions?
Signup and view all the answers
Match the applications with their effects:
Match the applications with their effects:
Signup and view all the answers
Psychological counseling was solely beneficial with no negative consequences.
Psychological counseling was solely beneficial with no negative consequences.
Signup and view all the answers
Name one way in which treatments under Biological Positivism were considered harmful.
Name one way in which treatments under Biological Positivism were considered harmful.
Signup and view all the answers
What was a significant issue highlighted by Leilani Muir's case?
What was a significant issue highlighted by Leilani Muir's case?
Signup and view all the answers
The Special Olympics focuses exclusively on competitive sports with limited recreational activities.
The Special Olympics focuses exclusively on competitive sports with limited recreational activities.
Signup and view all the answers
What does Article 40 of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child emphasize regarding children in conflict with the law?
What does Article 40 of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child emphasize regarding children in conflict with the law?
Signup and view all the answers
An example of positivist biases leading to discrimination in Canada is the concept of _____.
An example of positivist biases leading to discrimination in Canada is the concept of _____.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Signup and view all the answers
What was a major consequence of the coerced sterilizations reported in Alberta, Canada during the 1950s?
What was a major consequence of the coerced sterilizations reported in Alberta, Canada during the 1950s?
Signup and view all the answers
The practice of forced sterilization was supported by a 2022 senate report.
The practice of forced sterilization was supported by a 2022 senate report.
Signup and view all the answers
Who was sterilized without consent at the age of 14?
Who was sterilized without consent at the age of 14?
Signup and view all the answers
The practice of forced sterilization is being considered for __________ to make it illegal.
The practice of forced sterilization is being considered for __________ to make it illegal.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the sociological perspectives to their descriptions:
Match the sociological perspectives to their descriptions:
Signup and view all the answers
What controversial gene is associated with aggression and violence?
What controversial gene is associated with aggression and violence?
Signup and view all the answers
The NCR verdict for individuals like Mathew de Grood has garnered unanimous support from victims' relatives.
The NCR verdict for individuals like Mathew de Grood has garnered unanimous support from victims' relatives.
Signup and view all the answers
What type of abuses are often associated with the misuse of science regarding the state?
What type of abuses are often associated with the misuse of science regarding the state?
Signup and view all the answers
In an NCR case, Matthew de Grood killed five friends at a house party in __________.
In an NCR case, Matthew de Grood killed five friends at a house party in __________.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following individuals with their associated events:
Match the following individuals with their associated events:
Signup and view all the answers
What misconception is often associated with prenatal diagnoses?
What misconception is often associated with prenatal diagnoses?
Signup and view all the answers
Research has shown a higher percentage of the MAOA gene among specific ethnic groups.
Research has shown a higher percentage of the MAOA gene among specific ethnic groups.
Signup and view all the answers
What key element is emphasized in the shift towards inclusion in society?
What key element is emphasized in the shift towards inclusion in society?
Signup and view all the answers
Forgiveness is a complex issue, particularly in the case of __________, who killed his mother during a psychotic state.
Forgiveness is a complex issue, particularly in the case of __________, who killed his mother during a psychotic state.
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following statements best reflects the criticisms of biological and psychological positivism?
Which of the following statements best reflects the criticisms of biological and psychological positivism?
Signup and view all the answers
What does Reckless' Containment Theory suggest is more influential in preventing deviant behavior?
What does Reckless' Containment Theory suggest is more influential in preventing deviant behavior?
Signup and view all the answers
According to Reckless' Containment Theory, outer containment is primarily about an individual's self-regulation.
According to Reckless' Containment Theory, outer containment is primarily about an individual's self-regulation.
Signup and view all the answers
What are the four elements of Hirschi's Social Bond?
What are the four elements of Hirschi's Social Bond?
Signup and view all the answers
Reckless' theory includes components of the self, such as a high sense of ______ and goal orientation.
Reckless' theory includes components of the self, such as a high sense of ______ and goal orientation.
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a neutralization technique?
Which of the following is NOT a neutralization technique?
Signup and view all the answers
Hirschi's Social Control Theory emphasizes the importance of social bonds in maintaining conformity.
Hirschi's Social Control Theory emphasizes the importance of social bonds in maintaining conformity.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following components of Reckless' Containment Theory with their descriptions:
Match the following components of Reckless' Containment Theory with their descriptions:
Signup and view all the answers
What term describes the process of suspending commitment to conventional values?
What term describes the process of suspending commitment to conventional values?
Signup and view all the answers
What is meant by 'net-widening' in the context of criminology?
What is meant by 'net-widening' in the context of criminology?
Signup and view all the answers
Cohen advocates for giving up on upstream prevention strategies.
Cohen advocates for giving up on upstream prevention strategies.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main focus of Cohen's 1988 article regarding criminology?
What is the main focus of Cohen's 1988 article regarding criminology?
Signup and view all the answers
Cohen suggests that understanding the physiology of the mosquito is not necessary before thinking about __________.
Cohen suggests that understanding the physiology of the mosquito is not necessary before thinking about __________.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following failures of criminology with their characteristics:
Match the following failures of criminology with their characteristics:
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best describes 'optimism' in Cohen's framework?
Which of the following best describes 'optimism' in Cohen's framework?
Signup and view all the answers
Cohen's article supports the idea that criminology has shown consistent progress without any setbacks.
Cohen's article supports the idea that criminology has shown consistent progress without any setbacks.
Signup and view all the answers
Identify one of the analytical strategies suggested for written answers on strengths and limitations.
Identify one of the analytical strategies suggested for written answers on strengths and limitations.
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Biological and Psychological Positivist Solutions
- Treatment focused on correcting differences, often with intrusive or harmful methods believed to help individuals adapt in society. Psychological counseling and surgeries were common.
- Experimental treatments led to harm and deaths.
- Mental health institutions expanded, separating individuals from families.
- Individuals were unaware of associated treatment risks, lack of consent.
- Rehabilitation programs were deemed more harmful and unethical.
Eugenics
- Aims to eliminate those with disabilities, mental or physical impairments.
- Racial groups were also targeted, suggesting their inferiority leading to forced sterilization procedures.
- Sterilization was performed on women to prevent them from giving birth.
- Certain populations were targeted for sterilization.
Assessment of Biological and Psychological Positivism
- Focuses on individual issues, ignoring broader societal factors.
- Overly deterministic, presuming choice and free will is unimportant in understanding behaviours.
- Does not account for situational factors, degrees of agency or freedom of choice.
- It isolates deviance inside individual rather than external contexts.
Cases and Critiques of Biological and Psychological Positivism
- Case of a student who killed their friends was identified as not criminally responsible with the use of this notion of risk, yet was placed in a wrong institution.
- Concerns of errors/misapplication in the use of such ideas.
- Case of Matthew de Grood – killing 5 young people. NCR (not criminally responsible) verdict.
- Misunderstandings and bias in judicial systems.
21st Century Controversies- NCR
- Mathew de Grood - NCR verdict was controversial for the victims’ families.
- Concerns for proper balance of understanding, accountability and support for victims were raised.
Coerced Sterilizations (past and present)
- Leilani Muir underwent forced sterilization in the 21st century.
- 2022 Senate report seeks to criminalize such practices.
Lecture 2 Notes: Social Control Theories, UN Convention on the Rights of the Child
- First hour of the examination focuses on lectures.
- The second half of exam covers lectures after midterm 2.
- The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child – children's protections regarding criminal procedures (diversion of procedures, alternatives to institutionalization).
1960s Positivist Values and Rules
- Emphasizes socialization.
- Questions conformity and deviance, as it explores the process of people conforming or breaking societal rules.
- Questions the reasoning and perspectives of societal norms.
- Examines conflict between understanding society as a whole and individual actions.
Reckless's Containment Theory
- Examines internal and external factors that influence a person's self-control and deviations in behavior.
- Self-control and conformity within the individual and within the interactions and bonds with society are key.
Hirschi's Social Control Theory
- Explores commitment, involvement, attachment, and belief to explain conformity to social norms and laws.
Positivist Theories in Sociology, Determinism vs. Drift
- There is a continuum between freedom and constraints on behaviours.
- Positivist theories focus on how factors limit human choice and behaviour.
- A more recent perspective considers a spectrum of choices and societal factors, drifting between freedom and constraint, affecting individuals.
Criticisms of Sociological Positivism
- Repetitive and reactive to existing and societal norms.
- Tends to reinforce status quo.
- Does not focus critically on structural inequalities.
- Neglects the implications of power imbalances in society.
Positivist Criminology: Labeling and Critical Lens
- Focuses on how societal reaction to crime and labelling shapes criminal behavior.
- Understands that ‘deviance’ is not inherent but rather a social construct.
- Critiques positivist approaches for ignoring societal factors that contribute to inequality and discrimination.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Explore the historical approaches of biological and psychological positivism, including their treatment methods and ethical implications. This quiz delves into the dark legacy of eugenics, focusing on the treatment of individuals with disabilities and the impact of mental health institutions. Understand the consequences of these ideologies on society and individual rights.
