Psychology: Amygdala and Emotional Memories
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Questions and Answers

What is the role of the amygdala in acquiring and retaining emotional memories?

  • Recalling memories from the frontal cortex (correct)
  • Storing memories directly within its structure
  • Influencing the mesolimbic DA system
  • Evaluating fear and avoidance responses

What is a demonstration of the role of the amygdala in seeking pleasure?

  • The association of a sound or light with pressing a lever and receiving cocaine (correct)
  • The association of a sound or light with pressing a lever and receiving food
  • The association of a sound or light with pressing a lever and receiving caffeine
  • The association of a sound or light with pressing a lever and receiving water

What happens when a rat without an amygdala is stimulated with the conditioned sound or light?

  • It will behave unpredictably
  • It will continue pressing the lever as before
  • It will press the lever more frequently
  • It will stop pressing the lever (correct)

What is the relationship between the amygdala and the mesolimbic DA system?

<p>The amygdala enhances the activity of the mesolimbic DA system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of dopamine (DA) according to the text?

<p>Activating energy for pursuing goals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a simple definition of an addiction, according to the text?

<p>Continued pursuit of a substance or activity despite negative consequences. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect do opioids, alcohol, and phencyclidine (PCP) have on the mesolimbic pathway?

<p>They suppress the inhibitory neurons that modulate the NAc and VTA. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to rats deficient in dopamine when presented with palatable food?

<p>They refuse to eat even in the presence of palatable food. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between accumulating money and enjoying it, as per the text?

<p>Accumulating money feels good but enjoying it does not. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one common effect of drugs of abuse on the mesolimbic pathway, as mentioned in the text?

<p>Overwhelming and fundamentally altering neurons with supraphysiologic neurotransmitter levels. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of amphetamine and cocaine on the number of dendritic spines on pyramidal cells, as described in the text?

<p>Increase the number of spines (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of morphine on the number of dendritic spines on pyramidal cells, as discussed in the text?

<p>Decrease the number of spines (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the text, what lasting changes do drugs induce in the brain?

<p>Alteration of synaptic connectivity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

From the text, what is the role of dendritic spines on pyramidal cells?

<p>They receive input from other neurons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main finding from Robinson et al.'s experiments regarding the effects of drugs on pyramidal neurons?

<p>Different drugs have different effects on the number of dendritic spines (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What molecular changes contribute to the long-term plasticity of addiction in the Nucleus Accumbens?

<p>Activation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element–binding protein (CREB) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the reasons drug users may need to take more of their substance to get the same effect?

<p>Activation of δ-FosB in the cells of the Nucleus Accumbens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What could explain the lasting effects of drug abuse even after drugs have been stopped?

<p>Accumulation and stability of δ-FosB in the cells of the Nucleus Accumbens (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What mediates the effects of stress on the mesolimbic DA system, in part through the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis?

<p>Cortisol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is believed to be responsible for the depression and anhedonia felt by addicts when unable to get drugs?

<p>Cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element–binding protein (CREB) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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