Psychologists Board of Australia

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Questions and Answers

Who is responsible for regulating the practice of psychology and protecting the public in Australia?

Psychologists Registration Board of Australia (correct)

Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency

Australian Psychological Association

Department of Health and Human Services

Which law established the Psychologists Registration Board of Australia?

Health Practitioner Regulation National Law Act 2009 (correct)

Psychology Regulation Act 2009

Mental Health Services Act 2010

Healthcare Providers Regulation Law 2009

What does the Psychologists Board of Australia do?

Regulates who can call themselves a psychologist

Specifies what people have to do to become and stay a psychologist

Manages and regulates what happens if a member of the public makes a complaint about a psychologist

All of the above (correct)

Which current trend in psychological practice emphasizes the use of research findings and validated procedures?

Evidence-based practice Signup and view all the answers

What are 'Clinical Practice Guidelines' in psychology based on?

Research findings and empirical evidence Signup and view all the answers

According to the APS Code of Ethics, what should psychologists consider when scoring and interpreting psychological assessment data?

Valid procedures and research findings Signup and view all the answers

Which factor should guide the selection of assessment and intervention techniques in psychological practice?

The amount, nature, and quality of empirical support Signup and view all the answers

According to the Australian Psychological Association Code of Ethics, which principle emphasizes the need for psychologists to obtain informed consent?

Respect for the rights and dignity of people and peoples Signup and view all the answers

Which principle in the Australian Psychological Association Code of Ethics emphasizes the importance of psychologists working to protect the interests of those they work with?

Propriety Signup and view all the answers

Which ethical principle in the Australian Psychological Association Code of Ethics emphasizes the importance of providing services that help and not harm individuals?

Propriety Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best represents the 'Propriety' principle in the Australian Psychological Association Code of Ethics?

Seeking personal gain through professional relationships Signup and view all the answers

According to the 'Integrity' principle, psychologists should

Avoid conflicts of interest and dual relationships Signup and view all the answers

What are the three principles that support the spine of psychologists' thinking of ethical practice?

Propriety, Integrity, and Respect Signup and view all the answers

Under what circumstances can psychologists disclose confidential information?

When there is an immediate and specified risk of harm to an identified person or persons that can be averted only by disclosing information Signup and view all the answers

According to the principle of confidentiality, psychologists may disclose confidential information when:

The client or client's legal representative consents. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a requirement for therapists to warn about a specific threat?

If there is an immediate and specified risk of harm to an identifiable person or persons that can be averted only by disclosing information Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a concern raised about civil commitment?

The role of the judicial system in mental health issues Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of civil commitment?

To provide involuntary psychiatric care to individuals in need Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes civil commitment in mental health care?

The process of involuntarily committing individuals to psychiatric care when they are at risk of harm or unable to care for themselves due to a mental health issue. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following criteria have historically been used for civil commitment?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

In which ways have the criteria for civil commitment been interpreted differently?

In looser or stricter ways in various countries/states Signup and view all the answers

During which decade did the deinstitutionalization movement primarily occur, leading to the downsizing or closure of state mental hospitals?

1960s Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT a reason for the deinstitutionalization movement in the 1960s?

Desire to establish more state hospitals Signup and view all the answers

During which time period was it easier to involuntarily hospitalize someone?

Late 19th century Signup and view all the answers

Why did the deinstitutionalization movement in the 1960s desire to integrate mentally ill individuals into the community?

To provide better treatment as outpatients Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the outcomes of the deinstitutionalization movement in the 1960s?

Closing state hospitals or downsizing Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a consequence of inadequate funding for outpatient and community-based treatment?

Increase in institutionalization Signup and view all the answers

Where did many severely mentally ill individuals end up as a result of deinstitutionalization?

Jails, prisons, and nursing homes Signup and view all the answers

What is the current trend in the USA regarding commitment procedures for mentally ill individuals?

Easier commitment procedures Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary concern when determining competency to stand trial?

Current state of sanity during the trial Signup and view all the answers

Who ultimately decides whether a defendant is competent to stand trial?

The judge Signup and view all the answers

If a defendant is found not competent to stand trial, what may the court order to help restore their competency?

Treatment for restoration to competency, with re-evaluations to monitor progress Signup and view all the answers

Regarding the treatment for restoration to competency, what happens if the treatment is indefinite and the person doesn't become competent?

The charges are dropped after a specific length of time Signup and view all the answers

In the case of Pate v. Robinson (1966), what did the Supreme Court rule regarding the trial of an incompetent defendant?

The trial of an incompetent defendant is unconstitutional and violates their rights. Signup and view all the answers

According to Dusky v. US (1960), what is the key criterion for determining a defendant's competency to stand trial?

The defendant's ability to consult with their attorney and understand court proceedings Signup and view all the answers

In R vs. Presser (1958), what are some of the essential components that indicate a defendant's competency to stand trial?

The defendant's understanding of the charges, the court proceedings, and the ability to challenge jurors Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, what is the primary consideration when determining whether a defendant is 'criminally responsible' for their actions?

The defendant's state of mind at the time of the crime due to mental illness or abnormality Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, can voluntary alcohol and/or drug intoxication typically be used as a basis for an insanity defense?

It depends on the specific jurisdiction's laws Signup and view all the answers

According to the M'Naghten test, what are the two elements that determine a defendant's state of mind at the time of the offense?

Whether the defendant knew the nature and quality of the act and whether they knew it was wrong Signup and view all the answers

According to the American Law Institute test, what two aspects of a defendant's mental state are considered to determine insanity?

Their appreciation of the wrongfulness of the conduct and their conformity to the requirements of law Signup and view all the answers

Which test is used in about 30% of states in the USA to determine insanity in criminal cases?

The M'Naghten test Signup and view all the answers

Which test is used in about 50% of states in the USA to determine insanity in criminal cases?

The American Law Institute test Signup and view all the answers

According to the 'irresistible impulse' test for insanity defense, what does mental illness impair?

A person's ability to restrain an impulse that led to criminal behavior Signup and view all the answers

In determining insanity in a legal context, what does the 'product test' focus on?

Whether the behavior was a product of mental illness Signup and view all the answers

In some states in the USA, what alternative verdict has been substituted for the insanity defense?

'Guilty but mentally ill' Signup and view all the answers

Following an adjudication of Not Guilty by Reason of Insanity (NGRI), what is the most common outcome?

Commitment to inpatient hospitalization Signup and view all the answers

Primary reason for evaluating NGRI acquittees for Continuation of Confinement?

To decide whether they should be conditionally or unconditionally released Signup and view all the answers

If an NGRI acquittee is still considered in need of inpatient treatment, how often are they typically re-evaluated for potential conditional or unconditional release?

Regularly, such as annually Signup and view all the answers

According to Section 27 of the WA Criminal Code, when is a person not criminally responsible for an act or omission due to unsoundness of mind?

When they are in a state of mental impairment that deprives them of the capacity to understand what they are doing, control their actions, or know they ought not to do the act or make the omission Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Regulation of Psychology in Australia

The Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA) is responsible for regulating the practice of psychology and protecting the public in Australia.
The Health Practitioner Regulation National Law Act established the Psychologists Registration Board of Australia.
The Psychologists Board of Australia is responsible for registering and regulating psychologists, setting standards, and handling complaints.

Evidence-Based Practice in Psychology

The current trend in psychological practice emphasizes the use of research findings and validated procedures.
Clinical Practice Guidelines in psychology are based on the best available evidence.

Ethical Principles in Psychology

The APS Code of Ethics emphasizes the need for psychologists to obtain informed consent from clients.
The principle of beneficence emphasizes the importance of providing services that help and not harm individuals.
The principle of integrity emphasizes the importance of psychologists working to protect the interests of those they work with.
The principle of propriety emphasizes the importance of respecting clients' autonomy and dignity.

Confidentiality and Disclosure

The principle of confidentiality emphasizes the importance of maintaining confidentiality except in certain circumstances.
Psychologists may disclose confidential information when there is a serious threat to the client or others.
The three principles that support the spine of psychologists' thinking of ethical practice are respect, competence, and responsibility.

Civil Commitment

The purpose of civil commitment is to protect individuals and others from harm.
Civil commitment involves the involuntary hospitalization of individuals who are a risk to themselves or others.
The criteria for civil commitment have historically been based on the individual's ability to care for themselves or pose a risk to others.
The criteria for civil commitment have been interpreted differently over time and vary across jurisdictions.

Deinstitutionalization

The deinstitutionalization movement primarily occurred in the 1960s, leading to the downsizing or closure of state mental hospitals.
The movement aimed to integrate mentally ill individuals into the community.
One of the outcomes of the deinstitutionalization movement was the lack of adequate funding for outpatient and community-based treatment.
Many severely mentally ill individuals ended up in prisons, jails, and shelters as a result of deinstitutionalization.

Competency to Stand Trial

The primary concern when determining competency to stand trial is whether the defendant can understand the proceedings and assist in their defense.
The court ultimately decides whether a defendant is competent to stand trial.
If a defendant is found not competent to stand trial, the court may order treatment to help restore their competency.

Insanity Defense

The primary consideration when determining whether a defendant is 'criminally responsible' for their actions is their mental state at the time of the offense.
The M'Naghten test determines a defendant's state of mind at the time of the offense based on whether they knew what they were doing and whether it was wrong.
The American Law Institute test considers whether the defendant lacked substantial capacity to appreciate the wrongfulness of their actions.
The 'irresistible impulse' test focuses on whether mental illness impairs the defendant's ability to control their behavior.

Insanity Verdict and Treatment

Following an adjudication of Not Guilty by Reason of Insanity (NGRI), the most common outcome is commitment to a psychiatric hospital for treatment.
NGRI acquittees are typically re-evaluated for potential conditional or unconditional release every 6-12 months.
The primary reason for evaluating NGRI acquittees for Continuation of Confinement is to ensure they are still a risk to themselves or others.

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