Psychological Violence and Protection Orders

Forms of Violence

• Prostituting the woman or her child
• Psychological violence: causing mental and emotional pain, including harassment, stalking, damage to property, and public ridicule or humiliation
• Economic violence: making or attempting to make a woman financially dependent, including depriving her of financial support, preventing her from engaging in a legitimate profession or business, controlling her money or property, and controlling common money or conjugal property

Protection Order

• An order issued to prevent or safeguard further acts of violence against a woman or her child
• Minimizes disruption in the victim's daily life and facilitates the opportunity for the victim to independently regain control over her life
• Kinds of Protection Orders:
  • Barangay Protection Order (BPO): issued by the Punong Barangay or Barangay Kagawad, ordering the perpetrator to desist from causing or threatening to cause physical harm or bodily injury
  • Temporary Protection Order (TPO): effective for 30 days, issued by the court
  • Permanent Protection Order (PPO): effective anywhere in the Philippines, issued by the court after notice and hearing

Confidentiality Rule

• All records pertaining to cases of VAWC (Violence Against Women and Children) are confidential
• Public officers and employees, and public and private clinics or hospitals, shall respect the right to privacy of the victim
• Publishing or causing to be published the name, address, telephone number, school, business address, employer, or other identifying information of a victim or an immediate family member without consent is liable to the contempt power of the court

Gender and Education

• Gender: a social construct that impacts attitudes, roles, responsibilities, and behavioral patterns
• Gender bias: preference towards one gender over the other, making assumptions about behaviors, abilities, and roles based on gender
• Gender bias in school: train curriculum developers, textbook writers, administrators, managers, and teachers in classroom gender dynamics to integrate students who have been marginalized
• Interventions:
  • Train teachers in inclusive teaching practices
  • Include life skills programs for boys and girls to talk about gender roles and provide positive images of masculinity and femininity

Gender Equality Framework

• Equality of Access: girls and boys are offered equitable opportunities to access careers, academic qualifications, and diplomas
• Equality of Educational Outcomes: girls and boys enjoy equal opportunities to achieve and outcomes are based on individual talents and efforts

Empowerment Approach

• Aim: to increase the self-reliance of women and influence change at the policy, legislative, societal, economic, and other levels to their advantage
• Main strategy: awareness-raising and situating women firmly as active participants in ensuring change takes place

Gender and Development (GAD)

• Emerged in the 1980s as an alternative to the earlier WID (Women in Development) focus
• Focuses on the development of income-generating activities without taking into account the time burdens that such strategies place on women