Psychological Testing and Assessment Basics

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following requires technician-like skills in terms of administration and scoring?

  • Psychological assessment
  • Collaborative assessment
  • Psychological testing (correct)
  • Therapeutic assessment

What does psychological assessment primarily aim to do?

  • Answer referral questions (correct)
  • Quantify behavior numerically
  • Standardize test administration
  • Provide therapy

In which type of evaluation the assessment occurs while the subject is in their typical environment?

  • Retrospective
  • Educational
  • Remote
  • Ecological Momentary (correct)

Which type of assessment encourages therapeutic self-discovery?

<p>Therapeutic assessment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect primarily defines a psychological test?

<p>Its content, format, and administration procedures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of non-standardized interviews?

<p>To pursue relevant ideas in depth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If an employment interviewer wants to ascertain if a candidate is suitable for a job, what kind of interview is being conducted?

<p>Employment Interview (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following assessment types focuses on a client's records, transcripts, and accounts?

<p>Case History Data (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus when determining the need to use tests or assessment?

<p>The referral question. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In psychological assessment, what does a profile typically provide?

<p>A narrative description using graph, table, or other representations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which level of interpretation is characterized by minimal concern with underlying constructs?

<p>Level I (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of Level III interpretation in psychological assessment?

<p>Developing a coherent theory of the individual life (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do test reviewers play in psychological assessment?

<p>Preparing evaluative critiques (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of test batteries in psychological assessment?

<p>To measure different variables with a shared objective (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of psychological traits?

<p>They are relatively enduring and distinguishable ways one varies from another. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a construct in the context of psychological testing?

<p>A scientific concept developed to explain behavior (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What influences how a trait manifests itself in observable behavior?

<p>The strength of the trait, the nature of the action, and the situation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes "cumulative scoring"?

<p>The more you get right, the more you are presumed to be on the targeted ability or trait. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What assumption is being understood when test users consider that such tests yield only a sample of the behavior that can be expected to be emitted under nontest conditions?

<p>Test Related Behavior predicts Non-Test-Related Behavior (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important when using tests to understand and appreciate their limitations?

<p>To use them effectively and compensate for weaknesses with other sources (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Classical Test Theory, what is the relationship between the observed score, true score and error?

<p>Observed score is the sum of true score and error. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of test reliability, what happens to reliability as the number of items increases?

<p>Reliability increases. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are factors that contribute to inconsistency affecting the scores on a test?

<p>Characteristics of administration circumstances, individual, test, or situation unrelated to the attribute being measured (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which concept is useful in describing sources of test score variability?

<p>Variance. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of test error is caused by unpredictable fluctuations and inconsistencies in the measurement process, such as noise or temperature?

<p>Random Error. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does reliability refer to in regards to true variance?

<p>Proportion of total variance attributed to true variance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In test-retest reliability, what is likely to happen as the time interval between tests increases?

<p>The reliability coefficient would be insignificant. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Carryover Effect in test reliability?

<p>The second test is influenced by the first test. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be done, to avoid carryover effects in parallel forms use?

<p>Counterbalancing. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For a test examining internal consistency, when a test is administered and has consistency among items within the test what is being measured?

<p>Administered once (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Homogeneity indicate if a test contains items?

<p>Contains items that measure a single trait(unifactorial) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statistics is used for inter-item consistency when there's dichotomous items?

<p>KR-20 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Split-Half reliability, which of the following is not true about when it can be utilized?

<p>Divide items in the middle because it can spuriously raise or lower reliability (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should reliability be tested for?

<p>Homogeneity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the error that the degree or agreement or consistency between two or more scorers?

<p>Observer Differences (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the variance of some variable decreases, what happens to Restriction of range?

<p>Correlation coefficient tends to be lower (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should reliability be based on performance for speed tests?

<p>Test-retest and alternate forms or split half-reliability (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The estimates on the extent to which specific sources of variation under defined conditions are contributing to the test scores?

<p>Domain Sampling Theory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary things developers examine when making a decision study?

<p>The usefulness of score in helping test users. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are polytomous?

<p>More than two alternatives responses. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following has a lower SEM?

<p>Higher Reliability. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The degree to which the effects of cultural aspects influence and alter a test are considered which of the following?

<p>Cultural Loading (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Psychological Testing

Measuring psychology-related variables by devices or procedures.

Psychological Assessment

Gathering data for psychological evaluation, answering referral questions.

Ecological Momentary Assessment

Evaluation of specific problems at the time and place they occur.

Collaborative Assessment

Assessor and assessee are considered partners in the evaluation process.

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Therapeutic Assessment

Encourages therapeutic self-discovery and new understanding.

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Dynamic Assessment

Evaluation > intervention > evaluation model

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Psychological Test

Device to measure variable related to psychology.

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Item

A specific stimulus to which response is scored or evaluated.

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Score

Code/statement that reflects evaluation of test performance.

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Scoring

Process of assigning scores to performances.

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Cut Score

Reference used to divide data into classifications.

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Psychometric Soundness

Technical quality of a test.

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Psychometrics

Science of psychological measurement.

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Psychometrist/Psychometrician

Professional who uses, analyzes, interprets psychological data.

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Ability/Maximal Performance Test

Assess what a person can do.

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Aptitude

Tends to focus on informal learning.

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Typical Performance Test

Measures usual or habitual thoughts, feelings, behavior.

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Personality Test

Measures individual dispositions and preferences.

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Structured Personality Tests

Provide statement, usually self-report.

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Projective Personality Tests

Unstructured; The stimulus or response are ambiguous.

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Speed Tests

The interest is the number of times a test taker can answer correctly.

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Power Tests

Reflects the level of difficulty of items the test taker answer correctly.

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Interview

Method of gathering information through direct communication.

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Standardized/Structured Interview

Questions are prepared.

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Non-standardized/Unstructured Interview

Pursue relevant ideas in depth.

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Mental Status Examination

Determine patient's mental status.

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Intake Interview

Determine why the client came for assessment.

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Employment Interview

Determine whether the candidate is suitable for hiring.

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Panel (Board) Interview

More than one interviewer participates.

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Motivational Interview

Used to address some problematic behavior.

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Portfolio

Samples of one's ability/accomplishment.

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Case History Data

Preserves official/informal accounts relevant to assessee.

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Behavioral Observation

Observers record quantitative/qualitative information regarding actions.

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Naturalistic Observation

Observe humans in natural setting.

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Role Play

Acting an improvised/partially improvised part.

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Trait

Any distinguishable, relatively enduring trait pattern.

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Overt Behavior

An observable action or the product of an observable action.

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Study Notes

Psychology Assessment

  • Psychometric Properties can be used in constructing, selecting, and interpreting tests.
  • Psychological Testing measures psychology-related variables via devices or procedures to obtain a sample of behavior
  • Psychological Testing is numerical.
  • Psychological Testing can be individual or in a group.
  • With Psychological Testing administrators are interchangeable without affecting evaluation.
  • Psychological Testing requires technician-like skills for administration and scoring.
  • Psychological Testing yields a test score or series of scores.
  • Psychological Testing takes a few hours or minutes.
  • Psychological Assessment gathers and integrates psychology-related data for psychological evaluation.
  • Psychological Assessment answers referral questions using different evaluation tools.
  • Psychological Assessment is individualized.
  • In Psychological Assessment the assessor is key to selecting tests and/or other tools.
  • Psychological Assessment requires educated selection of tools, skill in evaluation, thoughtful organization, and data integration.
  • Psychological Assessment entails logical problem-solving, using many data sources to answer the referral question.
  • Educational Psychological Assessment evaluates abilities and skills relevant to school context.
  • Retrospective Psychological Assessment draws conclusions about a person's psychological aspects as they existed in the past.
  • Remote Psychological Assessment is when the subject is not physically near the evaluator.
  • Ecological Momentary Assessment evaluates specific problems and related cognitive/behavioral variables in real-time and location.
  • Collaborative Assessment involves the assessor and assessee working as "partners" from initial contact through the final feedback.
  • Therapeutic Assessment encourages therapeutic self-discovery and new understanding.
  • Dynamic Assessment is an interactive approach of evaluation, intervention, and then evaluation again.
  • Psychological Tests are devices or procedures that measure variables related to psychology.
  • Content is the subject matter within a psychological test.
  • Format is the form, plan, structure, or arrangement of a psychological test.
  • An item is a specific stimulus to which a person responds, and that response is scored or evaluated.
  • Administration Procedures can be one-on-one or group.
  • A score is a code or summary of a statement.
  • a Score is numerical and reflects an evaluation of performance.
  • Scoring is the process of assigning scores to performances.
  • A cut-score is a reference point derived by judgement, used to divide data into classifications.
  • Psychometric Soundness refers to the technical quality of a test
  • Psychometrics is the science of psychological measurement.
  • A Psychometrist or Psychometrician is a professional who uses, analyzes, and interprets psychological data.

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