Psychological Test Interpretation and Integration
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Questions and Answers

What was the primary goal behind the development of psychological tests?

  • To measure intelligence and mechanical skills accurately
  • To provide a global yet definitive description of a person using purely objective methods (correct)
  • To emphasize the input of the clinician in assessment procedures
  • To assess individual differences based on behavioral observations

    • What did the objective psychometric approach emphasize as most appropriately applicable?

  • Complex personality variables that need historical validation
  • Personality traits such as dependence, authoritarianism, or anxiety
  • Evaluation of problems in living (coping, resolving interpersonal relationships)
  • Ability tests such as those measuring intelligence or mechanical skills (correct)

    • What would be questionable when using the purely objective psychometric approach for the evaluation of problems in living?

  • The interpretation should be provided by the psychometrist
  • The usefulness decreases when users attempt to assess personality traits
  • Scores need to be connected to each other and to the context in which they emerge (correct)
  • Highly standardized and machine-scored tests are preferred

    • What is the central role of the clinician performing psychological assessment according to the text?

    <p>Expert in human behavior dealing with complex processes and understanding test scores in the context of a person's life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should clinicians be familiar with related to measurement and clinical practice based on the text?

    <p>Descriptive statistics, reliability, and measurement error</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary emphasis of the Handbook of Psychological Assessment?

    <p>Assessing areas of practical use in a clinical context</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the sixth edition, what changes have been made to the treatment planning and clinical decision making chapter?

    <p>It has been expanded and updated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is the sixth edition of the Handbook of Psychological Assessment dedicated to?

    <p>Gary's parents and Jordan's family</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most significant change made in the sixth edition of the Handbook of Psychological Assessment?

    <p>Greater emphasis on consumer orientation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect has been updated in the psychological report writing chapter in the sixth edition?

    <p>Current thinking of professional associations about proficiency in personality assessment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if expert assistance is required?

    <p>Seek assistance from a competent professional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What approach does the Handbook of Psychological Assessment take in presenting theoretical information?

    <p>It minimizes theoretical discussion and emphasizes practical research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary limitation of assessment?

    <p>Incorrect handling of data and lack of integration with other sources of information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of the Handbook of Psychological Assessment?

    <p>Developing practitioner competence with relevant, practical research and theoretical information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of the Handbook's content?

    <p>Clinical assessment in practice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is reflected in suggestions for using everyday language in reports according to the text?

    <p>Connection of interpretations to actual client behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is highlighted as a crucial skill that readers are expected to develop?

    <p>Realistic appreciation of the assets and limitations of assessment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central organizational plan for the Handbook of Psychological Assessment?

    <p>Replicating the sequence of evaluation procedures followed by practitioners</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should psychologists be able to create based on the guidelines provided in the text?

    <p>Reports that are accurate, effective, concise, and highly valued</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three major strategies of assessment mentioned in the text?

    <p>Interviewing, observing behavior, and psychological testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of Chapters 5 through 13 in the text?

    <p>Overview of the most frequently used psychological tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a notable early success of group measurements of intelligence tests?

    <p>They were relatively high in producing true positives for classification purposes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the reasons for the early expectation that all assessments could be performed using the same method?

    <p>Success of early intelligence tests in producing accurate predictions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of behavioral assessment according to the text?

    <p>It might involve a variety of strategies such as measurement of overt behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is recommended for gaining initial familiarity with psychological tests in the text?

    <p>Carefully reading the initial sections and then skimming through the interpretation sections quickly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chapter includes additional sections on estimating premorbid IQ and assessing special populations?

    <p>Chapter 5: Wechsler Intelligence Scales</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do psychologists need to fully understand before selecting different assessment strategies according to the text?

    <p>Preliminary issues discussed in Chapter 1 and Chapter 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the disclaimer in the text, what does the publisher and author disclaim?

    <p>Implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of damages is the publisher and author not liable for according to the text?

    <p>Special, incidental, consequential, or other damages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should readers be aware of regarding Internet Web sites offered as citations and/or sources for further information according to the text?

    <p>The sites may have changed or disappeared between the time this was written and when it is read</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary emphasis of the disclaimer in the text?

    <p>Limiting the liability of the publisher and author</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the disclaimer, what does the publisher emphasize that readers should do?

    <p>Consult with a professional where appropriate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are readers expected to understand based on the disclaimer in the text?

    <p>&quot;The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of clinicians according to the approach in the book?

    <p>To integrate test data into a relevant description of the person</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main emphasis of the Handbook of Psychological Assessment?

    <p>Creating clear, specific, and reasonable recommendations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the description of the person take into account according to the book's approach?

    <p>The complexity of social environment and personal history</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT merely the goal when developing recommendations based on the book's approach?

    <p>To describe the person comprehensively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is emphasized as crucial in the book that readers are expected to develop?

    <p>Creating clear, specific, and reasonable recommendations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be taken into consideration when integrating test data into a relevant description of the person according to the approach in the book?

    <p>Social environment, personal history, and behavioral observations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal behind the development of psychological tests?

    <p>To create a global yet definitive description for the person using purely objective methods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What approach is most appropriately applicable to ability tests such as those measuring intelligence or mechanical skills?

    <p>The objective psychometric approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is reflected in suggestions for using everyday language in reports according to the text?

    <p>Use of simple, everyday language for clarity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is highlighted as a crucial skill that readers are expected to develop based on the text?

    <p>Critical thinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should clinicians be familiar with related to measurement and clinical practice based on the text?

    <p>Basic knowledge related to measurement and clinical practice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What approach does the Handbook of Psychological Assessment take in presenting theoretical information?

    <p>In-depth and comprehensive approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the concepts assumed to be one of the best ways to describe the differences among individuals according to the text?

    <p>'Developing a relevant taxonomy of traits' and then creating tests to measure those traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should psychologists be able to create based on the guidelines provided in the text?

    <p>'An integrated knowledge' related to measurement, clinical practice, and interpretation of test results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Clinical assessment is individually oriented, but it always considers social existence," according to Woody (1980). What is usually the objective of clinical assessment?

    <p>'To help the person solve problems'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Scores need to be connected to each other and to the context in which they emerge." What type of assessment situation is being referred to in this statement?

    <p>&quot;Assessment involving a particular problem situation having to do with a specific individual&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary emphasis of the Handbook of Psychological Assessment?

    <p>Assessing areas that are of practical use in evaluating individuals in a clinical context</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of the Handbook of Psychological Assessment?

    <p>To assist students with all phases of psychological assessment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central role of the clinician performing psychological assessment according to the text?

    <p>To conduct integrated psychological assessments using everyday language in reports</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is reflected in suggestions for using everyday language in reports according to the text?

    <p>Greater emphasis on making assessment more user friendly and consumer oriented</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What approach does the Handbook of Psychological Assessment take in presenting theoretical information?

    <p>Emphasizing practical application and keeping theoretical discussion to a minimum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should psychologists be able to create based on the guidelines provided in the text?

    <p>An appreciation of the assets and limitations of assessment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of the Handbook's content?

    <p>Assessing areas that are of practical use in evaluating individuals in a clinical context</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal behind the development of psychological tests?

    <p>To measure intelligence and personality traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is recommended for gaining initial familiarity with psychological tests in the text?

    <p>'Use with Diverse Groups' and strategies for wording interpretations likely to enhance client growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the reasons for the early expectation that all assessments could be performed using the same method?

    <p>'Use with Diverse Groups' and connecting interpretations to actual client behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a notable early success of group measurements of intelligence tests?

    <p>Use with diverse groups effectively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central focus of the Handbook of Psychological Assessment?

    <p>Providing guidelines for integrating and presenting data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three major strategies of assessment mentioned in the text?

    <p>Interviewing, observing behavior, and psychological testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a notable early success of group measurements of intelligence tests according to the text?

    <p>Producing a high number of true positives for classification purposes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary limitation of assessment according to the text?

    <p>Possible interviewer bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be taken into consideration when integrating test data into a relevant description of the person according to the approach in the book?

    <p>Ethical guidelines and working with diverse backgrounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is emphasized as a crucial skill that readers are expected to develop?

    <p>Appreciating issues, concerns, terminology, and likely roles of persons from different contexts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should psychologists be able to create based on the guidelines provided in the text?

    <p>Accurate and effective reports</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is recommended for gaining initial familiarity with psychological tests in the text?

    <p>Carefully reading the initial sections and then skimming through the interpretation sections quickly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is reflected in suggestions for using everyday language in reports according to the text?

    <p>Creating reports that are accurate, effective, concise, and highly valued by recipients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the reasons for the early expectation that all assessments could be performed using the same method?

    <p>The objective nature of data-oriented intelligence tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should clinicians be familiar with related to measurement and clinical practice based on the text?

    <p>Recognizing issues related to computer-assisted assessment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary emphasis of the Handbook of Psychological Assessment?

    <p>Developing clear and specific recommendations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary limitation of assessment according to the text?

    <p>Complexity of social environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should psychologists be able to create based on the guidelines provided in the text?

    <p>Relevant answers to specific questions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a notable early success of group measurements of intelligence tests according to the text?

    <p>Enhanced understanding of individual differences in intelligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is emphasized as crucial in the book that readers are expected to develop?

    <p>Clear, specific, and reasonable recommendations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Clinical assessment is individually oriented, but it always considers social existence," according to Woody (1980). What is usually the objective of clinical assessment?

    <p>To develop relevant answers to specific questions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the publisher and author not liable for according to the text?

    <p>Loss of profit and any other commercial damages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the disclaimer emphasize that readers should do?

    <p>Not rely solely on the information in the book for their situation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of assessment situation is being referred to in the statement 'Scores need to be connected to each other and to the context in which they emerge'?

    <p>Psychological assessment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are readers expected to understand based on the disclaimer in the text?

    <p>The publisher makes no representations or warranties about the book's accuracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should clinicians be familiar with related to measurement and clinical practice based on the text?

    <p>Connecting scores to each other and to the context in which they emerge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect has been updated in the psychological report writing chapter in the sixth edition?

    <p>Recommendations for using everyday language in reports</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the Handbook of Psychological Assessment?

    <p>Developing a high level of practitioner competence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of the Handbook of Psychological Assessment?

    <p>To conduct an integrated psychological assessment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should psychologists be able to create based on the guidelines provided in the text?

    <p>Integrated psychological assessments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is reflected in suggestions for using everyday language in reports according to the text?

    <p>Making assessment reports user-friendly and consumer-oriented</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is highlighted as a crucial skill that readers are expected to develop based on the text?

    <p>A realistic appreciation of the assets and limitations of assessment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are readers expected to understand based on the disclaimer in the text?

    <p>The need for expert assistance in various professional fields</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the disclaimer, what does the publisher emphasize that readers should do?

    <p>Seek assistance from a competent professional if needed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of psychological assessment according to the text?

    <p>Creating a global yet definitive description of the individual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is emphasized as a crucial skill that readers are expected to develop based on the text?

    <p>Integrating knowledge into the interpretation of test results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of assessment situation is being referred to in the statement 'Scores need to be connected to each other and to the context in which they emerge'?

    <p>Assessment of personality variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is reflected in suggestions for using everyday language in reports according to the text?

    <p>Use of clear and straightforward language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary limitation of assessment according to the text?

    <p>Complexity in connecting scores to context</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What approach is most appropriately applicable to ability tests such as those measuring intelligence or mechanical skills?

    <p>Objective psychometric approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a notable early success of group measurements of intelligence tests according to the text?

    <p>Producing normed scores for interpretation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should psychologists be able to create based on the guidelines provided in the text?

    <p>A relevant description of the person</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are readers expected to understand based on the disclaimer in the text?

    <p>The primary emphasis of the Handbook of Psychological Assessment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a notable early success of group measurements of intelligence tests?

    <p>Developing normed scores for interpretation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is reflected in suggestions for using everyday language in reports according to the text?

    <p>Use of clear and straightforward language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What approach does the Handbook of Psychological Assessment take in presenting theoretical information?

    <p>Objective psychometric approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Psikolojik değerlendirmenin temel vurgusu nedir?

    <p>Erken dönemde tüm değerlendirmelerin aynı yöntemle gerçekleştirilebileceği beklentisinin sebepleri nelerdir?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    El kitabı, psikolojik değerlendirme konusunda hangi temel kısıtlamayı vurgulamaktadır?

    <p>Değerlendirme durumunda puanların birbirine ve ortaya çıktıkları bağlama bağlı olması gerekmektedir.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    El kitabı, okuyucuların hangi konuda temel bir beceri geliştirmelerini beklemektedir?

    <p>Psikologların hangi rehberlikler doğrultusunda ne yaratmaları gerekmektedir?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Psikolojik değerlendirmenin temel amacı nedir?

    <p>Bireyler arasındaki farklılıkları tanımlamak</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hangisi psikolojik testlerin günlük dilde kullanımı için önerildiği konulardan biridir?

    <p>Herkesin anlayabileceği basit bir dil kullanmak</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hangisi psikolojik değerlendirme sürecinin birincil odak noktasıdır?

    <p>Bireysel farklılıkları anlamak</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of psychology as an academic discipline?

    <p>Understanding the behavior of individuals and groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal behind the development of psychological tests?

    <p>Assessing intelligence, subjective experiences, motivation, and personality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of assessment situation is being referred to in the statement 'Scores need to be connected to each other and to the context in which they emerge'?

    <p>Group assessment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is usually the objective of clinical assessment according to Woody (1980)?

    <p>Considering social existence while being individually oriented</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do psychologists need to fully understand before selecting different assessment strategies according to the text?

    <p>The role of mental functions in individual and social behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT merely the goal when developing recommendations based on the book's approach?

    <p>Assessing intelligence, subjective experiences, motivation, and personality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who designated himself Professor of Empirical Psychology and Logic in 1783?

    <p>Ferdinand Ueberwasser</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who conducted parallel research on sensory perception in Heidelberg?

    <p>Hermann von Helmholtz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was a researcher at the University of Berlin and a pioneer in the experimental study of memory?

    <p>Hermann Ebbinghaus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who co-founded the school of Gestalt psychology in the early twentieth century?

    <p>Wolfgang Kohler</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who founded a psychology lab at Johns Hopkins University that became internationally influential?

    <p>G. Stanley Hall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who created the psychology program at Cornell University and advanced 'structuralist' psychology?

    <p>Edward Titchener</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who wrote an influential book, The Principles of Psychology, which expanded on structuralism?

    <p>William James</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who integrated psychology with societal concerns, most notably by promoting progressive education?

    <p>John Dewey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is associated with the school of functionalism, an expansive approach to psychology?

    <p>William James</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who focused on the mental testing of children?

    <p>Lightner Witmer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who advanced the idea of brain reflexes and promoted a deterministic view of human behavior?

    <p>Ivan Sechenov</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who emphasized that individuals experience things as unified wholes, as opposed to reducing thoughts and behavior into smaller component elements?

    <p>Wolfgang Kohler</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which prominent figure became known in the field of child development in the Russian state?

    <p>Lev Vygotsky</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the Khrushchev Thaw, Soviet academics experienced a degree of liberalization. Who was celebrated as heroes of Soviet psychology during this time?

    <p>Ivan Pavlov (posthumously)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach did the Bolsheviks embrace as an antidote to sexual repression?

    <p>Psychoanalysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What fell out of favor in 1936 despite maintaining its privileged position as an instrument of the Soviet Union?

    <p>Pedology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Stalinist purges instill in the profession of psychology during that time?

    <p>Fear of political backlash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who were denounced following World War II, while Ivan Pavlov (posthumously) and Stalin himself were celebrated as heroes of Soviet psychology?

    <p>Jewish psychologists past and present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of psychology, according to the text?

    <p>To understand and solve problems in various spheres of human activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did William James define psychology as in 1890?

    <p>The science of mental life and its phenomena and conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the etymology of the word 'psychology'?

    <p>Derived from the Greek word psyche for spirit or soul</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Chinese scholarship during the Qing dynasty emphasize about the brain?

    <p>The brain as the center of the nervous system and linked mental disorder with brain diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Immanuel Kant propose regarding anthropology and psychology?

    <p>Anthropology as a discipline with psychology as an important subdivision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a notable early success in the history of psychology according to the text?

    <p>Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz's application of calculus principles to the mind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were ancient Egyptian philosophers noted for mentioning about depression and thought disorders?

    <p>The physical origins of thought disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Plato suggest about the location of mental processes according to the text?

    <p>The brain as the location for mental processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is highlighted as a crucial skill that readers are expected to develop based on the text?

    <p>Scientific research on a wide range of mental processes and behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is reflected in suggestions for using everyday language in reports according to the text?

    <p>Psychological knowledge applied to assessment and treatment of mental health problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What approach does the Handbook of Psychological Assessment take in presenting theoretical information?

    <p>A purely objective psychometric approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was one of the three Americans among the 400 attendees of the first meeting of the International Congress of Psychology?

    <p>William James</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which foundation collaborated with the CIA to fund research on psychological warfare in the 1950s?

    <p>Ford Foundation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who led the standing committee that administered mental tests to almost 1.8 million soldiers during World War I?

    <p>Robert Yerkes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which institution was well-financed throughout the war with a mandate to create a 'New German Psychotherapy'?

    <p>Göring Institute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who founded a prominent applied psychoanalysis journal called Psyche after the war?

    <p>Alexander Mitscherlich</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who reported that university researchers began large-scale propaganda research in 1939–1941?

    <p>Dorwin Cartwright</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which psychologist was recognized for developing the technique of autogenic training?

    <p>Johannes Heinrich Schultz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of biological psychologists according to the text?

    <p>Exploring the physiological and neurobiological processes underlying cognitive functions and behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the subjects of psychology's subject matter according to the text?

    <p>The behavior of humans and nonhumans, both conscious and unconscious phenomena, and mental processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do cognitive scientists attempt to understand according to the text?

    <p>Perception, cognition, attention, emotion, and intelligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the scope of psychology as an academic discipline according to the text?

    <p>Crossing the boundaries between natural and social sciences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of professional practitioners in psychology according to the text?

    <p>To understand the behavior of individuals and groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do psychologists' interests extend according to the text?

    <p>To various areas within social psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who became prominent in the field of child development in the Russian state?

    <p>Lev Vygotsky</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who were denounced following World War II, while Ivan Pavlov (posthumously) and Stalin himself were celebrated as heroes of Soviet psychology?

    <p>Jewish psychologists past and present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What institution was well-financed throughout the war with a mandate to create a 'New German Psychotherapy'?

    <p>University psychology departments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who founded a psychology lab at Johns Hopkins University that became internationally influential?

    <p>William James</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who conducted psychophysics research in Leipzig in the 1830s and articulated the principle that human perception of a stimulus varies logarithmically according to its intensity?

    <p>Gustav Fechner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who established the psychological laboratory that brought experimental psychology to the world?

    <p>Wilhelm Wundt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who co-founded the school of Gestalt psychology, based upon the idea that individuals experience things as unified wholes?

    <p>Wolfgang Kohler</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who trained Hugo Münsterberg, a prominent figure in the early development of psychology?

    <p>Wilhelm Wundt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who created the psychology program at Cornell University and advanced 'structuralist' psychology?

    <p>Edward Titchener</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who wrote an influential book, The Principles of Psychology, which expanded on structuralism?

    <p>William James</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who founded a psychology lab at Johns Hopkins University, which became internationally influential?

    <p>G. Stanley Hall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who brought experimental psychology, emphasizing psychophysics, to the Imperial University of Tokyo?

    <p>Yujiro Motora</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who integrated psychology with societal concerns, most notably by promoting progressive education and inculcating moral values in children?

    <p>John Dewey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is associated with the early development of group measurements of intelligence tests?

    <p>Walter Dill Scott</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a notable early success in the history of psychology?

    <p>Creation of the psychological laboratory at Johns Hopkins University</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Immanuel Kant explicitly reject regarding psychology?

    <p>Idea of an experimental psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was one of the earliest Americans to attend the International Congress of Psychology in Paris in 1889?

    <p>William James</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which psychology society was active in France from 1885 to 1893?

    <p>La Société de Psychologie Physiologique</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where did the Sixth Congress of Psychology take place in 1909, including presentations in Russian, Chinese, and Japanese, as well as Esperanto?

    <p>Geneva</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which foundation helped establish research on sexuality in the U.S. and influenced American psychology?

    <p>Rockefeller Foundation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who administered mental tests ('Army Alpha' and 'Army Beta') to almost 1.8 million soldiers during World War I?

    <p>Robert Yerkes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which institution led the way in bringing new psychology to the East and diffused new ideas about psychology from Japan into China?

    <p>Tokyo Imperial University</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who founded a prominent applied psychoanalysis journal called Psyche with funding from the Rockefeller Foundation?

    <p>Alexander Mitscherlich</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who melded psychology with the Nazi theory of biology and racial origins?

    <p>Matthias Göring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did William James define psychology as in 1890?

    <p>The study of mental life and its phenomena</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who first used the word psychology in its Latin form psychiologia?

    <p>Marko Marulić</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who suggested that the brain is where mental processes take place?

    <p>Plato</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Greek philosopher theorized that mental disorders had physical rather than supernatural causes?

    <p>Hippocrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    From which ancient civilization did the philosophical study of psychology originate?

    <p>Greece</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who emphasized the importance of the brain as the center of the nervous system and linked mental disorder with brain diseases?

    <p>Wang Qingren</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Enlightenment thinker applied principles of calculus to the mind, arguing that mental activity took place on an indivisible continuum?

    <p>Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a central idea of the Upanishads and other Vedic texts in Hinduism?

    <p>The distinction between a person's transient mundane self and their eternal, unchanging soul</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who proposed anthropology as a discipline with psychology as an important subdivision?

    <p>Immanuel Kant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Chinese philosophy emphasize in relation to purifying the mind?

    <p>Increasing virtue and power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Theosophy draw inspiration from during Helena Blavatsky's time in British India?

    <p>The distinction between a person's transient mundane self and their eternal, unchanging soul</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What body of knowledge involves insights drawn from introspection, observation, focused thinking, and acting?

    <p>The philosophical study of psychology in Ancient Greece</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of psychology as an academic discipline?

    <p>Studying mental functions and behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term is used to classify professional practitioners or researchers involved in the discipline of psychology?

    <p>Psychologists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of biological psychologists?

    <p>Exploring the physiological and neurobiological processes underlying cognitive functions and behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do some psychologists attempt to understand in the field of psychology?

    <p>The role of mental functions in individual and social behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an area of interest for psychologists involved in research?

    <p>Brain functioning and personality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of psychologists are also classified as behavioral or cognitive scientists?

    <p>Some psychologists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Greek word does the word 'psychology' derive from?

    <p>Psyche</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who first employed the word psychology in its Latin form psychiologia?

    <p>Marko Marulić</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year was the word 'psychology' first used in English?

    <p>1694</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who defined psychology as 'the science of mental life, both of its phenomena and their conditions'?

    <p>William James</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which philosopher theorized that mental disorders had physical rather than supernatural causes?

    <p>Hippocrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ancient civilization engaged in the philosophical study of psychology?

    <p>Egypt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who suggested that the brain is where mental processes take place?

    <p>Plato</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central idea of the Upanishads and other Vedic texts?

    <p>&quot;The soul is eternal and unchanging.&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "The difference between conscious and unconscious awareness is only a matter of degree" was suggested by:

    <p>&quot;Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Chinese scholarship during the Qing dynasty emphasize?

    <p>Interaction between physical and mental reality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Immanuel Kant advance as an important discipline?

    <p>Anthropology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz apply his principles of calculus to?

    <p>The mind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who became prominent in the field of child development in the Soviet Union?

    <p>Lev Vygotsky</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the Khrushchev Thaw, Soviet academics experienced a degree of liberalization. Who led this period?

    <p>Nikita Khrushchev</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was celebrated as a hero of Soviet psychology posthumously following World War II?

    <p>Ivan Pavlov</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Russian state emphasize in the field of psychology?

    <p>Pedology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Bolsheviks embrace as an antidote to sexual repression?

    <p>Psychoanalysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who were denounced following World War II in Soviet psychology?

    <p>Jewish psychologists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who established the first psychological laboratory that brought experimental psychology to the world?

    <p>Wilhelm Wundt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who conducted parallel research on sensory perception and trained physiologist Wilhelm Wundt?

    <p>Hermann von Helmholtz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who conducted psychophysics research in Leipzig in the 1830s and articulated the principle that human perception of a stimulus varies logarithmically according to its intensity?

    <p>Gustav Fechner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who co-founded the school of Gestalt psychology, based upon the idea that individuals experience things as unified wholes?

    <p>Max Wertheimer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who created the psychology program at Cornell University and advanced 'structuralist' psychology?

    <p>Edward Titchener</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Immanuel Kant explicitly reject regarding psychology?

    <p>Experimental psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year did Ferdinand Ueberwasser designate himself Professor of Empirical Psychology and Logic?

    <p>1783</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was an early proponent of the idea that the human mind was open to scientific investigation, proposing a 'mental chemistry'?

    <p>John Stuart Mill</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was an influential German psychologist known for pioneering the experimental study of memory and developing quantitative models of learning and forgetting?

    <p>Hermann Ebbinghaus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who founded a psychology lab at Johns Hopkins University that became internationally influential?

    <p>G. Stanley Hall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was an American psychologist who integrated psychology with societal concerns and promoted progressive education?

    <p>John Dewey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the Russian-Soviet physiologist known for discovering classical conditioning in dogs?

    <p>Ivan Pavlov</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When and where did the first meeting of the International Congress of Psychology sponsored by the International Union of Psychological Science take place?

    <p>August 1889, Paris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization funded the National Committee on Mental Hygiene and contributed to the dissemination of concepts related to mental illness and child rearing?

    <p>Rockefeller family</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which period did American psychology gain status, mainly due to the U.S.'s entry into a major global event?

    <p>World War I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what period did the U.S. military and intelligence agencies establish themselves as leading funders of psychology?

    <p>World War II and the Cold War</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who led the Göring Institute in Germany during World War II, which aimed to align suitable Germans with the overall goals of the Reich through psychotherapy?

    <p>Matthias Göring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who advocated for sterilization and euthanasia of men considered genetically undesirable, and devised techniques for facilitating this process?

    <p>Johannes Heinrich Schultz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What organization collaborated with the CIA in the 1950s to fund research on psychological warfare?

    <p>Ford Foundation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Seelenführung' (soul guidance) was a concept promoted by psychologists during which historical period?

    <p>Nazi Germany</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Psyche,' a prominent applied psychoanalysis journal, was founded by which influential figure with funding from the Rockefeller Foundation?

    <p>Alexander Mitscherlich</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which year did psychology become integrated into the required studies of medical students at Heidelberg University?

    <p>1970</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After the Russian Revolution, which ideology did the Bolsheviks promote psychology as a means to engineer?

    <p>The 'New Man' of socialism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of psychology as an academic discipline?

    <p>Studying the behavior of humans and nonhumans, both conscious and unconscious phenomena</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was celebrated as heroes of Soviet psychology during the Khrushchev Thaw?

    <p>Alexander Luria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who conducted parallel research on sensory perception in Heidelberg?

    <p>Max Wertheimer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Immanuel Kant advance as an important discipline?

    <p>Psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who co-founded the school of Gestalt psychology in the early twentieth century?

    <p>Kurt Koffka</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When and where did the first meeting of the International Congress of Psychology sponsored by the International Union of Psychological Science take place?

    <p>Paris, 1889</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who first used the word 'psychology' in its Latin form psychiologia?

    <p>Marko Marulić</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who suggested that mental disorders had physical rather than supernatural causes?

    <p>Hippocrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, who advanced a theory of hemispheric lateralization in brain function?

    <p>Wang Qingren</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Greek philosopher theorized that mental processes take place in the heart?

    <p>Aristotle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who defined psychology as 'the science of mental life, both of its phenomena and their conditions'?

    <p>William James</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ancient civilization engaged in the philosophical study of psychology according to the text?

    <p>Egypt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'The difference between conscious and unconscious awareness is only a matter of degree' was suggested by:

    <p>John B. Watson</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Anatomy, which treats the Body, and Psychology, which treats of the Soul.' refers to which dictionary according to the text?

    <p>The Physical Dictionary by Steven Blankaart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is known for integrating psychology with societal concerns and promoting progressive education?

    <p>William James</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who applied principles of calculus to the mind, arguing that mental activity took place on an indivisible continuum?

    <p>Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What religion drew inspiration from Hinduism and emphasized purifying the mind to increase virtue and power?

    <p>Theosophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the Khrushchev Thaw, which psychologists were denounced while others were celebrated as heroes of Soviet psychology?

    <p>Lev Vygotsky, A.R. Luria, and Aron Zalkind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who became prominent in the field of child development with an emphasis on pedology, during the time when intelligence testing fell out of favor in 1936?

    <p>Lev Vygotsky</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Bolsheviks embrace as an antidote to sexual repression?

    <p>Free love</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What institution emphasized pedology and the study of child development in the field of psychology?

    <p>Russian state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary focus of psychology departments in training large numbers of students?

    <p>Schools</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What fell out of favor in 1936, leading to psychology maintaining its privileged position as an instrument of the Soviet Union?

    <p>Pedology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who articulated the principle that human perception of a stimulus varies logarithmically according to its intensity?

    <p>Gustav Fechner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who proposed a 'mental chemistry' in which elementary thoughts could combine into ideas of greater complexity?

    <p>John Stuart Mill</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who focused on breaking down mental processes into the most basic components, motivated in part by an analogy to recent advances in chemistry?

    <p>Wilhelm Wundt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who pioneered the experimental study of memory and developed quantitative models of learning and forgetting?

    <p>Hermann Ebbinghaus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who co-founded the school of Gestalt psychology, based upon the idea that individuals experience things as unified wholes?

    <p>Max Wertheimer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who founded a psychology lab at Johns Hopkins University, which became internationally influential?

    <p>G. Stanley Hall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who advanced 'structuralist' psychology and created the psychology program at Cornell University?

    <p>Edward Titchener</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who integrated psychology with societal concerns, most notably by promoting progressive education and inculcating moral values in children?

    <p>John Dewey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was an American psychologist who integrated psychology with societal concerns and promoted progressive education?

    <p>John Dewey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who reported that university researchers began large-scale propaganda research in 1939–1941?

    <p>Ferdinand Ueberwasser</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year did Ferdinand Ueberwasser designate himself Professor of Empirical Psychology and Logic?

    <p>1783</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who proposed a 'mental chemistry' in which elementary thoughts could combine into ideas of greater complexity?

    <p>John Stuart Mill</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was one of the three Americans among the 400 attendees at the first meeting of the International Congress of Psychology sponsored by the International Union of Psychological Science?

    <p>William James</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which country did the Sixth Congress of psychology, held in 1909, include presentations in Russian, Chinese, and Japanese, as well as Esperanto?

    <p>Switzerland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which psychologist developed the technique of autogenic training and prominently advocated sterilization and euthanasia of men considered genetically undesirable?

    <p>Johannes Heinrich Schultz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which year did Tokyo Imperial University lead the way in bringing new psychology to the East and diffused new ideas about psychology from Japan into China?

    <p>1910</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which society, active in France from 1885 to 1893, was one of the earliest psychology societies mentioned in the text?

    <p>La Société de Psychologie Physiologique</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which American organization provided funding for behavioral research through the National Committee on Mental Hygiene and lobbied for applying psychological concepts to child rearing?

    <p>The Rockefeller family</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of biological psychologists according to the text?

    <p>Understanding the emergent properties of the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is highlighted as a crucial skill that readers are expected to develop based on the text?

    <p>Understanding subjective experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary limitation of assessment according to the text?

    <p>Inability to capture the complexity of human behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Greek word does the word 'psychology' derive from according to the text?

    <p>Psyche</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is known for integrating psychology with societal concerns and promoting progressive education?

    <p>John Dewey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the Russian-Soviet physiologist known for discovering classical conditioning in dogs?

    <p>Ivan Pavlov</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who were the Jewish psychologists denounced following World War II in the Soviet Union?

    <p>Lev Vygotsky, A.R. Luria, and Aron Zalkind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach did the Bolsheviks embrace as an antidote to sexual repression?

    <p>Psychoanalysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the Khrushchev Thaw, which psychologists were celebrated as heroes of Soviet psychology?

    <p>Ivan Pavlov, Stalin, and Lev Vygotsky</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who emphasized pedology and the study of child development in the Russian state?

    <p>Lev Vygotsky</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Russian state emphasize in relation to child development?

    <p>Pedology and intelligence testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Soviet Union maintain psychology as?

    <p>A privileged position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what decade was the word psychology first used in its Latin form psychiologia?

    <p>Decade 1510-1520</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to William James, how did he define psychology?

    <p>The science of mental life and its conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who theorized that mental disorders had physical rather than supernatural causes as early as the 4th century BC?

    <p>Hippocrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the central idea of the Upanishads and other Vedic texts that formed the foundations of Hinduism?

    <p>Distinction between a person's transient mundane self and their eternal, unchanging soul</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who applied his principles of calculus to the mind, arguing that mental activity took place on an indivisible continuum?

    <p>Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Steven Blankaart refer to in 1694 as 'Anatomy, which treats the Body, and Psychology, which treats of the Soul'?

    <p>Psychological knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was known for advanced research on sensory perception and articulated the principle that human perception of a stimulus varies logarithmically according to its intensity?

    <p>William James</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Immanuel Kant identify as an important subdivision of anthropology?

    <p>'Psychologia Empirica'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Greek physician Hippocrates theorize as the location where mental processes take place?

    <p>Brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what book did the Croatian humanist and Latinist Marko Marulić first employ the Latin form psychiologia (Psychology, on the Nature of the Human Soul)?

    <p>Psichiologia de ratione animae humanae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Chinese scholarship during the Qing dynasty emphasize about the brain?

    <p>The center of the nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was emphasized by Hinduism according to ancient texts that formed its foundations?

    <p>Purifying the mind in order to increase virtue and power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with discovering and applying the process of classical conditioning to human beings?

    <p>Ivan Pavlov</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which psychology society was active in France from 1885 to 1893?

    <p>La Société de Psychologie Physiologique</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was one of three Americans among the 400 attendees at the first meeting of the International Congress of Psychology sponsored by the International Union of Psychological Science?

    <p>William James</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which psychology society was founded in 1892, soon after the first meeting of the International Congress of Psychology?

    <p>American Psychological Association (APA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who administered mental tests ('Army Alpha' and 'Army Beta') to almost 1.8 million soldiers during World War I?

    <p>Robert Yerkes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what period did the U.S. military and intelligence agencies establish themselves as leading funders of psychology?

    <p>Cold War</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'The Göring Institute' was well-financed throughout the war with a mandate to create a 'New German Psychotherapy'. Who led this institute?

    <p>'The Göring Institute' was led by Hermann Göring's cousin Matthias Göring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What institution did Alexander Mitscherlich establish with funding from the Rockefeller Foundation?

    <p>Heidelberg University</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which country did psychology face antagonism from scientific and medical establishments up until 1939?

    <p>United Kingdom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was responsible for determining the week-by-week propaganda policy for the United States Government during World War II?

    <p>Dorwin Cartwright</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who articulated the principle that human perception of a stimulus varies logarithmically according to its intensity?

    <p>Gustav Fechner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who proposed a 'mental chemistry' in which elementary thoughts could combine into ideas of greater complexity?

    <p>John Stuart Mill</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who conducted parallel research on sensory perception in Heidelberg?

    <p>Hermann von Helmholtz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who pioneered the experimental study of memory and developed quantitative models of learning and forgetting?

    <p>Hermann Ebbinghaus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who co-founded the school of Gestalt psychology in the early twentieth century?

    <p>Max Wertheimer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who integrated psychology with societal concerns and promoted progressive education, inculcating moral values in children, and assimilating immigrants?

    <p>John Dewey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who founded a psychology lab at Johns Hopkins University that became internationally influential?

    <p>G. Stanley Hall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who brought experimental psychology, emphasizing psychophysics, to the Imperial University of Tokyo?

    <p>Yujiro Motora</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the German psychologist Hermann Ebbinghaus known for pioneering?

    <p>The experimental study of memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was known for creating the psychology program at Cornell University and advancing 'structuralist' psychology?

    <p>Edward Titchener</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is associated with advancing the idea of functionalism, an expansive approach to psychology?

    <p>William James</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who founded the Psychological Corporation and focused on developing tests of mental ability?

    <p>James McKeen Cattell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of biological psychologists according to the text?

    <p>Understanding the emergent properties of brains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the scope of psychology as an academic discipline according to the text?

    <p>Immense, crossing the boundaries between natural and social sciences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do psychologists need to fully understand before selecting different assessment strategies according to the text?

    <p>The person being assessed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was denounced following World War II in Soviet psychology?

    <p>Ivan Pavlov (posthumously)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which psychological concept was promoted by psychologists during the historical period of 'Seelenführung' (soul guidance)?

    <p>Psychoanalysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who became prominent in the field of child development in the Russian state?

    <p>Lev Vygotsky</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the Khrushchev Thaw, which psychologists were celebrated as heroes of Soviet psychology?

    <p>Jewish psychologists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who integrated psychology with societal concerns and promoted progressive education?

    <p>Lev Vygotsky</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who wrote an influential book, The Principles of Psychology, which expanded on structuralism?

    <p>William James</p> Signup and view all the answers

    From which Greek word does the word psychology derive?

    <p>Psyche</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who first used the word psychology in its Latin form 'psychiologia'?

    <p>Marko Marulić</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who defined psychology as 'the science of mental life, both of its phenomena and their conditions'?

    <p>William James</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Plato suggest about the location of mental processes?

    <p>The brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who theorized that mental disorders had physical rather than supernatural causes?

    <p>Hippocrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who emphasized the importance of the brain as the center of the nervous system and linked mental disorder with brain diseases?

    <p>Wang Qingren</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who applied principles of calculus to the mind, arguing that mental activity takes place on an indivisible continuum?

    <p>Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ancient philosopher addressed the workings of the mind in his De Anima treatise?

    <p>Aristotle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who first used the term psychology in English in The Physical Dictionary in 1694?

    <p>Steven Blankaart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did William James define psychology as in 1890?

    <p>'the science of mental life'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was suggested by radical behaviorists like John B. Watson in 1913 regarding psychology?

    <p>'the discipline is a natural science'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The word psychology was first employed by which Croatian humanist and Latinist?

    <p>'Marko Marulić'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with discovering and applying the process of classical conditioning to human beings?

    <p>Ivan Pavlov</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where did the Sixth Congress of Psychology take place in 1909, including presentations in Russian, Chinese, and Japanese, as well as Esperanto?

    <p>Geneva</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who administered mental tests ('Army Alpha' and 'Army Beta') to almost 1.8 million soldiers during World War I?

    <p>Robert Yerkes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who founded a psychology lab at Johns Hopkins University, which became internationally influential?

    <p>William James</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which American organization provided funding for behavioral research through the National Committee on Mental Hygiene and lobbied for applying psychological concepts to child rearing?

    <p>Rockefeller Foundation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who melded psychology with the Nazi theory of biology and racial origins?

    <p>Harald Schultz-Hencke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Soviet Union maintain psychology as?

    <p>A means of engineering the 'New Man' of socialism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who advanced 'structuralist' psychology and created the psychology program at Cornell University?

    <p>Edward B. Titchener</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Clinical assessment is individually oriented, but it always considers social existence,' according to Woody (1980). What is usually the objective of clinical assessment?

    <p>Assessing an individual's psychological functioning within a social context</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should psychologists be able to create based on the guidelines provided in the text?

    <p>Unified wholes of individual experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the subjects of psychology's subject matter according to the text?

    <p>Mental life and its conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with articulating the principle that human perception of a stimulus varies logarithmically according to its intensity?

    <p>Gustav Fechner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which psychologist is known for pioneering the experimental study of memory and developing quantitative models of learning and forgetting?

    <p>Hermann Ebbinghaus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who established the psychological laboratory that brought experimental psychology to the world?

    <p>Wilhelm Wundt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who co-founded the school of Gestalt psychology in the early twentieth century?

    <p>Wolfgang Kohler</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who proposed a 'mental chemistry' in which elementary thoughts could combine into ideas of greater complexity?

    <p>John Stuart Mill</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who integrated psychology with societal concerns and promoted progressive education, inculcating moral values in children, and assimilating immigrants?

    <p>John Dewey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who founded a psychology lab at Johns Hopkins University that became internationally influential?

    <p>G. Stanley Hall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was an early proponent of the idea that the human mind was open to scientific investigation, proposing a 'mental chemistry'?

    <p>John Stuart Mill</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was known for advanced research on sensory perception and articulated the principle that human perception of a stimulus varies logarithmically according to its intensity?

    <p>Hermann von Helmholtz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who administered mental tests ('Army Alpha' and 'Army Beta') to almost 1.8 million soldiers during World War I?

    <p>Walter Dill Scott</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "In Heidelberg, Hermann von Helmholtz conducted parallel research on sensory perception, and trained physiologist Wilhelm Wundt." This statement implies that:

    <p>&quot;Hermann von Helmholtz's research on sensory perception influenced Wilhelm Wundt's work.&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary focus of early psychology in England according to the text?

    <p>Phrenology and social problems including alcoholism, violence, and crowded asylums.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of biological psychologists according to the text?

    <p>Understanding emergent properties of brains and linking the discipline to neuroscience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary subject matter of psychology as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Conscious and unconscious phenomena</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do social scientists in psychology aim to understand?

    <p>Behavior of individuals and groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main emphasis of the Handbook of Psychological Assessment?

    <p>Different assessment strategies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are psychologists involved in researching according to the text?

    <p>Perception, cognition, attention, emotion, and brain functioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do professional practitioners or researchers involved in the discipline of psychology called?

    <p>Psychologist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which psychologist was denounced following World War II in the Soviet Union?

    <p>Lev Vygotsky</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Bolsheviks promote as an antidote to sexual repression?

    <p>Psychoanalysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the Khrushchev Thaw, which Soviet academics experienced a degree of liberalization?

    <p>A.R. Luria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was celebrated as a hero of Soviet psychology posthumously?

    <p>Ivan Pavlov</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Russian state emphasize in the field of child development?

    <p>Pedology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Stalinist purges instill in the profession of psychology in the Soviet Union?

    <p>A climate of fear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with pioneering the experimental study of memory and developing quantitative models of learning and forgetting?

    <p>Hermann Ebbinghaus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which psychologist focused on breaking down mental processes into the most basic components, motivated in part by an analogy to recent advances in chemistry?

    <p>Wilhelm Wundt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who articulated the principle that human perception of a stimulus varies logarithmically according to its intensity?

    <p>Hermann von Helmholtz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who co-founded the school of Gestalt psychology, based upon the idea that individuals experience things as unified wholes?

    <p>Max Wertheimer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who founded a psychology lab at Johns Hopkins University that became internationally influential?

    <p>G. Stanley Hall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who proposed a 'mental chemistry' in which elementary thoughts could combine into ideas of greater complexity?

    <p>John Stuart Mill</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who conducted parallel research on sensory perception, and trained physiologist Wilhelm Wundt?

    <p>Hermann von Helmholtz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who advanced 'structuralist' psychology and created the psychology program at Cornell University?

    <p>Edward Titchener</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who co-founded the school of Gestalt psychology with Max Wertheimer and Kurt Koffka?

    <p>Wolfgang Kohler</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with pioneering psychophysics research in Leipzig in the 1830s?

    <p>Gustav Fechner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the American student of Wundt who founded a psychology lab that became internationally influential?

    <p>G. Stanley Hall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who integrated psychology with societal concerns, promoting progressive education and inculcating moral values in children?

    <p>John Dewey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was one of the Americans among the 400 attendees at the first meeting of the International Congress of Psychology in Paris?

    <p>William James</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Rockefeller charities fund, which helped establish research on sexuality in the U.S.?

    <p>National Committee on Mental Hygiene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization collaborated with the CIA in the 1950s to fund research on psychological warfare?

    <p>Rockefeller Foundation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who led the period of liberalization experienced by Soviet academics during the Khrushchev Thaw?

    <p>Dorwin Cartwright</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year did the International Congress take place at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut?

    <p>1929</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who established the first psychological laboratory that brought experimental psychology to the world?

    <p>Wilhelm Wundt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which psychologist melded psychology with the Nazi theory of biology and racial origins?

    <p>Matthias Göring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who prominently advocated sterilization and euthanasia of men considered genetically undesirable?

    <p>Johannes Heinrich Schultz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What Russian-Soviet physiologist discovered classical conditioning in dogs?

    <p>Ivan Pavlov.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did American psychology gain status upon after World War I?

    <p>The US's entry into World War I.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who led the Army's new General Classification Test to assess millions of soldiers?

    <p>Robert Yerkes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the etymological origin of the word 'psychology'?

    <p>From the Greek word 'psyche' meaning spirit or soul</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the first to use the Latin form 'psychiologia' of the word psychology?

    <p>Marko Marulić</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In 1890, how did William James define psychology?

    <p>The study of mental life and behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Plato, where did he suggest that mental processes take place?

    <p>In the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ancient civilization engaged in philosophical study of psychology?

    <p>Egyptian civilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who applied principles of calculus to the mind and argued that mental activity took place on an indivisible continuum?

    <p>Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Chinese philosophy emphasize in pursuit of higher awareness?

    <p>Purifying the mind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who emphasized the importance of reaching higher awareness through yoga?

    <p>Buddha</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did William James contest regarding the definition of psychology?

    <p>The discipline is a natural science, with a theoretical goal of prediction and control of behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz suggest regarding conscious and unconscious awareness?

    <p>The difference is only a matter of degree.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the influential figure in Soviet psychology who was denounced during the Khrushchev Thaw?

    <p>Lev Vygotsky</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Bolsheviks emphasize in the field of psychology?

    <p>Pedology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who became a prominent figure in the field of child development in the Russian state?

    <p>Lev Vygotsky</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Russian state emphasize in the field of child development?

    <p>Pedology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was celebrated as a hero of Soviet psychology posthumously following World War II?

    <p>Ivan Pavlov</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which academic figure experienced a degree of liberalization during the Khrushchev Thaw?

    <p>A.R. Luria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary subject matter of psychology as mentioned in the text?

    <p>The behavior of humans and nonhumans, conscious and unconscious phenomena, and mental processes such as thoughts, feelings, and motives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with pioneering psychophysics research in Leipzig in the 1830s?

    <p>Gustav Fechner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should psychologists be able to create based on the guidelines provided in the text?

    <p>Personality tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who proposed anthropology as a discipline with psychology as an important subdivision?

    <p>Wilhelm Wundt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Plato, where did he suggest that mental processes take place?

    <p>In the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who emphasized the importance of the brain as the center of the nervous system and linked mental disorder with brain diseases?

    <p>Ivan Pavlov</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the German psychologist known for pioneering the experimental study of memory and developing quantitative models of learning and forgetting?

    <p>Hermann Ebbinghaus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who articulated the principle that human perception of a stimulus varies logarithmically according to its intensity?

    <p>Gustav Fechner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who founded a prominent applied psychoanalysis journal called Psyche with funding from the Rockefeller Foundation?

    <p>Sigmund Freud</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who co-founded the school of Gestalt psychology, based upon the idea that individuals experience things as unified wholes?

    <p>Max Wertheimer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with advancing the idea of functionalism, an expansive approach to psychology that underlined the Darwinian idea of a behavior's usefulness to the individual?

    <p>William James</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who integrated psychology with societal concerns and promoted progressive education, inculcating moral values in children, and assimilating immigrants?

    <p>John Dewey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the Englishman known for creating the psychology program at Cornell University and advancing 'structuralist' psychology?

    <p>Edward Titchener</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who founded a psychology lab at Johns Hopkins University that became internationally influential?

    <p>G. Stanley Hall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Who is associated with advancing the idea of functionalism, an expansive approach to psychology?'

    <p>Harvey Carr</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Who studied with eugenicist Francis Galton and went on to found the Psychological Corporation?'

    <p>James McKeen Cattell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Who conducted parallel research on sensory perception in Heidelberg?'

    <p>Hermann von Helmholtz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was known for advanced research on sensory perception and articulated the principle that human perception of a stimulus varies logarithmically according to its intensity?

    <p>Hermann von Helmholtz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with the discovery of classical conditioning in dogs?

    <p>Ivan Pavlov</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which psychology society was one of the earliest and lasted from 1885 to 1893?

    <p>La Société de Psychologie Physiologique</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where did the first meeting of the International Congress of Psychology sponsored by the International Union of Psychological Science take place?

    <p>Paris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which family provided funding for behavioral research via the Social Science Research Council?

    <p>Rockefeller family</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which university did Tokyo Imperial University lead the way in bringing new psychology to the East?

    <p>Tokyo Imperial University</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who administered mental tests ('Army Alpha' and 'Army Beta') to almost 1.8 million soldiers?

    <p>Robert Yerkes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which family collaborated with the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to fund research on psychological warfare?

    <p>Rockefeller family</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who led the Göring Institute during World War II?

    <p>Matthias Göring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "New German Psychotherapy" aimed to align suitable Germans with the overall goals of the Reich. Who mandated this therapy?

    <p>Matthias Göring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After the Russian Revolution, psychology was promoted by the Bolsheviks as a way to engineer what?

    <p>The New Man of Socialism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After World War I, psychology faced antagonism from which establishments in the UK?

    <p>The scientific and medical establishments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Greek physician Hippocrates theorize about mental disorders?

    <p>That they had physical rather than supernatural causes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the ancient text known as The Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicine identify as the nexus of wisdom and sensation?

    <p>The brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Immanuel Kant advance as an idea, with psychology as an important subdivision?

    <p>Anthropology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who applied principles of calculus to the mind, arguing that mental activity took place on an indivisible continuum?

    <p>Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did William James define psychology as in 1890?

    <p>The science of mental life, both of its phenomena and their conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who conducted research on sensory perception and trained physiologist Wilhelm Wundt in Heidelberg?

    <p>Hermann von Helmholtz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the word 'psychology' derive from?

    <p>-λογία -logia, meaning 'spirit' or 'soul'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which philosopher suggested that mental processes take place in the brain?

    <p>Plato</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Folk psychology' refers to:

    <p>The understanding of the mental states and behaviors of ordinary people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'The difference between conscious and unconscious awareness is only a matter of degree' was suggested by:

    <p>'Radical behaviorists' such as John B. Watson</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The word 'psychology' was first used in its Latin form psychiologia by whom?

    <p>Marko Marulić</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of biological psychologists according to the text?

    <p>Investigating the physiological and neurobiological processes underlying cognitive functions and behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was known for advanced research on sensory perception and articulated the principle that human perception of a stimulus varies logarithmically according to its intensity?

    <p>Max Wertheimer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    From which ancient civilization did the philosophical study of psychology originate?

    <p>Greek</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Anatomy, which treats the Body, and Psychology, which treats of the Soul.' refers to which dictionary according to the text?

    <p>The Oxford English Dictionary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with discovering and applying the process of classical conditioning to human beings?

    <p>John B. Watson</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'The Göring Institute' was well-financed throughout the war with a mandate to create a 'New German Psychotherapy'. Who led this institute?

    <p>Kurt Lewin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who became prominent in the field of child development in the Soviet Union?

    <p>Lev Vygotsky</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Bolsheviks promote as an antidote to sexual repression?

    <p>Psychoanalysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was denounced following World War II in the Soviet Union?

    <p>Lev Vygotsky</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the Khrushchev Thaw, which period saw a degree of liberalization for Soviet academics?

    <p>Post-World War II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which psychologists were celebrated as heroes of Soviet psychology posthumously?

    <p>Ivan Pavlov</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What instilled a climate of fear in the profession of psychology in the Soviet Union?

    <p>Stalinist purges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the etymological origin of the word 'psychology'?

    <p>From the Greek word for spirit or soul</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to William James, how did he define psychology?

    <p>The study of mental life, both of its phenomena and their conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who suggested that mental disorders had physical rather than supernatural causes?

    <p>Hippocrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Greek physician Hippocrates theorize about the causes of mental disorders?

    <p>They had physical rather than supernatural causes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the first known person to use the word 'psychology' in English?

    <p>Steven Blankaart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Aristotle suggest about the location of mental processes?

    <p>They take place in the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the Croatian humanist and Latinist who first used the word psychology in its Latin form psychiologia?

    <p>Marko Marulić</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Anatomy, which treats the Body, and Psychology, which treats of the Soul.' refers to which dictionary according to the text?

    <p>'The Physical Dictionary' by Steven Blankaart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'The difference between conscious and unconscious awareness is only a matter of degree' was suggested by:

    <p>'William James'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who proposed anthropology as a discipline with psychology as an important subdivision?

    <p>Immanuel Kant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Chinese philosophy emphasize in pursuit of higher awareness?

    <p>Spiritual purification and virtue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who emphasized pedology and the study of child development in the Russian state?

    <p>Lev Vygotsky</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with pioneering the experimental study of memory and developing quantitative models of learning and forgetting?

    <p>Hermann Ebbinghaus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who conducted parallel research on sensory perception and trained physiologist Wilhelm Wundt?

    <p>Hermann von Helmholtz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who co-founded the school of Gestalt psychology, emphasizing the idea that individuals experience things as unified wholes?

    <p>Max Wertheimer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the Englishman known for creating the psychology program at Cornell University and advancing 'structuralist' psychology?

    <p>Edward Titchener</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is associated with advancing the idea of functionalism, an expansive approach to psychology?

    <p>William James</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is known for integrating psychology with societal concerns and promoting progressive education?

    <p>John Dewey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was an American psychologist who studied with Wundt and founded a psychology lab at Johns Hopkins University?

    <p>G. Stanley Hall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who led the standing committee that administered mental tests to almost 1.8 million soldiers during World War I?

    <p>James McKeen Cattell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is associated with developing tests of mental ability along with studying with eugenicist Francis Galton?

    <p>James McKeen Cattell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is associated with founding the Psychological Corporation?

    <p>James McKeen Cattell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was renowned for promoting psychology as a mandatory discipline in Prussia's educational system?

    <p>Wilhelm Wundt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who articulated the principle that human perception of a stimulus varies logarithmically according to its intensity?

    <p>Gustav Fechner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with pioneering the experimental study of memory and developing quantitative models of learning and forgetting?

    <p>Ivan Pavlov</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the focus of early psychology in England according to the text?

    <p>Antagonism by scientific and medical establishments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was known for advanced research on sensory perception and articulated the principle that human perception of a stimulus varies logarithmically according to its intensity?

    <p>Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is emphasized as a crucial skill that readers are expected to develop based on the text?

    <p>Insights into psychological warfare</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who founded a prominent applied psychoanalysis journal called Psyche after the war?

    <p>Alexander Mitscherlich</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Seelenführung' (soul guidance) was a concept promoted by psychologists during which historical period?

    <p>Nazi Germany</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of biological psychologists according to the text?

    <p>Understanding the emergent properties of brains and linking the discipline to neuroscience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some of the areas of interest for psychologists mentioned in the text?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a professional practitioner or researcher involved in psychology?

    <p>Psychologist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the scope of psychology as an academic discipline according to the text?

    <p>It includes both conscious and unconscious phenomena, and mental processes such as thoughts, feelings, and motives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do social scientists in psychology aim to understand?

    <p>The behavior of individuals and groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do some psychologists attempt to understand according to the text?

    <p>The role of mental functions in individual and social behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who became prominent in the field of child development in the Russian state?

    <p>Lev Vygotsky</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was celebrated as a hero of Soviet psychology posthumously?

    <p>Ivan Pavlov</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the Khrushchev Thaw, which psychologists were denounced?

    <p>Lev Vygotsky and Aron Zalkind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was known for discovering classical conditioning in dogs?

    <p>Ivan Pavlov</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was one of the Jewish psychologists denounced following World War II in the Soviet Union?

    <p>A.R. Luria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did William James contest regarding the definition of psychology?

    <p>It is the science of mental life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who conducted parallel research on sensory perception and trained physiologist Wilhelm Wundt?

    <p>Harald Schultz-Hencke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was known for advanced research on sensory perception and articulated the principle that human perception of a stimulus varies logarithmically according to its intensity?

    <p>Johannes Heinrich Schultz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Chinese scholarship during the Qing dynasty emphasize about the brain?

    <p>The localization of mental processes in the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with pioneering the experimental study of memory and developing quantitative models of learning and forgetting?

    <p>Robert Yerkes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'The difference between conscious and unconscious awareness is only a matter of degree' was suggested by:

    <p>Alexander Mitscherlich</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'The difference between conscious and unconscious awareness is only a matter of degree' was suggested by:

    <p>Alexander Mitscherlich</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was renowned for promoting psychology as a mandatory discipline in Prussia's educational system?

    <p>Wilhelm Wundt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who first used the word 'psychology' in its Latin form psychiologia?

    <p>Wilhelm Wundt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with establishing the first psychological laboratory and bringing experimental psychology to the world?

    <p>Wilhelm Wundt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which 19th-century psychologist pioneered the experimental study of memory and developed quantitative models of learning and forgetting?

    <p>Hermann Ebbinghaus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who articulated the principle that human perception of a stimulus varies logarithmically according to its intensity, known as the Weber–Fechner law?

    <p>Gustav Fechner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who co-founded the school of Gestalt psychology in the early twentieth century, based on the idea that individuals experience things as unified wholes?

    <p>Max Wertheimer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who created the psychology program at Cornell University and advanced 'structuralist' psychology?

    <p>Edward Titchener</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who integrated psychology with societal concerns, most notably by promoting progressive education, inculcating moral values in children, and assimilating immigrants?

    <p>John Dewey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with founding a psychology lab at Johns Hopkins University that became internationally influential?

    <p>G. Stanley Hall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was an American psychologist who studied with Wundt and focused on developing tests of mental ability?

    <p>James McKeen Cattell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was known for advanced research on sensory perception and articulated the principle that human perception of a stimulus varies logarithmically according to its intensity?

    <p>Hermann von Helmholtz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who founded the Psychological Corporation and focused on developing tests of mental ability?

    <p>James McKeen Cattell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who integrated psychology with societal concerns, most notably by promoting progressive education, inculcating moral values in children, and assimilating immigrants?

    <p>John Dewey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was celebrated as heroes of Soviet psychology during the Khrushchev Thaw?

    <p>Hugo Münsterberg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did William James define psychology as?

    <p>The science of mental life, both of its phenomena and their conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who applied principles of calculus to the mind, arguing that mental activity took place on an indivisible continuum?

    <p>Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ancient civilization engaged in the philosophical study of psychology?

    <p>Greece</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Plato suggest was the location where mental processes take place?

    <p>The brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with articulating the principle that human perception of a stimulus varies logarithmically according to its intensity?

    <p>Steven Blankaart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Anatomy, which treats the Body, and Psychology, which treats of the Soul.' refers to which dictionary according to the text?

    <p>The Physical Dictionary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Immanuel Kant advance as an important subdivision of anthropology?

    <p>'Anthropology as a Discipline'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who became prominent in the field of child development in the Soviet Union?

    <p>'Lev Vygotsky'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of biological psychologists according to the text?

    <p>Investigating the physiological and neurobiological processes underlying cognitive functions and behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who articulated the principle that human perception of a stimulus varies logarithmically according to its intensity?

    <p>Hermann von Helmholtz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which American organization provided funding for behavioral research through the National Committee on Mental Hygiene and lobbied for applying psychological concepts to child rearing?

    <p>The Rockefeller Foundation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Theosophy draw inspiration from during Helena Blavatsky's time in British India?

    <p>Buddhism and Hinduism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were ancient Egyptian philosophers noted for mentioning about depression and thought disorders?

    <p>Offering spiritual explanations for mental health issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was known for advanced research on sensory perception and articulated the principle that human perception of a stimulus varies logarithmically according to its intensity?

    <p>Hermann von Helmholtz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the Khrushchev Thaw, which Soviet academics experienced a degree of liberalization?

    <p>Lev Vygotsky, A.R. Luria, and Aron Zalkind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was celebrated as heroes of Soviet psychology posthumously following World War II?

    <p>Ivan Pavlov (posthumously) and Joseph Stalin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who co-founded the school of Gestalt psychology with Max Wertheimer and Kurt Koffka?

    <p>A.R. Luria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who co-founded the school of Gestalt psychology, based upon the idea that individuals experience things as unified wholes?

    <p>Max Wertheimer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with articulating the principle that human perception of a stimulus varies logarithmically according to its intensity?

    <p>Max Wertheimer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Anatomy, which treats the Body, and Psychology, which treats of the Soul.' refers to which dictionary according to the text?

    <p>The Physical Dictionary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ancient philosopher theorized that mental disorders had physical rather than supernatural causes?

    <p>Hippocrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In ancient China, which philosophical works contributed to the understanding of psychology?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with emphasizing the importance of the brain as the center of the nervous system and investigating the causes of dreams and insomnia?

    <p>Wang Qingren</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ancient Indian texts formed the foundations of Hinduism and addressed the distinction between a person's transient mundane self and their eternal, unchanging soul?

    <p>The Upanishads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the first known person to use the word 'psychology' in its Latin form 'psychiologia' in English?

    <p>Marko Marulić</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who defined psychology as 'the science of mental life, both of its phenomena and their conditions' in 1890?

    <p>William James</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who contested William James' definition of psychology, asserting that the discipline is a natural science with the theoretical goal of prediction and control of behavior?

    <p>John B. Watson</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was known for advancing research on sensory perception and articulating the principle that human perception of a stimulus varies logarithmically according to its intensity?

    <p>William James</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who became prominent in the field of child development with an emphasis on pedology, during the time when intelligence testing fell out of favor in 1936?

    <p>John B. Watson</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who founded a psychology lab at Johns Hopkins University that became internationally influential?

    <p>William James</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Germany, who applied principles of calculus to the mind, arguing that mental activity took place on an indivisible continuum?

    <p>Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was one of the earliest Americans to attend the International Congress of Psychology in Paris in 1889?

    <p>William James</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization collaborated with the CIA in the 1950s to fund research on psychological warfare?

    <p>Rockefeller Foundation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which period did American psychology gain status, mainly due to the U.S.'s entry into a major global event?

    <p>World War I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who conducted parallel research on sensory perception and trained physiologist Wilhelm Wundt?

    <p>Robert Yerkes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'The difference between conscious and unconscious awareness is only a matter of degree' was suggested by:

    <p>Harald Schultz-Hencke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who founded a psychology lab at Johns Hopkins University that became internationally influential?

    <p>William James</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Russian state emphasize in relation to child development?

    <p>'New German Psychotherapy'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who applied principles of calculus to the mind, arguing that mental activity took place on an indivisible continuum?

    <p>Robert Yerkes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which prominent figure became known in the field of child development in the Russian state?

    <p>Johannes Heinrich Schultz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are psychologists involved in researching according to the text?

    <p>Troop morale and mental health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who emphasized the importance of the brain as the center of the nervous system and linked mental disorder with brain diseases?

    <p>Alexander Mitscherlich</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What religion drew inspiration from Hinduism and emphasized purifying the mind to increase virtue and power?

    <p>Buddhism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who established psychology as a mandatory discipline in the Prussian state's educational system?

    <p>Wilhelm Wundt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who conducted psychophysics research in Leipzig in the 1830s and articulated the principle known as the Weber–Fechner law?

    <p>Gustav Fechner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with pioneering the experimental study of memory and developing quantitative models of learning and forgetting?

    <p>Hermann Ebbinghaus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who co-founded the school of Gestalt psychology, emphasizing that individuals experience things as unified wholes?

    <p>Wolfgang Kohler</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who founded a psychology lab at Johns Hopkins University that became internationally influential?

    <p>G. Stanley Hall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who created the psychology program at Cornell University and advanced 'structuralist' psychology?

    <p>Edward Titchener</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who wrote the influential book 'The Principles of Psychology' in 1890, expanding on structuralism and describing 'stream of consciousness'?

    <p>William James</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who advanced the idea of functionalism, an expansive approach to psychology that underlined the Darwinian idea of behavior's usefulness to the individual?

    <p>William James</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who trained psychologist Yujiro Motora, bringing experimental psychology to the Imperial University of Tokyo and emphasizing psychophysics?

    <p>Hugo Münsterberg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who focused on the mental testing of children?

    <p>Lightner Witmer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who conducted research on employee selection?

    <p>Walter Dill Scott</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is known for studying with eugenicist Francis Galton and founding the Psychological Corporation?

    <p>James McKeen Cattell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of psychology according to the text?

    <p>Studying mental functions and behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of study aims to connect the discipline of psychology to neuroscience?

    <p>Biological psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of professional practitioners or researchers in the field of psychology?

    <p>Psychologists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do some psychologists attempt to understand regarding individual and social behavior?

    <p>The role of mental functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area is included in the research interests of psychologists according to the text?

    <p>Interpersonal relationships and resilience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of social scientists who are psychologists?

    <p>Understanding the behavior of individuals and groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who became prominent in the field of child development during the time when psychology maintained its privileged position as an instrument of the Soviet Union?

    <p>A.R. Luria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the Khrushchev Thaw, which psychologists were denounced?

    <p>Lev Vygotsky</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was celebrated as a hero of Soviet psychology posthumously following World War II?

    <p>Ivan Pavlov</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who conducted parallel research on sensory perception and trained physiologist Wilhelm Wundt?

    <p>Lev Vygotsky</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which historical period saw a degree of liberalization for Soviet academics?

    <p>Khrushchev Thaw</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was denounced during the Khrushchev Thaw?

    <p>Lev Vygotsky</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which country did Ferdinand Ueberwasser designate himself Professor of Empirical Psychology and Logic and gave lectures on scientific psychology?

    <p>Germany</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who articulated the principle that human perception of a stimulus varies logarithmically according to its intensity?

    <p>Gustav Fechner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who conducted parallel research on sensory perception, trained physiologist Wilhelm Wundt, and established the psychological laboratory that brought experimental psychology to the world?

    <p>Hermann von Helmholtz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who pioneered the experimental study of memory and developed quantitative models of learning and forgetting?

    <p>Hermann Ebbinghaus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who co-founded the school of Gestalt psychology emphasizing the idea that individuals experience things as unified wholes?

    <p>Max Wertheimer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which country did G. Stanley Hall, an American who studied with Wundt, found a psychology lab that became internationally influential?

    <p>United States</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who created the psychology program at Cornell University and advanced 'structuralist' psychology?

    <p>Edward Titchener</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who wrote an influential book in 1890, 'The Principles of Psychology,' which expanded on structuralism?

    <p>William James</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'The Göring Institute' was well-financed throughout the war with a mandate to create a 'New German Psychotherapy.' Who led this institute?

    <p>Hugo Münsterberg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was known for advanced research on sensory perception and articulated the principle that human perception of a stimulus varies logarithmically according to its intensity?

    <p>Gustav Fechner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Theosophy draw inspiration from during Helena Blavatsky's time in British India?

    <p>Hinduism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is reflected in suggestions for using everyday language in reports according to the text?

    <p>The use of everyday language in reports</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who founded one of the earliest psychology societies in France?

    <p>Ivan Pavlov</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where did the first meeting of the International Congress of Psychology take place?

    <p>Paris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who administered mental tests to almost 1.8 million soldiers during World War I?

    <p>Robert Yerkes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which foundation funded research on sexuality in the U.S.?

    <p>Rockefeller Foundation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which country did eugenics become a standard topic in psychology classes in the 1910s and 1920s?

    <p>United States</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which historical period was psychology met with antagonism by the scientific and medical establishments in the UK?

    <p>World War II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which university led the way in bringing new psychology to the East and diffused new ideas about psychology from Japan into China?

    <p>Tokyo Imperial University</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who collaborated with the CIA to fund research on psychological warfare in the 1950s?

    <p>Rockefeller Foundation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under whose direction was the Berlin Psychoanalytic Institute renamed the Göring Institute during Nazi Germany?

    <p>Matthias Göring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the etymological meaning of the word psychology?

    <p>The study of soul and spirit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the first to employ the word 'psychology' in its Latin form psychiologia?

    <p>Marko Marulić</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who defined psychology as 'the science of mental life, both of its phenomena and their conditions' in 1890?

    <p>William James</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which philosopher suggested that mental disorders had physical rather than supernatural causes?

    <p>Hippocrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who emphasized the importance of the brain as the center of the nervous system and investigated the causes of dreams and insomnia?

    <p>Wang Qingren</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'The difference between conscious and unconscious awareness is only a matter of degree' was suggested by:

    <p>William James</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Immanuel Kant advance regarding psychology?

    <p>'Anthropology' as a discipline with psychology as an important subdivision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who integrated psychology with societal concerns, promoting progressive education and inculcating moral values in children?

    <p>John Dewey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What institution did Alexander Mitscherlich establish with funding from the Rockefeller Foundation?

    <p>World Health Organization (WHO)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who discovered classical conditioning in dogs?

    <p>Ivan Pavlov</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is reflected in suggestions for using everyday language in reports according to the text?

    <p>The understanding of mental states and behaviors by ordinary people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are psychologists involved in researching according to the text?

    <p>Mental life and behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of biological psychologists?

    <p>Understanding the emergent properties of brains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the scope of psychology as an academic discipline?

    <p>It includes both conscious and unconscious phenomena, mental processes, and behavior of humans and nonhumans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes psychologists involved in research on perception, cognition, attention, and emotion?

    <p>They explore the physiological and neurobiological processes underlying cognitive functions and behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do social scientists in psychology primarily aim to understand?

    <p>The behavior of individuals and groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of psychologists in research on interpersonal relationships, psychological resilience, and family resilience?

    <p>Extending interests to interpersonal relationships and psychological resilience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do behavioral or cognitive scientists attempt to understand?

    <p>The role of mental functions in individual and social behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who became prominent in the field of child development in the Soviet Union?

    <p>Lev Vygotsky</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which period did Jewish psychologists like Lev Vygotsky and A.R. Luria face denouncement?

    <p>Stalinist purges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who were celebrated as heroes of Soviet psychology, even posthumously?

    <p>Stalin and Ivan Pavlov</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event led to a degree of liberalization for Soviet academics?

    <p>Khrushchev Thaw</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Russian state emphasize in the field of psychology?

    <p>Pedology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was promoted as an antidote to sexual repression by the Bolsheviks?

    <p>Psychoanalysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was one of three Americans among the 400 attendees at the first meeting of the International Congress of Psychology in 1889?

    <p>William James</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which university led the way in bringing new psychology to the East and diffused new ideas about psychology from Japan into China?

    <p>Tokyo Imperial University</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who administered mental tests ('Army Alpha' and 'Army Beta') to almost 1.8 million soldiers?

    <p>Robert Yerkes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who funded the National Committee on Mental Hygiene, which disseminated the concept of mental illness and lobbied for applying ideas from psychology to child rearing?

    <p>Rockefeller family</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which period did the U.S. military and intelligence agencies establish themselves as leading funders of psychology?

    <p>World War I and the Cold War</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who collaborated with the CIA in the 1950s to fund research on psychological warfare?

    <p>Rockefeller Foundation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under whose direction was the Berlin Psychoanalytic Institute renamed the Göring Institute?

    <p>Hermann Göring's cousin Matthias Göring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Seelenführung' refers to what according to one physician?

    <p>&quot;Soul guidance&quot;, the leadership of the mind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Psyche', a prominent applied psychoanalysis journal, was founded by whom with funding from the Rockefeller Foundation?

    <p>Alexander Mitscherlich</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who founded the first clinical psychosomatic medicine division at Heidelberg University with funding from the Rockefeller Foundation?

    <p>Alexander Mitscherlich</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who promoted psychology as a way to engineer the 'New Man' of socialism after the Russian Revolution?

    <p>Bolsheviks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with developing the principle that human perception of a stimulus varies logarithmically according to its intensity?

    <p>Gustav Fechner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is known for pioneering the experimental study of memory and developing quantitative models of learning and forgetting?

    <p>Hermann Ebbinghaus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who founded a psychology lab at Johns Hopkins University that became internationally influential?

    <p>G. Stanley Hall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who articulated the idea that individuals experience things as unified wholes, as opposed to reducing thoughts and behavior into smaller component elements?

    <p>Max Wertheimer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who proposed a 'mental chemistry' in which elementary thoughts could combine into ideas of greater complexity?

    <p>John Stuart Mill</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was an early proponent of the idea that the human mind was open to scientific investigation?

    <p>John Stuart Mill</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which philosopher believed that the human mind was open to scientific investigation, even if the science is in some ways inexact?

    <p>John Stuart Mill</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who conducted parallel research on sensory perception and trained physiologist Wilhelm Wundt?

    <p>Hermann von Helmholtz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was one of the earliest contributors to the field, pioneering the experimental study of memory and developing quantitative models of learning and forgetting?

    <p>Hermann Ebbinghaus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who promoted a 'mental chemistry' in which elementary thoughts could combine into ideas of greater complexity?

    <p>John Stuart Mill</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who co-founded the school of Gestalt psychology based on the idea that individuals experience things as unified wholes?

    <p>Max Wertheimer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who focused on breaking down mental processes into the most basic components, motivated in part by an analogy to recent advances in chemistry?

    <p>Wilhelm Wundt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the etymological origin of the word 'psychology'?

    <p>Psyche + logia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the Croatian humanist and Latinist who first used the word psychology in its Latin form?

    <p>Marko Marulić</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who defined psychology as 'the science of mental life, both of its phenomena and their conditions'?

    <p>William James</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Plato suggest about the location of mental processes?

    <p>The heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who conducted parallel research on sensory perception in Heidelberg?

    <p>Hermann von Helmholtz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Russian state emphasize in the field of psychology?

    <p>Child development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Anatomy, which treats the Body, and Psychology, which treats of the Soul.' refers to which dictionary according to the text?

    <p>The Physical Dictionary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'The difference between conscious and unconscious awareness is only a matter of degree' was suggested by:

    <p>Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Scores need to be connected to each other and to the context in which they emerge' is usually associated with which type of assessment situation?

    <p>Clinical assessment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of biological psychologists according to the text?

    <p>The brain and nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who became prominent in the field of child development in the Russian state?

    <p>Hermann von Helmholtz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do social scientists in psychology primarily aim to understand?

    <p>Causal relationships between psychosocial variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the first person to scientifically study human memory?

    <p>Hermann Ebbinghaus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which psychologist reported a memory phenomenon called the recency effect?

    <p>Mary Whiton Calkins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was not impressed with Wundt's introspection technique or Ebbinghaus's research with nonsense syllables?

    <p>William James</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who emphasized the importance of studying how real people use their cognitive processes in the real world?

    <p>Mary Whiton Calkins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who provided clear, detailed descriptions about people's everyday experiences in Principles of Psychology?

    <p>William James</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who examined a variety of factors that might influence performance, such as the amount of time between two presentations of a list of items and nonsense syllables?

    <p>Hermann Ebbinghaus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which researcher was able to conclude that only subjectively important messages would pass through the mental focus block?

    <p>Neville Moray</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which researcher was one of the first to try to characterize the selection process?

    <p>Donald Broadbent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is emphasized as crucial in the book that readers are expected to develop?

    <p>Top-down processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which researcher conducted a review of neuroimaging studies in the area of attention?

    <p>Michael Posner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who defined psychology as 'the science of mental life, both of its phenomena and their conditions' in 1890?

    <p>Wilhelm Wundt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who articulated the principle that human perception of a stimulus varies logarithmically according to its intensity?

    <p>Wilhelm Wundt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was known for discovering classical conditioning in dogs?

    <p>Ivan Pavlov</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which philosopher suggested that mental disorders had physical rather than supernatural causes?

    <p>Plato</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who focused on the mental testing of children?

    <p>Wilhelm Wundt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was renowned for promoting psychology as a mandatory discipline in Prussia's educational system?

    <p>Wilhelm Wundt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who conducted parallel research on sensory perception and trained physiologist Wilhelm Wundt?

    <p>Ivan Pavlov</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the Khrushchev Thaw, which psychologists were celebrated as heroes of Soviet psychology?

    <p>Neville Moray and Donald Broadbent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theoretical perspective in psychology emphasizes focusing on objective, observable reactions to stimuli in the environment?

    <p>Behaviorism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who developed the Information Processing Theory in the 1950s, comparing the human brain to a computer?

    <p>George Miller</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of information processing involves gathering information from the environment?

    <p>Attending</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the phenomenon that allows individuals to focus their auditory attention on a particular stimulus while filtering out other stimuli?

    <p>Cocktail Party Effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event in psychology in the 1950s led to a shift in focus towards internal mental processes driving human behavior?

    <p>Cognitive Revolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was influential in promoting psychology as a separate science and contributed to contemporary cognitive psychology?

    <p>Jean Piaget</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which historical figure's work paved the way for contemporary cognitive psychology and was an outgrowth of historical cognitive psychology?

    <p>Jean Piaget</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the premise of Information Processing Theory regarding the creation of long-term memory?

    <p>Long-term memory creation occurs in stages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cognitive theory compares the human brain to a computer, with 'input' being likened to information given to the brain?

    <p>Information Processing Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the cocktail party effect describe in relation to auditory attention?

    <p>Ability to focus on a single auditory stimulus while filtering others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What historical event led to a shift in psychology's focus towards internal mental processes driving human behavior?

    <p>Cognitive Revolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who developed the theory that describes how our brains filter information from sensory memory to long-term memory?

    <p>George Miller</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of perceptual learning?

    <p>Studying mechanisms of learning and memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of pairing gray squares with squares that differ in the width of their stripes in assessing an infant's visual acuity?

    <p>To estimate the infant's visual acuity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do researchers emphasize about auditory threshold in infants?

    <p>Infants can hear as well as adults</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What leads to the emergence of binocular depth perception in infants around 3-5 months of age?

    <p>Visual experience combined with brain development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age can infants tell the difference between their mother's face and a stranger's face?

    <p>3 months old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Information Processing Theory focus on?

    <p>Encoding information into memory stages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the first person to scientifically study human memory?

    <p>Hermann Ebbinghaus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    (True/False) Behaviorism emphasizes introspection rather than objective, observable reactions.

    Signup and view all the answers

    What was the most prominent theoretical perspective in the United States during the first half of the 20th century?

    <p>Behaviorism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Mary Whiton Calkins report as a memory phenomenon?

    <p>The recency effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

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