Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following best describes the process of transduction in the context of sensation and perception?
Which of the following best describes the process of transduction in the context of sensation and perception?
- The conversion of sensory stimuli into neural signals. (correct)
- The focusing of attention on specific sensory inputs.
- The filtering out of irrelevant sensory information.
- The interpretation of sensory information by the brain.
A person is attending a crowded party and is able to focus on a conversation with a friend despite the surrounding noise. This is an example of what?
A person is attending a crowded party and is able to focus on a conversation with a friend despite the surrounding noise. This is an example of what?
- Sensory adaptation
- Absolute threshold
- Inattentional blindness
- The cocktail party effect (correct)
Which of the following scenarios exemplifies the concept of 'shaping' in operant conditioning?
Which of the following scenarios exemplifies the concept of 'shaping' in operant conditioning?
- A child is given a sticker for every five books they read.
- A rat presses a lever to avoid receiving an electric shock.
- A dog is trained to roll over by rewarding successive approximations of the behavior. (correct)
- A student studies harder after receiving a bad grade on a test.
Which of the following is an example of episodic memory?
Which of the following is an example of episodic memory?
What is the primary difference between proactive and retroactive interference in memory?
What is the primary difference between proactive and retroactive interference in memory?
A researcher is conducting a study on inattentional blindness. Which experimental design would be MOST appropriate?
A researcher is conducting a study on inattentional blindness. Which experimental design would be MOST appropriate?
Which of the following best illustrates the concept of sensory adaptation?
Which of the following best illustrates the concept of sensory adaptation?
Which of the following reinforcement schedules typically produces the highest rate of response?
Which of the following reinforcement schedules typically produces the highest rate of response?
What is the main implication of the 'Little Albert' experiment in the context of classical conditioning?
What is the main implication of the 'Little Albert' experiment in the context of classical conditioning?
Which type of long-term memory is LEAST likely to be affected by damage to the hippocampus?
Which type of long-term memory is LEAST likely to be affected by damage to the hippocampus?
Flashcards
Sensory Adaptation
Sensory Adaptation
Diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation.
Absolute Threshold
Absolute Threshold
Minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time.
Just Noticeable Difference (JND)
Just Noticeable Difference (JND)
The smallest difference in stimulation that a person can detect 50 percent of the time.
Classical Conditioning
Classical Conditioning
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Operant Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
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Observational Learning
Observational Learning
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Memory Definition
Memory Definition
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Sensory Memory
Sensory Memory
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Declarative Memory
Declarative Memory
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Nondeclarative Memory
Nondeclarative Memory
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Study Notes
- Study guide for Exam 2 in Intro to Psychological Science.
Consciousness
- Sleep disorders include insomnia, sleep apnea, and REM sleep behavior disorder.
Sensation and Perception
- Sensation and perception definitions are key.
- Transduction is an important process.
- Inattentional blindness and change blindness demonstrate perceptual limitations.
- Signal detection is a concept in perception.
- Cocktail party effect showcases selective attention.
- Attentional bias influences perception.
- Sensory adaptation occurs.
- Top-down and bottom-up processing are different approaches to perception.
- Absolute threshold is important.
- Just noticeable differences are relevant.
- Taste perception and supertasters are involved.
- Olfactory perception is the process by which olfaction occurs.
- Visual perception is important.
- Eye anatomy includes the pupil, lens, cornea, iris, retina, fovea, rods, and cones.
- Auditory perception is important.
- Touch perception is important.
Learning
- Implicit and explicit learning are different types of learning.
- Classical conditioning involves UCS, CS, UCR, and CR.
- Overdoses frequently occur in hotels/motels due to associated environmental cues.
- Food aversion can occur in chemotherapy/conditioning interventions.
- Trial learning involves acquisition, extinction, extinction burst, and spontaneous recovery.
- Little Albert demonstrates the generalization of fear.
- Prepared learning is important.
- Operant conditioning/Law of Effect:
- Positive and negative reinforcement/punishment.
- Reinforcement schedules and expected response patterns:
- Fixed ratio, fixed interval, variable interval, variable ratio
- Shaping is a technique.
- Observational learning involves the Bandura bobo doll study.
Memory
- Loftus false memory study shows the malleability of memory.
- Encoding, storage, and retrieval are key processes.
- Visual, rhyme, and semantic judgments impact retrieval.
- Storage structure includes sensory, iconic, echoic, nonsensory, short-term "working", and long-term memory.
- Long-term memory structure:
- Declarative, episodic, semantic, nondeclarative/procedural, conditioning, skill learning, and priming.
- Recall effects include primary/recency, state-dependent retrieval, and DRM paradigm.
- Amnesia can be anterograde or retrograde.
- Sins of memory include proactive and retroactive interference.
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