68 Questions
What is the blood pressure goal for individuals aged 60 and older?
150 over 90
What is the blood pressure goal for individuals aged 59 and younger?
140 over 90
For black patients, what is the first-line treatment for hypertension?
Calcium Channel Blockers
Which medication should be avoided as an initial treatment in black patients with hypertension?
ACE Inhibitor
What is the recommended initial treatment for non-black patients with hypertension?
Calcium Channel Blockers
How often should individuals aged 40 years or older with risk factors get their blood pressure screened?
Every year
If someone comes in with an elevated blood pressure reading for the first time, what should be done?
Initiate lifestyle changes and perform ambulatory monitoring at home
How often should adults aged 40 or older with risk factors for hypertension get their blood pressure screening done?
Every year
What is the recommended frequency for blood pressure screening for adults aged 18 to 39 with no risk factors according to the text?
Every 3-5 years
In the clinical scenario provided, what is the first step recommended for a patient with an elevated first-time blood pressure reading?
Encourage lifestyle changes
What percentage of patients may experience white coat hypertension during in-office blood pressure readings?
30%
What is the recommended action if a patient has an elevated first-time blood pressure reading after lifestyle changes are implemented?
Continue lifestyle changes
Which age group should have blood pressure screening done every 3-5 years if they have no risk factors for hypertension?
Ages 18-39
What is the significance of ambulatory monitoring in the context of blood pressure management?
It helps confirm hypertension diagnosis
In the clinical scenario, why is it important to encourage lifestyle changes first for elevated blood pressure readings?
To improve overall health
What does white coat hypertension refer to in the context of blood pressure readings?
High blood pressure readings due to nervousness
What does USPSTF stand for?
United States Preventive Services Task Force
What does a grade A recommendation from USPSTF signify?
Substantial net benefit with high certainty
For a grade C recommendation from USPSTF, what is the main reason clinicians provide the service selectively?
Professional judgment and patient preference
What does a grade D recommendation from USPSTF indicate?
No net benefit or harms outweigh benefits
According to USPSTF recommendations, how should clinicians react to a grade D recommendation?
Discourage the use of the service
What type of recommendations do clinicians receive for grade B recommendations from USPSTF?
Strong encouragement to provide the service
How does USPSTF classify a situation when they assign a grade C recommendation for a service?
'Selectively Offer'
'Net benefit is moderate or substantial' relates to which grade of recommendation from USPSTF?
'Grade B'
'Substantial net benefit with high certainty' describes which grade of recommendation from USPSTF?
'Grade A'
'Encourage provision based on professional judgment' aligns with which recommendation grade from USPSTF?
'Grade A'
What part of hemoglobin does the fit test detect?
Globin
What does the fecal occult blood test detect?
Heme
Which test could be an indication of abnormal cell growth?
Fit - DNA test
What is the most frequent recommendation for colon cancer screening according to the USPSTF?
Colonoscopy every 10 years
Which test can you perform at home and send back to the lab for results?
Fit DNA test
How often should the fecal occult blood test be done?
Yearly
Which test is an exception to the yearly option in stool-based testing?
Fit DNA test
What mnemonic is suggested for remembering the frequency of sigmoidoscopy and CT angiography screenings?
'Angio' and 'Freud'
'Fit - DNA' test includes a DNA test to look for abnormalities in which type of cells?
'Hyperplastic cells'
If a family member was diagnosed with colon cancer at age 52, when should the individual start their screening?
At age 40
'Fit - DNA' test can be ordered to be done at home, making it more convenient than which procedure?
'Colonoscopy'
Which genetic conditions predispose individuals to a greater risk of colon cancer?
Lynch syndrome and Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP)
'Sigmund Freud' mnemonic is used for remembering the frequency of which screening procedure?
'Sigmoidoscopy'
What is the recommended follow-up interval for individuals with high-risk adenomas found during a colonoscopy?
3 years
Which type of polyp typically requires a follow-up colonoscopy in 10 years?
Hyperplastic polyps <10mm
At what age should breast cancer screening commence according to the text?
50
What grade of recommendation did the USPSTF assign to breast self-exams according to the text?
Grade II
What is the main difference between a colonoscopy and a sigmoidoscopy?
The area of the intestine that is examined
Which screening method involves dye being put into the blood vessels supplying the colon?
CT angiography
What does 'angiography' refer to in CT angiography?
Blood vessel imaging
Which test aims to detect hidden blood in the stool?
Fecal occult blood testing
What does 'occult' mean in 'fecal occult blood test'?
Hidden
In fecal immunochemical testing (FIT), what component are they specifically looking for?
Globen
Which screening method is considered the most effective according to most gastrointestinal doctors?
Colonoscopy
What is the frequency of cervical cancer screening recommended for individuals aged 21 to 30 by the USPSTF?
Pap smear every 3 years
In which age range is Co testing, a combination of pap smear and HPV testing, recommended for cervical cancer screening according to the USPSTF?
30-65
What is the USPSTF recommendation regarding cervical cancer screening for sexually active individuals below the age of 21?
No testing until age 21
What psychological harm-related concern is highlighted as a reason not to screen individuals below the age of 21 for cervical cancer?
Potential for false positives
What is the significance of Co testing for cervical cancer screening?
To improve detection rates of abnormal cell changes
Why is it important for healthcare professionals to be aware of the recommended age range for cervical cancer screening?
To ensure appropriate adherence to evidence-based guidelines
In breast cancer screening, what is the next best step if a patient is less than 30 years old and feels a lump on her breast?
Mammography
For patients older than 30 years who feel a lump on their breast, what is the recommended next step in breast cancer screening?
Mammography
What is the mnemonic suggested in the text for remembering the next best step in breast cancer screening based on patient age?
Ultrasound - Under 30, Mammogram - More than 30
What is the USPSTF recommendation regarding self-exams for breast cancer screening?
Not recommended
What technique involves testing for the human papilloma virus (HPV) in cervical cancer screening?
Fine Needle Aspiration
What does cytology or the pap smear involve in cervical cancer screening?
Collecting cell samples from the cervix
'Ultrasound under 30 and mammogram more than 30' is a mnemonic used for which type of cancer screening?
Breast cancer
'Watchful waiting' is a strategy recommended in breast cancer screening for what purpose?
Active surveillance of a suspicious lump
'Fine needle aspiration' is commonly used in breast cancer screening for what reason?
To obtain a biopsy sample from a suspicious lump
'Cytology' refers to which specific technique in cervical cancer screening?
'Cytology' refers to examining cell samples from the cervix
What type of examination uses a brush to take cell samples from the cervix in cervical cancer screening?
Pap smear or cytology examination
Which technique involves looking at cell samples under a microscope in cervical cancer screening?
Cytology or Pap smear examinaion
Explore the theme of psychological harm in medical tests, particularly in cases where false positives can lead to unnecessary distress. Learn about situations where self-exams or certain tests have lower recommendations due to the risk of causing psychological harm.
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