Psychological Harm in Medical Tests

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Questions and Answers

What is the blood pressure goal for individuals aged 60 and older?

  • 130 over 80
  • 150 over 90 (correct)
  • 140 over 90
  • 160 over 100

What is the blood pressure goal for individuals aged 59 and younger?

  • 150 over 90
  • 140 over 90 (correct)
  • 160 over 100
  • 130 over 80

For black patients, what is the first-line treatment for hypertension?

  • Thiazides
  • Beta Blockers
  • ACE Inhibitor or ARB
  • Calcium Channel Blockers (correct)

Which medication should be avoided as an initial treatment in black patients with hypertension?

<p>ACE Inhibitor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended initial treatment for non-black patients with hypertension?

<p>Calcium Channel Blockers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How often should individuals aged 40 years or older with risk factors get their blood pressure screened?

<p>Every year (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If someone comes in with an elevated blood pressure reading for the first time, what should be done?

<p>Initiate lifestyle changes and perform ambulatory monitoring at home (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How often should adults aged 40 or older with risk factors for hypertension get their blood pressure screening done?

<p>Every year (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended frequency for blood pressure screening for adults aged 18 to 39 with no risk factors according to the text?

<p>Every 3-5 years (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the clinical scenario provided, what is the first step recommended for a patient with an elevated first-time blood pressure reading?

<p>Encourage lifestyle changes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of patients may experience white coat hypertension during in-office blood pressure readings?

<p>30% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended action if a patient has an elevated first-time blood pressure reading after lifestyle changes are implemented?

<p>Continue lifestyle changes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which age group should have blood pressure screening done every 3-5 years if they have no risk factors for hypertension?

<p>Ages 18-39 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of ambulatory monitoring in the context of blood pressure management?

<p>It helps confirm hypertension diagnosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the clinical scenario, why is it important to encourage lifestyle changes first for elevated blood pressure readings?

<p>To improve overall health (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does white coat hypertension refer to in the context of blood pressure readings?

<p><strong>High</strong> blood pressure readings due to nervousness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does USPSTF stand for?

<p>United States Preventive Services Task Force (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a grade A recommendation from USPSTF signify?

<p>Substantial net benefit with high certainty (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For a grade C recommendation from USPSTF, what is the main reason clinicians provide the service selectively?

<p>Professional judgment and patient preference (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a grade D recommendation from USPSTF indicate?

<p>No net benefit or harms outweigh benefits (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to USPSTF recommendations, how should clinicians react to a grade D recommendation?

<p>Discourage the use of the service (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of recommendations do clinicians receive for grade B recommendations from USPSTF?

<p>Strong encouragement to provide the service (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does USPSTF classify a situation when they assign a grade C recommendation for a service?

<p>'Selectively Offer' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Net benefit is moderate or substantial' relates to which grade of recommendation from USPSTF?

<p>'Grade B' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Substantial net benefit with high certainty' describes which grade of recommendation from USPSTF?

<p>'Grade A' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Encourage provision based on professional judgment' aligns with which recommendation grade from USPSTF?

<p>'Grade A' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What part of hemoglobin does the fit test detect?

<p>Globin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the fecal occult blood test detect?

<p>Heme (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which test could be an indication of abnormal cell growth?

<p>Fit - DNA test (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most frequent recommendation for colon cancer screening according to the USPSTF?

<p>Colonoscopy every 10 years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which test can you perform at home and send back to the lab for results?

<p>Fit DNA test (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How often should the fecal occult blood test be done?

<p>Yearly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which test is an exception to the yearly option in stool-based testing?

<p>Fit DNA test (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What mnemonic is suggested for remembering the frequency of sigmoidoscopy and CT angiography screenings?

<p>'Angio' and 'Freud' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Fit - DNA' test includes a DNA test to look for abnormalities in which type of cells?

<p>'Hyperplastic cells' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a family member was diagnosed with colon cancer at age 52, when should the individual start their screening?

<p>At age 40 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Fit - DNA' test can be ordered to be done at home, making it more convenient than which procedure?

<p>'Colonoscopy' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which genetic conditions predispose individuals to a greater risk of colon cancer?

<p>Lynch syndrome and Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Sigmund Freud' mnemonic is used for remembering the frequency of which screening procedure?

<p>'Sigmoidoscopy' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended follow-up interval for individuals with high-risk adenomas found during a colonoscopy?

<p>3 years (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of polyp typically requires a follow-up colonoscopy in 10 years?

<p>Hyperplastic polyps &lt;10mm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age should breast cancer screening commence according to the text?

<p>50 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What grade of recommendation did the USPSTF assign to breast self-exams according to the text?

<p>Grade II (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between a colonoscopy and a sigmoidoscopy?

<p>The area of the intestine that is examined (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which screening method involves dye being put into the blood vessels supplying the colon?

<p>CT angiography (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'angiography' refer to in CT angiography?

<p>Blood vessel imaging (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which test aims to detect hidden blood in the stool?

<p>Fecal occult blood testing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'occult' mean in 'fecal occult blood test'?

<p>Hidden (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In fecal immunochemical testing (FIT), what component are they specifically looking for?

<p>Globen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which screening method is considered the most effective according to most gastrointestinal doctors?

<p>Colonoscopy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the frequency of cervical cancer screening recommended for individuals aged 21 to 30 by the USPSTF?

<p>Pap smear every 3 years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which age range is Co testing, a combination of pap smear and HPV testing, recommended for cervical cancer screening according to the USPSTF?

<p>30-65 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the USPSTF recommendation regarding cervical cancer screening for sexually active individuals below the age of 21?

<p>No testing until age 21 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What psychological harm-related concern is highlighted as a reason not to screen individuals below the age of 21 for cervical cancer?

<p>Potential for false positives (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Co testing for cervical cancer screening?

<p>To improve detection rates of abnormal cell changes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for healthcare professionals to be aware of the recommended age range for cervical cancer screening?

<p>To ensure appropriate adherence to evidence-based guidelines (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In breast cancer screening, what is the next best step if a patient is less than 30 years old and feels a lump on her breast?

<p>Mammography (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For patients older than 30 years who feel a lump on their breast, what is the recommended next step in breast cancer screening?

<p>Mammography (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mnemonic suggested in the text for remembering the next best step in breast cancer screening based on patient age?

<p>Ultrasound - Under 30, Mammogram - More than 30 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the USPSTF recommendation regarding self-exams for breast cancer screening?

<p>Not recommended (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What technique involves testing for the human papilloma virus (HPV) in cervical cancer screening?

<p>Fine Needle Aspiration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does cytology or the pap smear involve in cervical cancer screening?

<p>Collecting cell samples from the cervix (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Ultrasound under 30 and mammogram more than 30' is a mnemonic used for which type of cancer screening?

<p>Breast cancer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Watchful waiting' is a strategy recommended in breast cancer screening for what purpose?

<p>Active surveillance of a suspicious lump (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Fine needle aspiration' is commonly used in breast cancer screening for what reason?

<p>To obtain a biopsy sample from a suspicious lump (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Cytology' refers to which specific technique in cervical cancer screening?

<p>'Cytology' refers to examining cell samples from the cervix (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of examination uses a brush to take cell samples from the cervix in cervical cancer screening?

<p>Pap smear or cytology examination (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which technique involves looking at cell samples under a microscope in cervical cancer screening?

<p>Cytology or Pap smear examinaion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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