Psychological Harm in Medical Tests
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Questions and Answers

What is the blood pressure goal for individuals aged 60 and older?

  • 130 over 80
  • 150 over 90 (correct)
  • 140 over 90
  • 160 over 100

    • What is the blood pressure goal for individuals aged 59 and younger?

  • 150 over 90
  • 140 over 90 (correct)
  • 160 over 100
  • 130 over 80

    • For black patients, what is the first-line treatment for hypertension?

  • Thiazides
  • Beta Blockers
  • ACE Inhibitor or ARB
  • Calcium Channel Blockers (correct)

    • Which medication should be avoided as an initial treatment in black patients with hypertension?

    <p>ACE Inhibitor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended initial treatment for non-black patients with hypertension?

    <p>Calcium Channel Blockers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often should individuals aged 40 years or older with risk factors get their blood pressure screened?

    <p>Every year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If someone comes in with an elevated blood pressure reading for the first time, what should be done?

    <p>Initiate lifestyle changes and perform ambulatory monitoring at home</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often should adults aged 40 or older with risk factors for hypertension get their blood pressure screening done?

    <p>Every year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended frequency for blood pressure screening for adults aged 18 to 39 with no risk factors according to the text?

    <p>Every 3-5 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the clinical scenario provided, what is the first step recommended for a patient with an elevated first-time blood pressure reading?

    <p>Encourage lifestyle changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of patients may experience white coat hypertension during in-office blood pressure readings?

    <p>30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended action if a patient has an elevated first-time blood pressure reading after lifestyle changes are implemented?

    <p>Continue lifestyle changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group should have blood pressure screening done every 3-5 years if they have no risk factors for hypertension?

    <p>Ages 18-39</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of ambulatory monitoring in the context of blood pressure management?

    <p>It helps confirm hypertension diagnosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the clinical scenario, why is it important to encourage lifestyle changes first for elevated blood pressure readings?

    <p>To improve overall health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does white coat hypertension refer to in the context of blood pressure readings?

    <p><strong>High</strong> blood pressure readings due to nervousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does USPSTF stand for?

    <p>United States Preventive Services Task Force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a grade A recommendation from USPSTF signify?

    <p>Substantial net benefit with high certainty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For a grade C recommendation from USPSTF, what is the main reason clinicians provide the service selectively?

    <p>Professional judgment and patient preference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a grade D recommendation from USPSTF indicate?

    <p>No net benefit or harms outweigh benefits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to USPSTF recommendations, how should clinicians react to a grade D recommendation?

    <p>Discourage the use of the service</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of recommendations do clinicians receive for grade B recommendations from USPSTF?

    <p>Strong encouragement to provide the service</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does USPSTF classify a situation when they assign a grade C recommendation for a service?

    <p>'Selectively Offer'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Net benefit is moderate or substantial' relates to which grade of recommendation from USPSTF?

    <p>'Grade B'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Substantial net benefit with high certainty' describes which grade of recommendation from USPSTF?

    <p>'Grade A'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Encourage provision based on professional judgment' aligns with which recommendation grade from USPSTF?

    <p>'Grade A'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of hemoglobin does the fit test detect?

    <p>Globin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the fecal occult blood test detect?

    <p>Heme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test could be an indication of abnormal cell growth?

    <p>Fit - DNA test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most frequent recommendation for colon cancer screening according to the USPSTF?

    <p>Colonoscopy every 10 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test can you perform at home and send back to the lab for results?

    <p>Fit DNA test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often should the fecal occult blood test be done?

    <p>Yearly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is an exception to the yearly option in stool-based testing?

    <p>Fit DNA test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mnemonic is suggested for remembering the frequency of sigmoidoscopy and CT angiography screenings?

    <p>'Angio' and 'Freud'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Fit - DNA' test includes a DNA test to look for abnormalities in which type of cells?

    <p>'Hyperplastic cells'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a family member was diagnosed with colon cancer at age 52, when should the individual start their screening?

    <p>At age 40</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Fit - DNA' test can be ordered to be done at home, making it more convenient than which procedure?

    <p>'Colonoscopy'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which genetic conditions predispose individuals to a greater risk of colon cancer?

    <p>Lynch syndrome and Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Sigmund Freud' mnemonic is used for remembering the frequency of which screening procedure?

    <p>'Sigmoidoscopy'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended follow-up interval for individuals with high-risk adenomas found during a colonoscopy?

    <p>3 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of polyp typically requires a follow-up colonoscopy in 10 years?

    <p>Hyperplastic polyps &lt;10mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age should breast cancer screening commence according to the text?

    <p>50</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What grade of recommendation did the USPSTF assign to breast self-exams according to the text?

    <p>Grade II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a colonoscopy and a sigmoidoscopy?

    <p>The area of the intestine that is examined</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which screening method involves dye being put into the blood vessels supplying the colon?

    <p>CT angiography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'angiography' refer to in CT angiography?

    <p>Blood vessel imaging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test aims to detect hidden blood in the stool?

    <p>Fecal occult blood testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'occult' mean in 'fecal occult blood test'?

    <p>Hidden</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In fecal immunochemical testing (FIT), what component are they specifically looking for?

    <p>Globen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which screening method is considered the most effective according to most gastrointestinal doctors?

    <p>Colonoscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the frequency of cervical cancer screening recommended for individuals aged 21 to 30 by the USPSTF?

    <p>Pap smear every 3 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which age range is Co testing, a combination of pap smear and HPV testing, recommended for cervical cancer screening according to the USPSTF?

    <p>30-65</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the USPSTF recommendation regarding cervical cancer screening for sexually active individuals below the age of 21?

    <p>No testing until age 21</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What psychological harm-related concern is highlighted as a reason not to screen individuals below the age of 21 for cervical cancer?

    <p>Potential for false positives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Co testing for cervical cancer screening?

    <p>To improve detection rates of abnormal cell changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important for healthcare professionals to be aware of the recommended age range for cervical cancer screening?

    <p>To ensure appropriate adherence to evidence-based guidelines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In breast cancer screening, what is the next best step if a patient is less than 30 years old and feels a lump on her breast?

    <p>Mammography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For patients older than 30 years who feel a lump on their breast, what is the recommended next step in breast cancer screening?

    <p>Mammography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mnemonic suggested in the text for remembering the next best step in breast cancer screening based on patient age?

    <p>Ultrasound - Under 30, Mammogram - More than 30</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the USPSTF recommendation regarding self-exams for breast cancer screening?

    <p>Not recommended</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technique involves testing for the human papilloma virus (HPV) in cervical cancer screening?

    <p>Fine Needle Aspiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does cytology or the pap smear involve in cervical cancer screening?

    <p>Collecting cell samples from the cervix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Ultrasound under 30 and mammogram more than 30' is a mnemonic used for which type of cancer screening?

    <p>Breast cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Watchful waiting' is a strategy recommended in breast cancer screening for what purpose?

    <p>Active surveillance of a suspicious lump</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Fine needle aspiration' is commonly used in breast cancer screening for what reason?

    <p>To obtain a biopsy sample from a suspicious lump</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Cytology' refers to which specific technique in cervical cancer screening?

    <p>'Cytology' refers to examining cell samples from the cervix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of examination uses a brush to take cell samples from the cervix in cervical cancer screening?

    <p>Pap smear or cytology examination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique involves looking at cell samples under a microscope in cervical cancer screening?

    <p>Cytology or Pap smear examinaion</p> Signup and view all the answers

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