Psychiatric Nursing and Mental Health Overview

According to Freud, the ID represents basic instincts and desires, the ego operates on the reality principle, mediating between the ID and the superego, and the superego embodies morality and societal expectations.

True (A)

<p>self-awareness</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pill rolling (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Slowed speech (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Psychotherapy, also known as talk therapy, aims to provide a safe and structured environment for clients to explore their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, working towards resolving emotional and behavioral issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Displacement = Transferring feelings to a less threatening object rather than the one who provoked it. Rationalization = Making up excuses to justify socially unacceptable behavior. Projection = Attributing to others one's unacceptable trait. Denial = Failure to acknowledge an unacceptable trait or situation. Sublimation = Placing sexual energies towards a more productive endeavor. Regression = Return to an earlier developmental stage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electrolyte (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oral = 0-18 months Anal = 18 months - 3 years Phallic/Oedipal = 3 years - 5 years Latency = 5 years - Puberty</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trust vs. Mistrust = 0-12 months Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt = 1-3 years Initiative vs. Guilt = 3-6 years Industry vs. Inferiority = 6-12 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Promote health = Enhancing overall well-being Prevent mental illness = Reducing the risk of psychological disorders Participate in treatment = Engaging in patient rehabilitation processes Find meaning = Helping patients understand their experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Well-being = Realizing one's own abilities and coping with stress Mental disorder = A condition affecting daily living Contribution to community = Making impactful efforts within society Normalization = Coping effectively with life's normal stresses</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetic constitution = Inherited traits influencing personality Psychological development = Changes in an individual's mental state Culture = Environmental factors shaping personality Personality = The unique characteristics of an individual</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oral = Gratification from oral activities Anal = Gratification from control over elimination Phallic/Oedipal = Gratification related to parental relationships Latency = Repression of sexual feelings</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hope = Emerges from trust in infancy Will = Results from autonomy in early childhood Purpose = Develops through initiative in play Competence = Grows from industry in school-age children</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ability to cope = Managing normal life stressors Productive work = Engagement in meaningful activities Self-realization = Understanding and utilizing one’s abilities Community contribution = Participating in society’s betterment</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Delusion = False belief that is inconsistent with one’s knowledge and culture Management = Clarification of the meaning Reference = This song has a secret message just for me Engage in reality-based activity = Where do you think the voices are coming from?</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Divert the attention = Remove radio/people from surrounding Talk back to the voices = Labanan nya ang boses / command Reintegrate with the milieu = Engage in activities within the environment Acknowledge the feelings = You seem upset</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Paranoid = Delusions of persecution or conspiracy Disorganized = Incoherent speech and behavior Catatonic = Unresponsiveness and rigid postures Residual = Societal withdrawal and negative symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1 = Clarification of the meaning 2 = Engage in reality-based activities 3 = Voice Doubt 4 = Acknowledgment of feelings</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Milieu = Environment surrounding the individual Reality-testing = Assess the authenticity of beliefs Self-reflection = Consider personal feelings and thoughts Compassion = Understanding others’ emotional states</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intimate Distance = Up to 18 inches, used for personal care Personal Space = 18 inches to 4 ft, used for patient interviews Social Space = 4 to 12 ft, suitable for lectures Public Space = Beyond 12 ft, used for public speaking</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exploring = Encouraging the client to provide more information Giving Broad Openings = Allowing general topics for patient discussion Accepting = Validating the client's concerns Acknowledging or Giving Recognition = Noticing and affirming the client's situation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intimate Distance = Closest personal contact, up to 18 inches Personal Space = Moderate distance for personal interaction, 18 inches to 4 ft Social Space = Normal social interaction distance, 4 to 12 ft Public Space = Distance used for public engagement, beyond 12 ft</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exploring = Tell me more about that Giving Broad Openings = Would you describe your responsibilities Accepting = I understand your concerns Acknowledging = I noticed that you’ve made improvements</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intimate Distance = Physical examinations Personal Space = Handover of health education Social Space = Group therapy sessions Public Space = Conferences and seminars</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'I’m not sure I understand' = Seeking clarification 'Would you describe your responsibilities?' = Requesting elaboration 'Is there something you’d like to discuss?' = Encouraging patient dialogue 'I notice that you’ve improved' = Recognizing patient change</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intimate Distance = Personal care like catheterization Personal Space = Health teaching sessions Social Space = Conducting lectures Public Space = Addressing a general audience</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exploring = Allows deeper understanding of the client's needs Giving Broad Openings = Facilitates a free flow of conversation Accepting = Conveys respect for the client’s viewpoint Acknowledging = Validates the client's presence and contributions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Offering Self = Expressing willingness to provide support Presenting Reality = Clarifying misinterpretations of reality Making Observations = Noticing and commenting on behavior Informing = Providing information in a clear manner</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Close-ended Questions = Questions that can be answered with yes or no Direct Questions = Inquiries that elicit specific answers Open-ended Questions = Questions that encourage elaboration Leading Questions = Questions that suggest a particular answer</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False Reassurances = Invalidates the patient's feelings Defending = Protecting someone or something from criticism Judging = Evaluating the client's behavior negatively Belittling = Minimizing the client's concerns</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acknowledge client's feelings = Validates emotions and experiences Voice doubts = Encourages reflection on inaccuracies Encouragement = Motivates the client to persist Reassurance = Provides comfort and support</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Suicidal Ideation = 'Are you going to kill yourself?' Alzheimer's Patient = 'Do you want pokpok?' Feeling Overwhelmed = 'I know it isn’t easy, but you can do it' Experiencing Delusions = 'I see no one else in the room'</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vocal Cues = Enhances message delivery Empathy = Builds trust and rapport Active Listening = Demonstrates understanding Clarification = Ensures accurate understanding of messages</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Offering Self = 'I’ll sit with you in a while' Health Teaching = 'I’ll be your nurse for today' Making Observations = 'You appear tense' Presenting Reality = 'I find it hard to believe'</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elaboration = Encourages deeper discussion Summarization = Clarifies and condenses information Reflective Responses = Mirrors the client’s feelings Supportive Responses = Provides affirmation and caring</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Depressed mood = Feelings of hopelessness and emptiness Anhedonia = Loss of joy or interest in life Psychomotor retardation = Slowness of thought and movement Insomnia = Difficulty in sleeping at night</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kind firmness = Use of gentle yet firm approach to encourage clients Offering self = Providing personal presence and support Motivate = Encouraging recall of successful past moments Engage in social activities = Encouraging participation in group events</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypomania = Increased energy and euphoria Major depression = Severe form of depression with significant impairment Hypo Depression = States of excessive loneliness and worthlessness Mania = Extreme elation often combined with psychotic features</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Small frequent meals = To avoid large gaps in eating and maintain energy High calorie foods = To ensure adequate caloric intake Stay with client during meals = To provide supportive presence during eating Balanced diet = To promote overall health and well-being</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chlorpromazine (Thorazine) = First generation drug Aripiprazole (Abilify) = Second generation drug Haloperidol (Haldol) = First generation drug Olanzapine (Zyprexa) = Second generation drug</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Feelings of worthlessness = Negative self-perception leading to withdrawal Fatigue = Lack of energy and motivation to participate Suicidal thoughts = Recurrent thoughts of self-harm or ending life Difficulty in concentration = Challenges in focusing on tasks or activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Waxy flexibility = Rigidity and posturing Mutism = Lack of verbal response Negativism = Opposition to instructions Psychomotor disturbances = Abnormal motor behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fluphenazine Decanoate = Administer in the same form always Clozapine (Clozaril) = Do not hide tablets Quetiapine (Seroquel) = Do not hide in food Thioridazine (Mellaril) = Explain to the client the reason administering the drug</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyperactivity = Excessive movement and energy Restlessness = Inability to remain still or calm Increased sex drive = Heightened libido and sexual interest Euphoria = Intense feelings of happiness or elation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anergia = Lack of energy for daily activities Weight changes = Significant gain or loss of weight Sleep disturbances = Insomnia or hypersomnia-sleep issues Low self-esteem = Feelings of inadequacy and guilt</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>-azine = First generation drugs -pine = Second generation drugs -dol = First generation drugs -done = Second generation drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Psychomotor agitation = Restlessness and inability to relax Hypersomnia = Prolonged sleeping often with increased fatigue Anorexia = Loss of appetite and weight reduction Suicidal ideation = Recurring thoughts of death or self-infliction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Positive symptoms = Hallucinations and delusions Negative symptoms = Affective flattening Psychomotor disturbances = Increased physical movement Autism = Social withdrawal</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Do not hide tablets = Ensure patient receives medication Explain drug reasons = Enhance patient compliance Do not hide in food = Prevent altered drug effectiveness Administer same form = Maintain consistency in treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Autism = Social withdrawal and emotional detachment Mutism = Absence of verbal communication Rigidity = Stiffness and immobility Posturing = Adopting unusual body positions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Explain to the client = Increases understanding and adherence Do not hide tablets = Ensures medication efficacy Administer drugs in same form = Establishes routine Avoid hiding medications in food = Prevent alteration of medication effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

Interpersonal process where a nurse uses therapeutic self to promote health, prevent mental illness, and treat the mentally ill.

State of well-being where an individual realizes abilities, copes with stress, works productively, and contributes to society.

Result of genetics, development, and culture; can be changed.

Stages of development focused on libido (pleasure principle).

Stages of development focused on social factors.

Psychosexual stage (0-18 months); focused on mouth gratification.

Psychosocial stage (0-12 months); focused on consistent caregiving.

Psychosexual stage (18 months - 3 years); focused on controlling elimination.

Psychosocial stage (1-3 years); focused on independence.

Psychosexual stage (3-5 years); focus on genitals and opposite-sex attraction.

Psychosocial stage (3-6 years); focused on initiating activities.

Freud's personality component; pleasure principle, unconscious desires.

Freud's personality component; reality principle, mediator.

Freud's personality component; morality principle, conscience.

Nurse's genuine self to help client's health.

Communication through body language.

Body language, including facial expressions and posture.

Physical distance between communicators.

Vocal cues, tone, and voice quality during communication.

Physical space within 18 inches of another person, appropriate for activities like enemas, BP checks, and catheterization.

A false belief that is not consistent with a person's knowledge or culture.

Strategies to help a person with delusions understand reality and manage their feelings.

The zone between 18 inches and 4 feet, typically used for patient interviews and health teaching.

A technique used to challenge delusional beliefs by questioning their validity.

The zone from 4 to 12 feet used for interactions like lectures and group therapies.

Activities that help a person with delusions focus on the real world, grounding them in the present.

Beyond 12 feet, used for public speaking and large gatherings.

Encouraging the client to provide more details about a topic by asking questions like "Tell me more." or "Would you describe your responsibilities?"

The environment or setting that surrounds a person.

Providing a general direction for conversation with open-ended questions like "Is there something you’d like to do?"

Acknowledging the client's concerns without judgment or minimizing them.

Recognizing the client's actions or feelings without praise.

Libido, or the pleasure principle, is the driving force behind human behavior in Freud's theory, specifically focused on different erogenous zones.

The first stage in Freud's theory, spanning from 0 to 18 months, where gratification is centered around the mouth, such as sucking and biting.

The second stage (18 months to 3 years) in Freud's theory where the focus shifts to control over elimination, including potty training.

The third stage (3 to 5 years) in Freud's theory where children develop a sexual attraction towards the parent of the opposite gender, also known as the Oedipus Complex.

The first stage in Erikson's theory, from 0 to 12 months, where a consistent and nurturing caregiver helps develop trust, whereas inconsistent care can lead to mistrust.

The second stage in Erikson's theory, from 1 to 3 years, where children learn to be independent and make their own choices, fostering autonomy, or feel shame and doubt if their attempts are thwarted.

The third stage in Erikson's theory, from 3 to 6 years, where children learn to take initiative in exploring their surroundings and engaging in activities, or develop guilt if their efforts are criticized or punished.

Erikson's theory focuses on social factors, like relationships and interactions with others, and how they shape an individual's development, highlighting the importance of social interaction in developing a healthy identity.

Encouraging a client to face difficult truths without judgment or pressure. This approach involves validating their feelings while gently challenging their distorted thoughts or behaviors. It focuses on helping the client recognize and address their own struggles.

Dismissing a client's worries with platitudes or overly optimistic statements, which invalidates their feelings and minimizes their concerns. This approach can make the client feel unheard and discouraged.

Addressing a client's delusions or false beliefs by gently providing factual information. This helps the client re-evaluate their distorted perceptions and develop a more realistic view of the world.

Expressing willingness to be there for the client, showing genuine care and support. This involves offering presence, empathy, and a safe space for the client to share their thoughts and feelings.

Expressing impartial observations about the client's behavior without making judgments or interpretations. This allows the client to become aware of their own behavior and feelings and encourages self-reflection.

Offering opinions or criticism about the client's behavior or choices. This approach hinders the therapeutic relationship by creating a sense of shame and discouragement.

Asking 'why' questions can be intrusive and lead to defensiveness or self-blame. These types of questions can make the client feel interrogated or pressured to explain themselves.

Dismissing the client's feelings or minimizing their experiences with phrases that lack empathy. This approach makes the client feel unheard and invalidated.

A type of schizophrenia marked by psychomotor disturbances like rigidity, posturing, negativism, and mutism. These individuals may have a waxy flexibility, meaning their limbs can be molded into positions and remain there for a long time.

A symptom of catatonia where the individual's limbs can be molded into positions and remain there for a long time.

Medications used to treat schizophrenia, including a-zine and -dol drugs. Primarily target positive symptoms.

Medications used to treat schizophrenia, including -pine and -done drugs, targeting both positive and negative symptoms.

Symptoms that are 'added' to a person's normal functioning, such as hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized speech.

Symptoms that reflect a 'lack' of normal functioning, such as flattened affect, alogia, avolition, anhedonia, and social withdrawal.

Always administer antipsychotics in the same form. Do not hide tablets or place them in food.

Individuals may use autism and mutism as defense mechanisms to cope with overwhelming experiences.

A persistent feeling of sadness, emptiness, or hopelessness. It's a core symptom of depression and can interfere with daily life.

The loss of interest or pleasure in activities that were once enjoyable. This is a significant symptom of depression.

Slowed physical movements, speech, and thinking. It often accompanies depression and can make individuals feel sluggish and tired.

A less severe version of mania, characterized by elevated mood, increased energy, racing thoughts, and a decreased need for sleep.

A state of extreme euphoria, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It can involve grandiose thinking, hallucinations, and delusions.

A milder form of depression with symptoms like excessive loneliness, anergia, hopelessness, and feelings of worthlessness.

A severe form of depression characterized by persistent sadness, loss of interest, and changes in sleep, appetite, and energy levels.

A combination of therapeutic approaches including medication, therapy, and lifestyle changes to manage depression.