Psychiatric Nursing and Mental Health Overview

Interpersonal process where a nurse uses therapeutic self to promote health, prevent mental illness, and treat the mentally ill.

State of well-being where an individual realizes abilities, copes with stress, works productively, and contributes to society.

Result of genetics, development, and culture; can be changed.

Stages of development focused on libido (pleasure principle).

Stages of development focused on social factors.

Psychosexual stage (0-18 months); focused on mouth gratification.

Psychosocial stage (0-12 months); focused on consistent caregiving.

Psychosexual stage (18 months - 3 years); focused on controlling elimination.

Psychosocial stage (1-3 years); focused on independence.

Psychosexual stage (3-5 years); focus on genitals and opposite-sex attraction.

Psychosocial stage (3-6 years); focused on initiating activities.

Freud's personality component; pleasure principle, unconscious desires.

Freud's personality component; reality principle, mediator.

Freud's personality component; morality principle, conscience.

Nurse's genuine self to help client's health.

Communication through body language.

Body language, including facial expressions and posture.

Physical distance between communicators.

Vocal cues, tone, and voice quality during communication.

Physical space within 18 inches of another person, appropriate for activities like enemas, BP checks, and catheterization.

A false belief that is not consistent with a person's knowledge or culture.

Strategies to help a person with delusions understand reality and manage their feelings.

The zone between 18 inches and 4 feet, typically used for patient interviews and health teaching.

A technique used to challenge delusional beliefs by questioning their validity.

The zone from 4 to 12 feet used for interactions like lectures and group therapies.

Activities that help a person with delusions focus on the real world, grounding them in the present.

Beyond 12 feet, used for public speaking and large gatherings.

Encouraging the client to provide more details about a topic by asking questions like "Tell me more." or "Would you describe your responsibilities?"

The environment or setting that surrounds a person.

Providing a general direction for conversation with open-ended questions like "Is there something you’d like to do?"

Acknowledging the client's concerns without judgment or minimizing them.

Recognizing the client's actions or feelings without praise.

Libido, or the pleasure principle, is the driving force behind human behavior in Freud's theory, specifically focused on different erogenous zones.

The first stage in Freud's theory, spanning from 0 to 18 months, where gratification is centered around the mouth, such as sucking and biting.

The second stage (18 months to 3 years) in Freud's theory where the focus shifts to control over elimination, including potty training.

The third stage (3 to 5 years) in Freud's theory where children develop a sexual attraction towards the parent of the opposite gender, also known as the Oedipus Complex.

The first stage in Erikson's theory, from 0 to 12 months, where a consistent and nurturing caregiver helps develop trust, whereas inconsistent care can lead to mistrust.

The second stage in Erikson's theory, from 1 to 3 years, where children learn to be independent and make their own choices, fostering autonomy, or feel shame and doubt if their attempts are thwarted.

The third stage in Erikson's theory, from 3 to 6 years, where children learn to take initiative in exploring their surroundings and engaging in activities, or develop guilt if their efforts are criticized or punished.

Erikson's theory focuses on social factors, like relationships and interactions with others, and how they shape an individual's development, highlighting the importance of social interaction in developing a healthy identity.

Encouraging a client to face difficult truths without judgment or pressure. This approach involves validating their feelings while gently challenging their distorted thoughts or behaviors. It focuses on helping the client recognize and address their own struggles.

Dismissing a client's worries with platitudes or overly optimistic statements, which invalidates their feelings and minimizes their concerns. This approach can make the client feel unheard and discouraged.

Addressing a client's delusions or false beliefs by gently providing factual information. This helps the client re-evaluate their distorted perceptions and develop a more realistic view of the world.

Expressing willingness to be there for the client, showing genuine care and support. This involves offering presence, empathy, and a safe space for the client to share their thoughts and feelings.

Expressing impartial observations about the client's behavior without making judgments or interpretations. This allows the client to become aware of their own behavior and feelings and encourages self-reflection.

Offering opinions or criticism about the client's behavior or choices. This approach hinders the therapeutic relationship by creating a sense of shame and discouragement.

Asking 'why' questions can be intrusive and lead to defensiveness or self-blame. These types of questions can make the client feel interrogated or pressured to explain themselves.

Dismissing the client's feelings or minimizing their experiences with phrases that lack empathy. This approach makes the client feel unheard and invalidated.

A type of schizophrenia marked by psychomotor disturbances like rigidity, posturing, negativism, and mutism. These individuals may have a waxy flexibility, meaning their limbs can be molded into positions and remain there for a long time.

A symptom of catatonia where the individual's limbs can be molded into positions and remain there for a long time.

Medications used to treat schizophrenia, including a-zine and -dol drugs. Primarily target positive symptoms.

Medications used to treat schizophrenia, including -pine and -done drugs, targeting both positive and negative symptoms.

Symptoms that are 'added' to a person's normal functioning, such as hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized speech.

Symptoms that reflect a 'lack' of normal functioning, such as flattened affect, alogia, avolition, anhedonia, and social withdrawal.

Always administer antipsychotics in the same form. Do not hide tablets or place them in food.

Individuals may use autism and mutism as defense mechanisms to cope with overwhelming experiences.

A persistent feeling of sadness, emptiness, or hopelessness. It's a core symptom of depression and can interfere with daily life.

The loss of interest or pleasure in activities that were once enjoyable. This is a significant symptom of depression.

Slowed physical movements, speech, and thinking. It often accompanies depression and can make individuals feel sluggish and tired.

A less severe version of mania, characterized by elevated mood, increased energy, racing thoughts, and a decreased need for sleep.

A state of extreme euphoria, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It can involve grandiose thinking, hallucinations, and delusions.

A milder form of depression with symptoms like excessive loneliness, anergia, hopelessness, and feelings of worthlessness.

A severe form of depression characterized by persistent sadness, loss of interest, and changes in sleep, appetite, and energy levels.

A combination of therapeutic approaches including medication, therapy, and lifestyle changes to manage depression.