Psychiatric Foundations Chapter 5

Questions and Answers

What is a common consequence of mental disorders in individuals?

Decreased risk of chronic illness

Impaired ability to function in society (correct)

Enhanced cognitive abilities

Increased physical strength

Which disorder has higher prevalence among males?

Eating disorders

Generalized anxiety disorder

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (correct)

Major depressive disorder

What major factor contributes to the burden of mental disorders?

Genetic funding for research

Better medication availability

High prevalence and persistence (correct)

Low public awareness

What is the nature of the etiologies of mental disorders?

Interactions of multiple genetic and nongenetic factors Signup and view all the answers

Which method is not mentioned as part of current efforts to study mental disorders?

Behavioral therapy techniques Signup and view all the answers

Which mental disorder has a higher occurrence in females?

Major depressive disorder Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to premature mortality associated with mental disorders?

Suicide Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is not generally affected by mental disorders?

Physical fitness Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of substance use disorders?

Tolerance and withdrawal symptoms caused by substance use. Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is NOT a result of excessive alcohol use?

Gambling disorder Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder?

Absence or decreased interest in sexual fantasy or behavior Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes delirium?

Short-term confusion and cognition disturbances. Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder specifically involves pain during sexual activity related to intromission?

Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder Signup and view all the answers

Mild neurocognitive disorder can be distinguished from which of the following?

Normal age-related cognitive change. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions could coexist with Wernicke’s encephalopathy?

Korsakoff’s syndrome. Signup and view all the answers

What defines Male Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder?

Absent or reduced sexual fantasy or desire Signup and view all the answers

How is premature ejaculation defined?

Ejaculation occurring before or immediately after intromission Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is characterized by severe impairment in cognitive functions?

Major neurocognitive disorder. Signup and view all the answers

What type of disorder is characterized by a persistent discomfort with one’s biological sex?

Gender Dysphoria Signup and view all the answers

What type of disorder is gambling disorder classified as?

Non–substance-related disorder. Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a subtype of major neurocognitive disorder?

Amnestic disorder. Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is defined by uncontrolled outbursts of aggression?

Explosive Disorder Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of kleptomania?

Repeated stealing Signup and view all the answers

Substance-Induced Disorders may result in which of the following?

Bipolar and related disorders Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main strengths of group therapy compared to individual therapies?

Immediate feedback from peers Signup and view all the answers

In couple or marital therapy, what is typically viewed as the patient?

The relationship between the couples Signup and view all the answers

What type of therapy involves both partners seeing different therapists who may not communicate with each other?

Individual couples therapy Signup and view all the answers

How often do groups typically meet for therapy sessions according to the information provided?

One to two times a week Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily the purpose of antidepressant medication in the context of therapy?

As an adjunct to interpersonal therapy Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a specialized method used for treating sexually dysfunctional couples?

A variation developed by Masters and Johnson Signup and view all the answers

What type of group therapy emphasizes symptom relief?

Therapy-oriented groups Signup and view all the answers

How does group therapy differ fundamentally from individual therapy regarding therapist interaction?

Therapists actively engage with the entire group Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of brief psychodynamic psychotherapy?

To develop insight into underlying conflicts Signup and view all the answers

Which behavior therapy technique involves rewarding patients with tokens?

Token economy Signup and view all the answers

What principle underlies operant conditioning in behavior therapy?

Behavior is shaped by its consequences Signup and view all the answers

How does classical conditioning contribute to the development of fear in maladaptive behaviors?

By associating neutral stimuli with anxiety-provoking experiences Signup and view all the answers

What is aversion therapy primarily used for?

Reducing undesirable behaviors using negative stimuli Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following techniques is focused on gradually reducing anxiety through exposure?

Systematic desensitization Signup and view all the answers

In behavior therapy, what typically happens if a behavior elicits no response?

The behavior is extinguished Signup and view all the answers

What does increasing reality testing often involve in support contexts?

Challenging and reassessing perceptions Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Mental Disorders Overview

Mental disorders affect cognition, emotion, and behavior, significantly hindering daily functioning and learning abilities.
Early onset and chronic nature make mental disorders a major contributor to overall disease burden globally.
Key issues include disabilities and premature mortality, particularly due to suicide.

Etiology of Mental Disorders

Complex interaction of genetic and nongenetic factors contributes to mental disorders.
Gender differences in prevalence: males are more susceptible to ADHD, autism, and substance abuse, while females show higher rates of depression and anxiety disorders.
Research efforts identify brain abnormalities and potential risk-conferring genes for various mental illnesses, aiding in diagnostics and therapeutics.

Specific Mental Disorders

Sexual Dysfunction Disorders
- Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder: Lack of interest in sexual activities causing personal distress.
- Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder: Anticipation or experience of pain during sexual activities.
- Male Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: Reduced interest in sexual fantasies or activities in males.
- Premature Ejaculation: Ejaculation occurring before or immediately after penetration.
Gender Dysphoria: Persistent discomfort with one's biological sex, divided into childhood and adult/adolescent forms.

Disruptive and Impulse-Control Disorders

Conditions characterized by issues in self-control of emotions and behaviors.
- Oppositional Defiant Disorder: Symptoms include anger, irritability, and defiance in children.
- Intermittent Explosive Disorder: Uncontrolled aggressive outbursts.
- Conduct Disorder: Patterns of fighting and bullying in youth.
- Pyromania and Kleptomania: Distinctive features include repeated fire-setting and stealing, respectively.

Disorders caused by intoxication/withdrawal from substances that induce psychiatric issues, such as bipolar disorders or sleep disturbances.
Alcohol-Related Disorders: Ranging from misuse leading to functional impairments to severe withdrawal effects like delirium tremens.
Gambling Disorder: A non-substance-related condition marked by compulsive betting leading to social and financial problems.

Neurocognitive Disorders

Characterized by cognitive impairments affecting memory, judgment, and orientation.
- Delirium: Short-term confusion often linked to substance use or medical conditions.
- Major Neurocognitive Disorder: Severe cognitive impairment commonly associated with dementia.
- Subtypes of Neurocognitive Disorder: Include Alzheimer’s Disease, vascular dementia, and Lewy body disease.

Treatment Methods for Mental Disorders

Psychotherapy: A primary treatment approach targeting psychological conflicts and behaviors.
- Brief Psychodynamic Psychotherapy: Insight-driven sessions aim to resolve underlying conflicts.
- Behavior Therapy: Focuses on modifying observable behavior using principles of learning theory.
  - Techniques include token economies for reinforcement, aversion therapy for undesired behaviors, and systematic desensitization.
Group Therapy: Offers peer support and feedback, enhancing social skills and therapeutic engagement.
Couple and Marital Therapy: Targets the relationship dynamic rather than individuals, addressing various conflicts affecting the partnership.
- Therapy types include individual versus conjoint sessions, emphasizing concurrent or joint treatments for both partners.

Key Takeaways

Early identification and understanding of mental disorders are crucial for effective intervention.
Diverse treatment methods cater to individual, group, and relationship-focused therapeutic needs.
Enhanced research into genetics and brain function aims to improve diagnostics and develop better treatment strategies for mental disorders.

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Explore the complexities of mental disorders in this quiz based on Chapter 5 of Psychiatric Foundations. You will learn about various mental disorders, their clinical manifestations, and the treatment methods available. This quiz aims to deepen your understanding of the factors influencing mental health and the approaches used to address these disorders.