18 Questions
What can genetically informative study designs help us understand in psychiatric disorders?
They can help us understand what drives risk (or resilience) at different points of development.
How can rare variants explain missing variance for risk in traits such as autism and schizophrenia?
Rare variants can have a larger impact than common SNPs, affecting a small proportion of the population.
What is the main implication of the current diagnostic categories not being rooted in biological reality?
Genetic 'diagnoses' do not mirror symptom-based 'diagnoses'.
How can pleiotropy influence psychiatric risk?
One gene can influence more than one gene, affecting multiple genes influencing psychiatric risk.
What is the role of neuroimaging in psychiatric disorders according to the text?
Neuroimaging can compare findings from genetically informative studies with other methodologies.
Why do we need twin and adoption designs to evaluate environmental risk factors for psychiatric disorders?
To determine if there is a main effect of a proposed environmental risk factor or if it is genetic confounding.
What is the norm regarding genetic risk for psychiatric disorders?
Genetic risk for psychiatric disorders is the norm.
What have behavioural genetic studies taught us about psychiatric disorders?
Genetic risk for psychiatric disorders is the norm – not the exception.
What did Larsson et al.'s early longitudinal study find about genetic factors in ADHD?
Both stability and change in ADHD are influenced by genetic factors.
Why don't current diagnostic categories in psychiatric disorders match up with reality?
Pleiotropy is common, and a single diagnostic category usually contains individuals with different etiology for their disorder.
What did the study by Larsson et al. suggest about the stability of ADHD?
Genetic influences are important for the stability of ADHD.
How can understanding development within a genetically sensitive framework help us understand disorder progression?
It can help determine what drives stability and change in psychiatric disorders.
Why is environmental risk for psychiatric disorders considered complex?
Non-shared environmental influences are important, and many environmental risk factors partly reflect genetic endowments.
How can genetically informative, longitudinal study designs help understand psychiatric disorders?
They can help understand what contributes to individual differences in initial risk for symptomatology and risk trajectories.
What is the significance of non-shared environmental influences in psychiatric disorders?
Non-shared environmental influences are important for change and risk trajectories.
How may response to intervention in psychiatric disorders be conditional on genetic make-up?
Response to intervention may vary based on genetic differences.
Why is it important to consider rare variants in psychiatric disorders?
Rare variants can play a significant role in the genetic influences on psychiatric disorders.
How can rare variants in psychiatric disorders be studied?
Genetically informative, longitudinal study designs can help understand rare variants in psychiatric disorders.
Explore the main ideas and notes regarding what behavioural genetic studies have taught us about psychiatric disorders. Learn about the complexity of genetic risk, how individual differences in symptoms are heritable, and why current diagnostic categories may not align with reality.
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