Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is required for a psychiatric assessment without patient consent?
What is required for a psychiatric assessment without patient consent?
- A signed document from a family member
- A court authorization (correct)
- A verbal agreement from the patient
- A request from the healthcare provider
Which of the following is NOT a type of psychiatric confinement?
Which of the following is NOT a type of psychiatric confinement?
- Preventative confinement
- Elective confinement (correct)
- Provisional confinement
- Authorized confinement
What role do peace officers typically play in preventative confinement?
What role do peace officers typically play in preventative confinement?
- Making custody decisions
- Intervening in emergencies (correct)
- Conducting psychiatric evaluations
- Providing medical treatment
Which statement accurately reflects a patient's right during psychiatric confinement?
Which statement accurately reflects a patient's right during psychiatric confinement?
What is a significant legal consideration regarding patient privacy in psychiatric confinement?
What is a significant legal consideration regarding patient privacy in psychiatric confinement?
What happens when a patient refuses treatment while confined?
What happens when a patient refuses treatment while confined?
Which factor informs the termination of psychiatric confinement?
Which factor informs the termination of psychiatric confinement?
Which of the following best describes 'provisional confinement'?
Which of the following best describes 'provisional confinement'?
What happens if one of the psychiatrists concludes that confinement is unnecessary during a motion for authorized confinement?
What happens if one of the psychiatrists concludes that confinement is unnecessary during a motion for authorized confinement?
Within what timeframe must the first psychiatric assessment be conducted upon arrival?
Within what timeframe must the first psychiatric assessment be conducted upon arrival?
How long can the confinement be extended after the initial 30-day period?
How long can the confinement be extended after the initial 30-day period?
What is required for a court to authorize confinement based on psychiatric assessments?
What is required for a court to authorize confinement based on psychiatric assessments?
What must be served on 'reasonable' members of the patient's family or friends during the motion for confinement?
What must be served on 'reasonable' members of the patient's family or friends during the motion for confinement?
What must the psychiatric assessment report cover according to CCQ article 29?
What must the psychiatric assessment report cover according to CCQ article 29?
When must a second psychiatric evaluation be completed if the person was initially under preventive confinement and refused examination?
When must a second psychiatric evaluation be completed if the person was initially under preventive confinement and refused examination?
What is the primary criterion for the judge to authorize confinement, aside from psychiatric reports?
What is the primary criterion for the judge to authorize confinement, aside from psychiatric reports?
What must happen if the confinement exceeds 21 days?
What must happen if the confinement exceeds 21 days?
What occurs if a certificate confirming no longer needing confinement is issued?
What occurs if a certificate confirming no longer needing confinement is issued?
What action must a psychiatrist take to lift a patient's confinement?
What action must a psychiatrist take to lift a patient's confinement?
What information is NOT required to be documented in a patient's chart regarding confinement?
What information is NOT required to be documented in a patient's chart regarding confinement?
Which role is responsible for ensuring the patient is informed about the confinement process?
Which role is responsible for ensuring the patient is informed about the confinement process?
During the confinement renewal process, which document is handled similarly to the initial confinement?
During the confinement renewal process, which document is handled similarly to the initial confinement?
What must occur if a patient does not consent to a psychiatric evaluation?
What must occur if a patient does not consent to a psychiatric evaluation?
What is a nursing implication during the psychiatric reevaluation process?
What is a nursing implication during the psychiatric reevaluation process?
Who is primarily responsible for filing copies of PSYs to the DPS office?
Who is primarily responsible for filing copies of PSYs to the DPS office?
What is essential for the ANM/NM within 48 hours prior to a court hearing?
What is essential for the ANM/NM within 48 hours prior to a court hearing?
What document must be kept in front of the patient’s chart regarding the confinement?
What document must be kept in front of the patient’s chart regarding the confinement?
What is the role of the bailiff during the confinement process?
What is the role of the bailiff during the confinement process?
What is the maximum time a patient can be under preventative confinement without a renewal of orders?
What is the maximum time a patient can be under preventative confinement without a renewal of orders?
Under what condition can a patient leave the hospital grounds?
Under what condition can a patient leave the hospital grounds?
How long does a patient have to undergo a psychiatric assessment after a court order is obtained?
How long does a patient have to undergo a psychiatric assessment after a court order is obtained?
What happens if a patient refuses psychiatric evaluation regarding provisional confinement?
What happens if a patient refuses psychiatric evaluation regarding provisional confinement?
What action is required when a patient is granted regular confinement?
What action is required when a patient is granted regular confinement?
What rights does a patient have during a court hearing regarding confinement?
What rights does a patient have during a court hearing regarding confinement?
If a patient decides not to contest the confinement, what should be noted?
If a patient decides not to contest the confinement, what should be noted?
What must be completed before a patient is transported for a court hearing?
What must be completed before a patient is transported for a court hearing?
What is the role of the nursing staff concerning confinement documents?
What is the role of the nursing staff concerning confinement documents?
What must happen following a court hearing regarding a patient’s confinement?
What must happen following a court hearing regarding a patient’s confinement?
How long can a patient be confined under regular confinement after court proceedings?
How long can a patient be confined under regular confinement after court proceedings?
What is a requirement for a patient's accompaniment off the unit?
What is a requirement for a patient's accompaniment off the unit?
When documenting the patient's response to confinement, what must be included?
When documenting the patient's response to confinement, what must be included?
Under which condition can a minor aged 14 or older refuse care?
Under which condition can a minor aged 14 or older refuse care?
Who bears the burden of proof when seeking authorization for treatment?
Who bears the burden of proof when seeking authorization for treatment?
What is required for a person to be confined for psychiatric assessment without their consent?
What is required for a person to be confined for psychiatric assessment without their consent?
What characterizes a preventive confinement?
What characterizes a preventive confinement?
Which statement is true regarding the conditions of confinement?
Which statement is true regarding the conditions of confinement?
What defines serious danger in the context of psychiatric confinement?
What defines serious danger in the context of psychiatric confinement?
In the case of forced confinement, which scenario does not require a court order?
In the case of forced confinement, which scenario does not require a court order?
What is a key requirement for a provisional confinement?
What is a key requirement for a provisional confinement?
How long can the duration of an authorized confinement be set by the court?
How long can the duration of an authorized confinement be set by the court?
What must happen upon a person’s arrival at a confinement facility?
What must happen upon a person’s arrival at a confinement facility?
What role does police play concerning psychiatric confine orders?
What role does police play concerning psychiatric confine orders?
Which of the following must be filed to support a motion for confinement?
Which of the following must be filed to support a motion for confinement?
What is the purpose of the psychiatric assessment following a preventive confinement order?
What is the purpose of the psychiatric assessment following a preventive confinement order?
Which group is directly addressed in the context of past confinement issues within the psychiatric system?
Which group is directly addressed in the context of past confinement issues within the psychiatric system?
Which condition is NOT considered necessary for a good death?
Which condition is NOT considered necessary for a good death?
What is the primary aim of palliative care according to the Canadian Palliative Care Nursing Association?
What is the primary aim of palliative care according to the Canadian Palliative Care Nursing Association?
In discussing end-of-life care, what does the term 'hermeneutical rapprochement' refer to?
In discussing end-of-life care, what does the term 'hermeneutical rapprochement' refer to?
Which of the following is NOT supported by Bill 52 concerning end-of-life care?
Which of the following is NOT supported by Bill 52 concerning end-of-life care?
What is the primary concern when communicating a child's record to the holder of parental authority?
What is the primary concern when communicating a child's record to the holder of parental authority?
What aspect is emphasized as crucial when assessing a patient's request for MAID?
What aspect is emphasized as crucial when assessing a patient's request for MAID?
What principle is particularly highlighted in 'Listening to Children’s Voices'?
What principle is particularly highlighted in 'Listening to Children’s Voices'?
Under what condition can the Director of Youth Protection enter an institution to examine a child's record?
Under what condition can the Director of Youth Protection enter an institution to examine a child's record?
What must professionals do if they suspect a child's security or development is at risk?
What must professionals do if they suspect a child's security or development is at risk?
Which of the following best describes the approach to end-of-life care for Indigenous peoples?
Which of the following best describes the approach to end-of-life care for Indigenous peoples?
What does section 5 of the LSSSS ensure for individuals receiving health services?
What does section 5 of the LSSSS ensure for individuals receiving health services?
What is a common barrier faced by Indigenous families in end-of-life situations according to the content?
What is a common barrier faced by Indigenous families in end-of-life situations according to the content?
In the context of end-of-life care, what does the term 'echo pandemic' refer to?
In the context of end-of-life care, what does the term 'echo pandemic' refer to?
What was the court's ruling regarding the hospital's attempt to restrict access based on residence?
What was the court's ruling regarding the hospital's attempt to restrict access based on residence?
What should not be a reason for someone choosing MAID according to palliative care principles?
What should not be a reason for someone choosing MAID according to palliative care principles?
In the case of Noël-Voizard c.CSSS Lasalle et du Vieux-Lachine, what was significant about the delay a patient experienced?
In the case of Noël-Voizard c.CSSS Lasalle et du Vieux-Lachine, what was significant about the delay a patient experienced?
What does section 6 of the LSSSS allow individuals to do?
What does section 6 of the LSSSS allow individuals to do?
Which type of care can a hospital refuse based on availability?
Which type of care can a hospital refuse based on availability?
What was required for the plaintiff in the emergency room lawsuit to win her case?
What was required for the plaintiff in the emergency room lawsuit to win her case?
What is the role of the Commission des droits de la personne et des droits de la jeunesse?
What is the role of the Commission des droits de la personne et des droits de la jeunesse?
Under the Youth Protection Act, which of the following scenarios requires mandatory reporting?
Under the Youth Protection Act, which of the following scenarios requires mandatory reporting?
Which of the following is NOT a necessary requirement under the Youth Protection Act?
Which of the following is NOT a necessary requirement under the Youth Protection Act?
What was a central issue in Jasmin c Cité de la santé de Laval concerning healthcare access?
What was a central issue in Jasmin c Cité de la santé de Laval concerning healthcare access?
What is a potential consequence of a child leaving their home without authorization?
What is a potential consequence of a child leaving their home without authorization?
What must happen once the time limit for a court-ordered confinement expires?
What must happen once the time limit for a court-ordered confinement expires?
Under what condition can a person kept in confinement communicate with third parties?
Under what condition can a person kept in confinement communicate with third parties?
Which of the following must be communicated to a person receiving care while confined?
Which of the following must be communicated to a person receiving care while confined?
If a patient is under 14 years old or incapable of giving consent, who should be informed of their care changes?
If a patient is under 14 years old or incapable of giving consent, who should be informed of their care changes?
What is required for a healthcare establishment to treat a confined person against their will?
What is required for a healthcare establishment to treat a confined person against their will?
What is a key factor that justifies confinement according to the content?
What is a key factor that justifies confinement according to the content?
In the case of a patient refusing treatment due to side effects, what conclusion was drawn?
In the case of a patient refusing treatment due to side effects, what conclusion was drawn?
Which of the following scenarios could allow a patient's testimony to be excused during a confinement application?
Which of the following scenarios could allow a patient's testimony to be excused during a confinement application?
What must a healthcare establishment do if a patient goes AWOL?
What must a healthcare establishment do if a patient goes AWOL?
How often can patients appeal a decision related to their confinement?
How often can patients appeal a decision related to their confinement?
What is a significant ethical consideration mentioned in the context of COVID-19 testing during confinement?
What is a significant ethical consideration mentioned in the context of COVID-19 testing during confinement?
What was a critical factor in the decision to confine the patient in the case of JM?
What was a critical factor in the decision to confine the patient in the case of JM?
What is essential for restraints to be used during a patient's confinement?
What is essential for restraints to be used during a patient's confinement?
What must healthcare providers ensure when applying confinement measures?
What must healthcare providers ensure when applying confinement measures?
What was the main error made by the trial judge in the case of JM?
What was the main error made by the trial judge in the case of JM?
How long can an individual be placed under preventative confinement without a court order?
How long can an individual be placed under preventative confinement without a court order?
What is required for a psychiatric assessment to proceed?
What is required for a psychiatric assessment to proceed?
What must a health establishment do if consent for psychiatric evaluation is not obtained?
What must a health establishment do if consent for psychiatric evaluation is not obtained?
What kind of information must psychiatric reports provide?
What kind of information must psychiatric reports provide?
Who has the right to access their own medical records?
Who has the right to access their own medical records?
Under what condition can a medical professional deny a patient access to their records?
Under what condition can a medical professional deny a patient access to their records?
What must healthcare professionals justify when denying access to a patient's records?
What must healthcare professionals justify when denying access to a patient's records?
What is true about the heirs of a deceased patient concerning access to medical records?
What is true about the heirs of a deceased patient concerning access to medical records?
What rights do parents have regarding a minor’s health information?
What rights do parents have regarding a minor’s health information?
What happens if a user aged 14 or older refuses to allow their health record to be shared with parents?
What happens if a user aged 14 or older refuses to allow their health record to be shared with parents?
What is the first phase in the process that might lead to medical assistance in dying?
What is the first phase in the process that might lead to medical assistance in dying?
What conclusion did the court reach regarding JM's preventive confinement?
What conclusion did the court reach regarding JM's preventive confinement?
What does the legal framework state regarding preventive confinement?
What does the legal framework state regarding preventive confinement?
Which value statement aligns with ethical objectors to MAiD on conditional grounds?
Which value statement aligns with ethical objectors to MAiD on conditional grounds?
What is necessary for a psychiatric evaluation to ensure its ethical standing?
What is necessary for a psychiatric evaluation to ensure its ethical standing?
What significant legal milestone was achieved with the passing of Bill 52 in Canada?
What significant legal milestone was achieved with the passing of Bill 52 in Canada?
What action should healthcare workers take post-death in the MAiD process?
What action should healthcare workers take post-death in the MAiD process?
In the context of MAiD, which ethical principle is focused on doing good or promoting welfare?
In the context of MAiD, which ethical principle is focused on doing good or promoting welfare?
What was the court ruling in the case of Nancy Cruzan regarding artificial nutrition?
What was the court ruling in the case of Nancy Cruzan regarding artificial nutrition?
Which ethical stance involves being ethically supportive of MAiD while able to assist only in a limited capacity?
Which ethical stance involves being ethically supportive of MAiD while able to assist only in a limited capacity?
What principle is at stake when considering the issue of autonomy in MAiD cases?
What principle is at stake when considering the issue of autonomy in MAiD cases?
What major concern was raised in the Nancy B v. Hotel Dieu case?
What major concern was raised in the Nancy B v. Hotel Dieu case?
What aspect of care is emphasized for healthcare providers regarding MAiD procedures?
What aspect of care is emphasized for healthcare providers regarding MAiD procedures?
In the context of the legislation on medical assistance in dying, which statement is true about the time frame?
In the context of the legislation on medical assistance in dying, which statement is true about the time frame?
Which historical case brought up significant discussions on the withdrawal of care?
Which historical case brought up significant discussions on the withdrawal of care?
What ethical principle refers to the obligation to avoid harm?
What ethical principle refers to the obligation to avoid harm?
What must a nurse do if they have a conscientious objection to providing MAiD?
What must a nurse do if they have a conscientious objection to providing MAiD?
At what age can an individual create an Advance Medical Directive (AMD)?
At what age can an individual create an Advance Medical Directive (AMD)?
In which situation does an Advance Medical Directive apply?
In which situation does an Advance Medical Directive apply?
What should healthcare professionals ensure when a patient provides an AMD?
What should healthcare professionals ensure when a patient provides an AMD?
What must a medical professional do when a patient lacks the capacity to consent?
What must a medical professional do when a patient lacks the capacity to consent?
Which of these treatments can a patient refuse in their AMD?
Which of these treatments can a patient refuse in their AMD?
What is a key difference between turning off a life-sustaining device and MAiD?
What is a key difference between turning off a life-sustaining device and MAiD?
When is it considered morally acceptable for a nurse to experience moral distress?
When is it considered morally acceptable for a nurse to experience moral distress?
What ethical dilemma does a physician face regarding a patient wanting to withdraw treatment?
What ethical dilemma does a physician face regarding a patient wanting to withdraw treatment?
Which piece of information must be communicated during advance care planning?
Which piece of information must be communicated during advance care planning?
What is a significant ethical question raised by Max's situation with the LVAD?
What is a significant ethical question raised by Max's situation with the LVAD?
What is an essential action for healthcare professionals when a patient expresses a desire to stop treatment?
What is an essential action for healthcare professionals when a patient expresses a desire to stop treatment?
How can an Advance Medical Directive be revoked?
How can an Advance Medical Directive be revoked?
What was the primary reason JO was not placed on the active kidney transplant waiting list?
What was the primary reason JO was not placed on the active kidney transplant waiting list?
Which factor contributed to JO's inability to continue receiving dialysis care at RVH?
Which factor contributed to JO's inability to continue receiving dialysis care at RVH?
What was emphasized regarding the relationship between patient and doctor in the context of transplant care?
What was emphasized regarding the relationship between patient and doctor in the context of transplant care?
What did the tribunal conclude regarding the hospital's response to the patient's need for care?
What did the tribunal conclude regarding the hospital's response to the patient's need for care?
What is a key principle of Jordan’s Principle in Canada?
What is a key principle of Jordan’s Principle in Canada?
What does the Canadian Pediatric Society advocate regarding children's healthcare decision-making?
What does the Canadian Pediatric Society advocate regarding children's healthcare decision-making?
Which statement reflects a common misconception about children's role in healthcare?
Which statement reflects a common misconception about children's role in healthcare?
What major issue influenced the implementation of Jordan’s Principle?
What major issue influenced the implementation of Jordan’s Principle?
What challenge did JO face regarding his transfer to another healthcare establishment?
What challenge did JO face regarding his transfer to another healthcare establishment?
What is a recommendation for nurses in communicating with children about their care?
What is a recommendation for nurses in communicating with children about their care?
What is one criterion that should be considered when determining whether to provide therapies to a child?
What is one criterion that should be considered when determining whether to provide therapies to a child?
What was the outcome for Mr. O at RVH?
What was the outcome for Mr. O at RVH?
What is a significant impact of not providing adequate healthcare services to Indigenous children?
What is a significant impact of not providing adequate healthcare services to Indigenous children?
What is required for a minor aged 14 or older to give consent to care?
What is required for a minor aged 14 or older to give consent to care?
What is stated about a doctor's ethical responsibilities towards abusive patients?
What is stated about a doctor's ethical responsibilities towards abusive patients?
How should healthcare professionals handle disagreements with families regarding medical decisions?
How should healthcare professionals handle disagreements with families regarding medical decisions?
What determines a person's capacity to consent to treatment?
What determines a person's capacity to consent to treatment?
What was the primary concern regarding JO's request for a kidney transplant?
What was the primary concern regarding JO's request for a kidney transplant?
Which of the following is NOT a factor in determining the best interests of an incapable person?
Which of the following is NOT a factor in determining the best interests of an incapable person?
According to pediatric ethical norms, when can children become the principal decision-makers for themselves?
According to pediatric ethical norms, when can children become the principal decision-makers for themselves?
What did the parents in the story about Gabriel emphasize about their experience?
What did the parents in the story about Gabriel emphasize about their experience?
Under what condition can a mature minor provide consent without parental involvement?
Under what condition can a mature minor provide consent without parental involvement?
What does the mention of 'coercive moral language' imply about communication with children?
What does the mention of 'coercive moral language' imply about communication with children?
What should professionals do when encountering protective secrets that parents wish to keep?
What should professionals do when encountering protective secrets that parents wish to keep?
What is a possible outcome if a therapeutic relationship is systematically destroyed?
What is a possible outcome if a therapeutic relationship is systematically destroyed?
Which exception allows minors to receive treatment without parental consent?
Which exception allows minors to receive treatment without parental consent?
What underlies the challenge of consent for children under the age of 14 in healthcare?
What underlies the challenge of consent for children under the age of 14 in healthcare?
What is one exception to the confidentiality of patient information?
What is one exception to the confidentiality of patient information?
Which aspect is essential for successful kidney transplant procedures?
Which aspect is essential for successful kidney transplant procedures?
What might be a consequence of coercive language used by healthcare professionals?
What might be a consequence of coercive language used by healthcare professionals?
What is required for a treatment to be considered in the best interest of an incapable person?
What is required for a treatment to be considered in the best interest of an incapable person?
In the situation of JO, what legal action did the hospital take?
In the situation of JO, what legal action did the hospital take?
What is a common misconception about children with healthcare needs?
What is a common misconception about children with healthcare needs?
Why is it important to recognize the forms of oppression faced by children?
Why is it important to recognize the forms of oppression faced by children?
What does 'assent' imply when considering children in healthcare decisions?
What does 'assent' imply when considering children in healthcare decisions?
What is the primary focus when determining a patient's competency in making informed choices?
What is the primary focus when determining a patient's competency in making informed choices?
Which ethical principle is primarily associated with respecting a patient's right to make autonomous decisions?
Which ethical principle is primarily associated with respecting a patient's right to make autonomous decisions?
What is an ethical consideration in pediatric palliative care?
What is an ethical consideration in pediatric palliative care?
Which of the following helps to mitigate inequities among children?
Which of the following helps to mitigate inequities among children?
What should be included in the ethical decision-making process regarding a patient's care?
What should be included in the ethical decision-making process regarding a patient's care?
What scenario reflects the challenges surrounding moral awareness expressed by children?
What scenario reflects the challenges surrounding moral awareness expressed by children?
What does the principle of double effect allow in pediatric palliative care?
What does the principle of double effect allow in pediatric palliative care?
In the context of ethical nursing practices, what does 'voluntariness' refer to?
In the context of ethical nursing practices, what does 'voluntariness' refer to?
What is the primary focus when considering the moral voices of children during treatment decisions?
What is the primary focus when considering the moral voices of children during treatment decisions?
When considering long-term disability in children, what is often undervalued?
When considering long-term disability in children, what is often undervalued?
What key aspect differentiates autonomy from paternalism in patient care?
What key aspect differentiates autonomy from paternalism in patient care?
How should healthcare professionals approach potential conflicts between their values and those of the patient?
How should healthcare professionals approach potential conflicts between their values and those of the patient?
Which statement about the test of capacity for consent in minors is true?
Which statement about the test of capacity for consent in minors is true?
What impact did COVID-19 isolation have on children’s social conditions?
What impact did COVID-19 isolation have on children’s social conditions?
What legal principle does the QCC article 10 emphasize regarding personal care?
What legal principle does the QCC article 10 emphasize regarding personal care?
What does the CNA code of ethics state regarding informed consent in nursing care?
What does the CNA code of ethics state regarding informed consent in nursing care?
What does MAID stand for in the context of Canada's end-of-life legislation?
What does MAID stand for in the context of Canada's end-of-life legislation?
Which of the following describes a potential risk to autonomy in mental health nursing?
Which of the following describes a potential risk to autonomy in mental health nursing?
What is a key component mentioned in relation to social expectations and legal requirements in patient care?
What is a key component mentioned in relation to social expectations and legal requirements in patient care?
Which of the following is NOT typically considered a component of a good death?
Which of the following is NOT typically considered a component of a good death?
During the first wave of COVID, which issue was highlighted regarding family presence in healthcare settings?
During the first wave of COVID, which issue was highlighted regarding family presence in healthcare settings?
Which ethical principle emphasizes the importance of providing pain relief and comfort care?
Which ethical principle emphasizes the importance of providing pain relief and comfort care?
What challenge do caregivers often face that is exacerbated by long-standing systemic issues?
What challenge do caregivers often face that is exacerbated by long-standing systemic issues?
In the case of Elena, what does her husband insist on despite the medical team's recommendation?
In the case of Elena, what does her husband insist on despite the medical team's recommendation?
Which of the following best reflects the concept of procedural justice in nursing ethics?
Which of the following best reflects the concept of procedural justice in nursing ethics?
What is a potential risk of demanding treatment that is outside the standard of care?
What is a potential risk of demanding treatment that is outside the standard of care?
Which ethical principle requires respect for the patient's wishes in treatment decisions?
Which ethical principle requires respect for the patient's wishes in treatment decisions?
Which aspect of caregiving has been shown to disproportionately fall on women?
Which aspect of caregiving has been shown to disproportionately fall on women?
What is a primary concern regarding the ethics of terminal interventions according to the content?
What is a primary concern regarding the ethics of terminal interventions according to the content?
What did the CHSLDs experience during the COVID pandemic?
What did the CHSLDs experience during the COVID pandemic?
What is a significant emotional factor that influences caregivers' experiences?
What is a significant emotional factor that influences caregivers' experiences?
Which statement best describes the intersection of healthcare access and ethical concerns?
Which statement best describes the intersection of healthcare access and ethical concerns?
What is the goal of palliative care?
What is the goal of palliative care?
Which principle is NOT associated with the Act Respecting End of Life Care?
Which principle is NOT associated with the Act Respecting End of Life Care?
What is required for a patient to be eligible for Medical Aid in Dying (MAID) in Quebec?
What is required for a patient to be eligible for Medical Aid in Dying (MAID) in Quebec?
What does continuous palliative sedation aim to achieve?
What does continuous palliative sedation aim to achieve?
What percentage of MAID cases in Quebec are in accordance with the law?
What percentage of MAID cases in Quebec are in accordance with the law?
What is one of the common eligibility changes introduced by Bill C11 in June 2023?
What is one of the common eligibility changes introduced by Bill C11 in June 2023?
Which of the following underscores an important ethical issue surrounding MAID?
Which of the following underscores an important ethical issue surrounding MAID?
What does Section 4 of the Act Respecting End of Life Care establish?
What does Section 4 of the Act Respecting End of Life Care establish?
What is one consequence of the doctrine of double effect in medical ethics?
What is one consequence of the doctrine of double effect in medical ethics?
How does emotional and psychological support factor into palliative care?
How does emotional and psychological support factor into palliative care?
Why might someone eligible for MAID not get it immediately?
Why might someone eligible for MAID not get it immediately?
In what situation can family consent on behalf of a patient for continuous palliative sedation?
In what situation can family consent on behalf of a patient for continuous palliative sedation?
Which section of the Act mandates that institutions must offer end-of-life care?
Which section of the Act mandates that institutions must offer end-of-life care?
What common misconception exists regarding the eligibility based on mental illness for MAID?
What common misconception exists regarding the eligibility based on mental illness for MAID?
What is a potential ethical concern related to coercion in mental health nursing?
What is a potential ethical concern related to coercion in mental health nursing?
Which ethical principle may conflict with patient autonomy in mental health nursing?
Which ethical principle may conflict with patient autonomy in mental health nursing?
In the context of trauma and violence-informed care, what is essential for ethical nursing practice?
In the context of trauma and violence-informed care, what is essential for ethical nursing practice?
What role does moral imagination play in ethical nursing practice?
What role does moral imagination play in ethical nursing practice?
Why is autonomy considered essential in mental health nursing?
Why is autonomy considered essential in mental health nursing?
Which concept indicates the ethical tension between a nurse's duty to act in a patient's best interest and the patient's right to make their own decision?
Which concept indicates the ethical tension between a nurse's duty to act in a patient's best interest and the patient's right to make their own decision?
What ethical principle could support overriding a patient's wishes in some situations?
What ethical principle could support overriding a patient's wishes in some situations?
In nursing ethics, which of the following perspectives focuses on the outcomes rather than rules?
In nursing ethics, which of the following perspectives focuses on the outcomes rather than rules?
Which understanding of dignity aligns with the capacity to act autonomously in mental health nursing?
Which understanding of dignity aligns with the capacity to act autonomously in mental health nursing?
What does virtue ethics require from nurses in their practice?
What does virtue ethics require from nurses in their practice?
What is a significant concern regarding the paternalistic approach in mental health care?
What is a significant concern regarding the paternalistic approach in mental health care?
Which of the following factors can negatively affect a patient's ability to make autonomous decisions?
Which of the following factors can negatively affect a patient's ability to make autonomous decisions?
Which of the following best represents the tension between autonomy and non-maleficence?
Which of the following best represents the tension between autonomy and non-maleficence?
What is a key factor that differentiates relational autonomy from traditional views of autonomy?
What is a key factor that differentiates relational autonomy from traditional views of autonomy?
Which ethical framework can guide nurses in balancing competing ethical principles?
Which ethical framework can guide nurses in balancing competing ethical principles?
What principle should guide surrogate decision makers when making healthcare decisions for incompetent patients?
What principle should guide surrogate decision makers when making healthcare decisions for incompetent patients?
What does the best interest standard entail in the context of healthcare decisions?
What does the best interest standard entail in the context of healthcare decisions?
In the Hassan Rasouli case, what was the primary argument made by doctors regarding life support?
In the Hassan Rasouli case, what was the primary argument made by doctors regarding life support?
Which of the following strategies are considered unhelpful when discussing end-of-life care?
Which of the following strategies are considered unhelpful when discussing end-of-life care?
What was a significant shift in bioethics cases by the 21st century?
What was a significant shift in bioethics cases by the 21st century?
What does the term 'futility' imply in medical ethics discussions?
What does the term 'futility' imply in medical ethics discussions?
What approach is recommended when addressing disagreements about care at the end of life?
What approach is recommended when addressing disagreements about care at the end of life?
How does access impact decisions regarding life support or end-of-life care?
How does access impact decisions regarding life support or end-of-life care?
Which factor does NOT contribute to the complexity of defining 'quality of life' in medical ethics?
Which factor does NOT contribute to the complexity of defining 'quality of life' in medical ethics?
What is a critical element in achieving effective goals of care discussions?
What is a critical element in achieving effective goals of care discussions?
What ethical consideration emerged from the Nancy B v Hotel-Dieu de Qc case?
What ethical consideration emerged from the Nancy B v Hotel-Dieu de Qc case?
What should be avoided in conversations concerning end-of-life care?
What should be avoided in conversations concerning end-of-life care?
What is a fundamental reason for why quality end-of-life care is just as crucial as curative care?
What is a fundamental reason for why quality end-of-life care is just as crucial as curative care?
What does practicing self-care and advocacy entail for healthcare providers?
What does practicing self-care and advocacy entail for healthcare providers?
Why is humility important in discussions regarding quality of life?
Why is humility important in discussions regarding quality of life?
Flashcards
Psychiatric Confinement
Psychiatric Confinement
Hospitalization of a patient against their will for psychiatric care.
Court Authorization
Court Authorization
Legal permission needed for psychiatric assessments and confinement without consent.
Types of Confinement
Types of Confinement
Different legal statuses for holding a patient, such as preventative, provisional, or authorized.
Patient Rights During Confinement
Patient Rights During Confinement
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Hospital Responsibility (Confinement)
Hospital Responsibility (Confinement)
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Treatment Refusal Implications
Treatment Refusal Implications
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Peace Officer Involvement
Peace Officer Involvement
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Confinement End Criteria
Confinement End Criteria
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Confinement Renewal
Confinement Renewal
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Psychiatric Re-evaluation (PSY)
Psychiatric Re-evaluation (PSY)
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Confinement Lifting
Confinement Lifting
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Nursing Role in Confinement
Nursing Role in Confinement
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Court Hearing Dates
Court Hearing Dates
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Patient's Rights
Patient's Rights
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DPS
DPS
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Documentation requirements
Documentation requirements
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Confinement Process
Confinement Process
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Transport to court
Transport to court
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Preventive Confinement
Preventive Confinement
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Provisional Confinement
Provisional Confinement
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Regular Confinement
Regular Confinement
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Nursing Implications (Confinement)
Nursing Implications (Confinement)
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Managing Confinement Documents
Managing Confinement Documents
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Court Documents (Confinement)
Court Documents (Confinement)
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Contesting Confinement
Contesting Confinement
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Court Hearing Preparation
Court Hearing Preparation
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Court Hearing Presentation
Court Hearing Presentation
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Court Judgment
Court Judgment
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Psychiatric Reevaluation (Day 21)
Psychiatric Reevaluation (Day 21)
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Accompanying Patient Off Unit
Accompanying Patient Off Unit
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Court-ordered Psych Exam
Court-ordered Psych Exam
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CCQ Article 27
CCQ Article 27
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First Psych Assessment (24 hours)
First Psych Assessment (24 hours)
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Second Psych Assessment (96 hours or 48 hours)
Second Psych Assessment (96 hours or 48 hours)
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Motion for Authorized Confinement
Motion for Authorized Confinement
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Court Order Criteria (CCQ Article 30)
Court Order Criteria (CCQ Article 30)
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Renewal of Confinement (90 days)
Renewal of Confinement (90 days)
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End of Confinement (Section 12, P-38)
End of Confinement (Section 12, P-38)
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Psychiatric Assessment
Psychiatric Assessment
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Informed Consent
Informed Consent
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Motion for Confinement
Motion for Confinement
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Court Order
Court Order
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Denial of Access
Denial of Access
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Correction Rights
Correction Rights
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Heir Access
Heir Access
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Parental Access
Parental Access
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Minor's Refusal
Minor's Refusal
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Youth Protection Act
Youth Protection Act
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Statutory Duties
Statutory Duties
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Confinement Duration
Confinement Duration
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Confinement Extension
Confinement Extension
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Confinement Rights
Confinement Rights
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Confinement Communication
Confinement Communication
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Appealing Confinement
Appealing Confinement
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Consent to Care Under Confinement
Consent to Care Under Confinement
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Restraints in Confinement
Restraints in Confinement
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Missing Patient Protocol
Missing Patient Protocol
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Legal Considerations in COVID-19 Confinement
Legal Considerations in COVID-19 Confinement
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Ethical Considerations in COVID-19 Confinement
Ethical Considerations in COVID-19 Confinement
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Judgement in Charles Le Moyne c.E.(F.)
Judgement in Charles Le Moyne c.E.(F.)
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Justification of Confinement
Justification of Confinement
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Confinement and Prior Behavior
Confinement and Prior Behavior
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Refusal of Treatment in Confinement
Refusal of Treatment in Confinement
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CCQ Article 16: Refusal
CCQ Article 16: Refusal
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CCQ Article 17/18: Serious Risks
CCQ Article 17/18: Serious Risks
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Director of Youth Protection
Director of Youth Protection
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Treatment Order: Burden of Proof
Treatment Order: Burden of Proof
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Duty to Report
Duty to Report
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Confinement: Exceptional Measure
Confinement: Exceptional Measure
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LSSSS (Act Respecting Health Services and Social Services)
LSSSS (Act Respecting Health Services and Social Services)
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Right to Choose
Right to Choose
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Confinement: Risk of Harm
Confinement: Risk of Harm
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Limited Resources & Patient Rights
Limited Resources & Patient Rights
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Confinement: Legal Framework
Confinement: Legal Framework
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Jasmin c. Cité de la santé de Laval
Jasmin c. Cité de la santé de Laval
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Confinement: Burden of Proof (Institution)
Confinement: Burden of Proof (Institution)
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Ultra Vires
Ultra Vires
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Confinement: Facility Requirements
Confinement: Facility Requirements
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Discriminatory Regulations
Discriminatory Regulations
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Confinement: Voluntary vs. Forced
Confinement: Voluntary vs. Forced
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Confinement: Provisional vs. Preventive
Confinement: Provisional vs. Preventive
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Noël-Voizard c. CSSS Lasalle et du Vieux-Lachine
Noël-Voizard c. CSSS Lasalle et du Vieux-Lachine
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Confinement: Authorized Confinement
Confinement: Authorized Confinement
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Category 3 Emergency
Category 3 Emergency
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Confinement: Grave/Serious Danger
Confinement: Grave/Serious Danger
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No-Fault Liability
No-Fault Liability
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Preventative Confinement: Immediate Danger
Preventative Confinement: Immediate Danger
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Limited Resources & Delays
Limited Resources & Delays
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Emergency Room Wait Times
Emergency Room Wait Times
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Preventative Confinement: MD Assessment & Court Authorization
Preventative Confinement: MD Assessment & Court Authorization
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Hospital Responsibilities
Hospital Responsibilities
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Preventative Confinement: Section 8 of Act P-38
Preventative Confinement: Section 8 of Act P-38
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Preventative Confinement: Institution's Responsibility
Preventative Confinement: Institution's Responsibility
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Jordan's Principle
Jordan's Principle
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Child's Best Interests
Child's Best Interests
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Confidentiality in Pediatric Care
Confidentiality in Pediatric Care
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Active Listening with Children
Active Listening with Children
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Children's Moral Awareness
Children's Moral Awareness
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Parents' Protective Secrets
Parents' Protective Secrets
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Tension in Families with Children with Healthcare Needs
Tension in Families with Children with Healthcare Needs
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Child's Participation in Decision-Making
Child's Participation in Decision-Making
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Surrogacy in Children's Care
Surrogacy in Children's Care
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Assessing a Child's Capacity
Assessing a Child's Capacity
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Conflicting Values in Healthcare
Conflicting Values in Healthcare
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Dignity and Respect for All Children
Dignity and Respect for All Children
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Informing Parents About Confidentiality
Informing Parents About Confidentiality
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Recognizing Oppression in Children's Healthcare
Recognizing Oppression in Children's Healthcare
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Extended Family
Extended Family
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Collectivism
Collectivism
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Individualism
Individualism
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Pre-contemplative Phase
Pre-contemplative Phase
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Contemplative Phase
Contemplative Phase
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Determination Phase
Determination Phase
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Action Phase
Action Phase
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Post-Death Phase
Post-Death Phase
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Ethically Object to MAiD in Principle
Ethically Object to MAiD in Principle
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Ethically Object to MAiD on Conditional Grounds
Ethically Object to MAiD on Conditional Grounds
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Not Assisting MAiD Based on Inadequate Info
Not Assisting MAiD Based on Inadequate Info
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Ethically Support MAiD with Limits
Ethically Support MAiD with Limits
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Ethically Accept MAiD Fully
Ethically Accept MAiD Fully
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MAiD Must Occur With Respect
MAiD Must Occur With Respect
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Continuity of Care Responsibility
Continuity of Care Responsibility
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Good Death
Good Death
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Palliative Care
Palliative Care
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Medical Assistance in Dying (MAID)
Medical Assistance in Dying (MAID)
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Autonomy in End-of-Life Care
Autonomy in End-of-Life Care
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Reconciliation in End-of-Life Care
Reconciliation in End-of-Life Care
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Hermeneutical Rapprochement Framework
Hermeneutical Rapprochement Framework
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Indigenous Perspectives on End-of-Life Care
Indigenous Perspectives on End-of-Life Care
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Ethical Considerations in MAID
Ethical Considerations in MAID
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Role of Nurses in End-of-Life Care
Role of Nurses in End-of-Life Care
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Challenges in Pediatric End-of-Life Care
Challenges in Pediatric End-of-Life Care
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Consent for Care
Consent for Care
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Capacity to Consent
Capacity to Consent
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Best Interests for Incapable Person
Best Interests for Incapable Person
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Mature Minor
Mature Minor
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Assent in Healthcare
Assent in Healthcare
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Confidentiality in Healthcare
Confidentiality in Healthcare
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Principle of Double Effect
Principle of Double Effect
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Excessively Burdensome Resuscitation
Excessively Burdensome Resuscitation
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Quality of Life for Disabled Children
Quality of Life for Disabled Children
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Moral Distress in Critical Illness
Moral Distress in Critical Illness
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Inequities in Childhood Healthcare
Inequities in Childhood Healthcare
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Palliative Care Exceptions
Palliative Care Exceptions
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Pediatric Palliative Care
Pediatric Palliative Care
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Social Supports for Vulnerable Children
Social Supports for Vulnerable Children
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End-of-Life Care
End-of-Life Care
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Palliative Sedation
Palliative Sedation
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Medical Aid in Dying (MAID)
Medical Aid in Dying (MAID)
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Doctrine of Double Effect
Doctrine of Double Effect
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Advance Directives
Advance Directives
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Grave and Irremediable Illness
Grave and Irremediable Illness
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Unbearable Suffering
Unbearable Suffering
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MAID Eligibility Criteria
MAID Eligibility Criteria
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Ethical Issues in MAID
Ethical Issues in MAID
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Macro-Ethical Issues in MAID
Macro-Ethical Issues in MAID
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Meso-Ethical Issues in MAID
Meso-Ethical Issues in MAID
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Micro-Ethical Issues in MAID
Micro-Ethical Issues in MAID
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Continuous Palliative Sedation
Continuous Palliative Sedation
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Respect for Persons
Respect for Persons
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Communication in End-of-Life Care
Communication in End-of-Life Care
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What's informed consent?
What's informed consent?
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Why is competence a continuum?
Why is competence a continuum?
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What does autonomy mean?
What does autonomy mean?
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What's paternalism in healthcare?
What's paternalism in healthcare?
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What are power dynamics in healthcare?
What are power dynamics in healthcare?
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What's the role of values in healthcare?
What's the role of values in healthcare?
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How do ethical principles guide healthcare?
How do ethical principles guide healthcare?
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What's the difference between consent and capacity?
What's the difference between consent and capacity?
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What's the role of social expectations in healthcare?
What's the role of social expectations in healthcare?
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What is 'free and enlightened consent'?
What is 'free and enlightened consent'?
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Conscientious Objection (Nurse)
Conscientious Objection (Nurse)
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Conscientious Objection (Nurse): Responsibilities
Conscientious Objection (Nurse): Responsibilities
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Advance Medical Directives (AMD)
Advance Medical Directives (AMD)
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AMD: Formalities
AMD: Formalities
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AMD: Conditions of Application
AMD: Conditions of Application
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AMD: Healthcare Provider's Role
AMD: Healthcare Provider's Role
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AMD: Changing the Directive
AMD: Changing the Directive
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LVAD (Left Ventricular Assist Device)
LVAD (Left Ventricular Assist Device)
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LVAD: Ethical Considerations
LVAD: Ethical Considerations
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Withdrawing Life-Sustaining Treatment
Withdrawing Life-Sustaining Treatment
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Professional Conscience
Professional Conscience
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Advance Care Planning
Advance Care Planning
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Moral Distress
Moral Distress
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Transferring Care (Conscientious Objection)
Transferring Care (Conscientious Objection)
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Surrogate Decision Maker
Surrogate Decision Maker
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Best Interest Standard
Best Interest Standard
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Futility in Healthcare
Futility in Healthcare
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Hassan Rasouli Case
Hassan Rasouli Case
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Goals of Care Discussion
Goals of Care Discussion
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Quality End-of-Life Care
Quality End-of-Life Care
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Shared Decision-Making
Shared Decision-Making
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Self-Reflection in Healthcare
Self-Reflection in Healthcare
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Debriefing and Follow-Up
Debriefing and Follow-Up
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Absence of Humility
Absence of Humility
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Curative Care
Curative Care
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Death-Denying Society
Death-Denying Society
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Trust and Respect
Trust and Respect
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Autonomy in Mental Health
Autonomy in Mental Health
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Beneficence in Mental Health
Beneficence in Mental Health
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Non-Maleficence in Mental Health
Non-Maleficence in Mental Health
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Paternalism in Mental Health
Paternalism in Mental Health
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Coercion in Mental Health
Coercion in Mental Health
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Dignity in Mental Health
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Consequentialism in Ethics
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Deontologicalism in Ethics
Deontologicalism in Ethics
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Professional Wisdom
Professional Wisdom
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Courage in Nursing
Courage in Nursing
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Unequal Power in Mental Health
Unequal Power in Mental Health
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Ethical Frameworks in Nursing
Ethical Frameworks in Nursing
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Emotional Intelligence in Decision Making
Emotional Intelligence in Decision Making
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Trauma and Violence Informed Care
Trauma and Violence Informed Care
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AI Ethics in Mental Health
AI Ethics in Mental Health
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MAID
MAID
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Reasonably Foreseeable Death
Reasonably Foreseeable Death
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Challenges of Dying at Home
Challenges of Dying at Home
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Unpaid Caregiving
Unpaid Caregiving
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Systemic Failure in End-of-Life Care
Systemic Failure in End-of-Life Care
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Opportunity Cost in Triage
Opportunity Cost in Triage
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Futile Care
Futile Care
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Do-Not-Resuscitate (DNR) Discussion
Do-Not-Resuscitate (DNR) Discussion
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Beneficence in End-of-Life Care
Beneficence in End-of-Life Care
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Non-Maleficence in End-of-Life Care
Non-Maleficence in End-of-Life Care
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Quality of Life in End-of-Life Care
Quality of Life in End-of-Life Care
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Sanctity of Life
Sanctity of Life
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Procedural Justice in End-of-Life Care
Procedural Justice in End-of-Life Care
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Therapeutic Relationship
Therapeutic Relationship
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Unsuitable Transplant Candidate
Unsuitable Transplant Candidate
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Injunction
Injunction
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Dialysis
Dialysis
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Right to Choose Healthcare
Right to Choose Healthcare
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Therapeutic Relationship Breakdown
Therapeutic Relationship Breakdown
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Moral Agency of Children
Moral Agency of Children
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Coercive Moral Language
Coercive Moral Language
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Unspoken Diagnosis
Unspoken Diagnosis
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Children's Moral Worth
Children's Moral Worth
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Broad Conception of Consent
Broad Conception of Consent
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Narratives of Moral Experience
Narratives of Moral Experience
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Pepperoni Pizza and Sex
Pepperoni Pizza and Sex
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Chez Gabriel
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Canadian Pediatric Society
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Study Notes
Psychiatric Confinement: Legal and Ethical Considerations
-
Danger Thresholds for Confinement: Confinement requires a demonstrable, specific, and personalized risk to self or others. A potential future risk is insufficient.
-
Legal Process for Different Confinement Types:
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Preventive Confinement: Immediate risk; no court order needed, just an MD order (72-hour limit).
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Provisional Confinement: Grave but not necessarily immediate risk; requires a court order for a psychiatric assessment; a court order can be obtained if the patient refuses a psychiatric evaluation (up to 7 days from the time of request).
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Authorized Confinement: Requires two separate psychiatric evaluations concluding danger to self or others. A court order sets a maximum duration (up to 30 days).
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Court Authorization for Psychiatric Assessments: A court order is necessary for psychiatric assessments without consent, especially for provisional confinement.
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Confinement Renewal: Every 30 days, further confinement requires new psychiatric evaluations. The entire process is repeated. The maximum extension is 90 days after the initial authorized confinement.
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Confinement Termination: Confinement ends when a psychiatrist certifies the patient is no longer a danger, or the time limit set by the court expires. A periodic reevaluation ensures safety.
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Patient Rights during Confinement: Patients retain the right to refuse treatment, seek legal counsel, and contest confinement in court. They also have a right to communication (unless medically contraindicated).
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Hospital/Healthcare Worker Responsibilities: Hospitals must ensure patients are informed, safe, and receive appropriate medical and legal support. Safety measures and patient monitoring are paramount. Complete and accurate documentation is essential.
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Treatment Refusal Implications: A patient's refusal of treatment does not automatically invalidate, or stop, a confinement, but refusal can be a factor in the determination of risk.
Similarities Between Psychiatric/Long-Term Care and Carceral Systems
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Economic Considerations: Systemic injustices, resources, historical patterns potentially link to the rise of confinement orders.
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Issues of Power and Control: Institutional power dynamics in psychiatric systems parallel those in carceral environments.
Role of Nurses in Confinement Situations:
- Patient Education and Rights: Nurses must promptly inform patients about their rights related to confinement procedures, evaluations, and involvement at court hearings for authorized confinement.
- Safety Measures: Nurses assess and implement appropriate safety measures (observation levels), ensuring patient safety and the safety of others.
- Documentation: Nurses meticulously document patient responses and interventions. Details are significant for legal proceedings and future evaluations.
Patient Privacy and Medical Records Access:
- Patient Rights: Individuals have the right to access their medical records.
- Exceptions: Access can be limited if it risks substantial harm to the patient's/3rd party health.
- Heirs/Minors/Deceased: Heirs have a right to relevant information, while minors' access is contingent on parental authority and potential harm considerations.
Director of Youth Protection:
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Child Protection: The Director of Youth Protection investigates potential violations of a child's rights within an institution.
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Mandatory Reporting: All professionals with reasonable suspicion of a child's harm (physical, sexual, emotional) have a mandated reporting obligation to the Director.
Limited Resources and Patient Rights:
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Conflict Resolution: Healthcare institutions must navigate conflicts between patient rights and budgetary constraints.
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Resource Allocation: Decisions must balance patient needs with limited financial and personnel resources.
Cases of Child Abuse, Neglect:
- Report Triggers: Reports to the Director of Youth Protection regarding children are mandatory under specific criteria, as outlined by Youth Protection Act.
MAiD (Medical Assistance in Dying)
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Eligibility Criteria (Canada): Age 18+, consent, grave and irremediable illness, advanced state of decline, constant and unbearable suffering, not just mental illness.
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Conscientious Objection: Nurses and healthcare professionals have the right to object to participating in MAID for personal/moral/religious reasons. They must ensure continuity of care through referrals if they refuse to participate.
General End of Life Care (EOLC) Principles:
- Good Care at EOL: Includes pain and symptom management, effective communication, spiritual/cultural practices, emotional support, and autonomy in decision-making.
Advance Care Planning:
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AMD Function: A method for documented preferences regarding life-sustaining treatment if a person lacks the capacity to express their wishes.
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Patient Agency: AMD recognizes that patients, within their capacity, want to direct their end-of-life treatment.
Case Law & Legal Context:
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Legal Precedents: Court rulings in cases like Charles Le Moyne, CSSS Côte-de-Gaspé, and Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosement provide guidance on determining and evaluating evidence of risk to self/others when considering confinement.
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Informed Consent: Informed consent (oral or written) is a critical component for psychiatric assessment, treatment, and EOL care. Healthcare workers must inform the patient of their right to refuse any/all treatments. A patient should be able to voice consent/dissent at any time.
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Capacity to Consent: Competent patients have the right to refuse any/all treatments. Capacity should not be age-based, nor should any patient be seen as incapable without a formal assessment of their capacity to consent.
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Conflicting Values: The cases presented highlight the conflict between patient autonomy and the perceived need for protective confinement.
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Conflict Resolution: Strategies for negotiating conflicting goals of care during EOLC include consensus medical opinions, psychosocial support, second opinions, and ethics consultations.
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Futility: The concept of “futile” care is complex and often subjective. Discussions regarding futility can reveal and highlight underlying tensions and conflicts.
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Advocacy: Advocacy plays an essential role when there is conflict between the healthcare team and patient/family/community regarding patient needs.
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Equity: Existing systemic inequities can result in marginalized groups being overrepresented in psychiatric/long-term care systems.
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