Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary cause according to the psychoanalytic model?
What is the primary cause according to the psychoanalytic model?
Which treatment method is associated with the humanistic psychological model?
Which treatment method is associated with the humanistic psychological model?
What is a common drawback of classification and diagnosis in mental health?
What is a common drawback of classification and diagnosis in mental health?
Which classification system is primarily used in the English-speaking world?
Which classification system is primarily used in the English-speaking world?
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What psychological model focuses on negative core beliefs and biased thinking?
What psychological model focuses on negative core beliefs and biased thinking?
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Which of the following is a major objective of using classification systems in mental health?
Which of the following is a major objective of using classification systems in mental health?
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Which psychological treatment focuses on learning new associations?
Which psychological treatment focuses on learning new associations?
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What does the ICD primarily address?
What does the ICD primarily address?
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What does the Id represent in Freud's theory of personality?
What does the Id represent in Freud's theory of personality?
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Which of the following is a criticism of the Biological/Medical Model in psychology?
Which of the following is a criticism of the Biological/Medical Model in psychology?
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What does the Ego do according to Freud's psychoanalytic theory?
What does the Ego do according to Freud's psychoanalytic theory?
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What is a possible outcome of unresolved conflicts in psychoanalytic theory?
What is a possible outcome of unresolved conflicts in psychoanalytic theory?
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Which statement reflects a limitation of psychoanalytic therapy?
Which statement reflects a limitation of psychoanalytic therapy?
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What does the Superego encompass in Freud's model of personality?
What does the Superego encompass in Freud's model of personality?
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How did psychoanalytic theory revolutionize the understanding of mental illness?
How did psychoanalytic theory revolutionize the understanding of mental illness?
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In what way is the medical model considered limited when applied to psychological illness?
In what way is the medical model considered limited when applied to psychological illness?
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What is a key assumption of the Biological/Medical Model of Mental Illness?
What is a key assumption of the Biological/Medical Model of Mental Illness?
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Which of the following statements aligns with the Biological/Medical Model's view on treatment?
Which of the following statements aligns with the Biological/Medical Model's view on treatment?
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Who is credited with the founding principles of the Biological/Medical Model in the context of mental health?
Who is credited with the founding principles of the Biological/Medical Model in the context of mental health?
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Which manual is the underlying model of the Biological/Medical Model in psychiatry?
Which manual is the underlying model of the Biological/Medical Model in psychiatry?
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What is a major criticism of the Biological/Medical Model?
What is a major criticism of the Biological/Medical Model?
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What does the Biological/Medical Model suggest about the nature of mental disorders?
What does the Biological/Medical Model suggest about the nature of mental disorders?
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Which psychological model contrasts with the Biological/Medical Model by focusing on individual experience?
Which psychological model contrasts with the Biological/Medical Model by focusing on individual experience?
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In the context of diagnosis, the Biological/Medical Model is most similar to which other field?
In the context of diagnosis, the Biological/Medical Model is most similar to which other field?
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What is a requirement for diagnosing a Major Depressive Episode according to the DSM-5?
What is a requirement for diagnosing a Major Depressive Episode according to the DSM-5?
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Which version of the DSM introduced the Major Depressive Disorder classification?
Which version of the DSM introduced the Major Depressive Disorder classification?
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Which of the following statements about the DSM-5's approach to classifications is accurate?
Which of the following statements about the DSM-5's approach to classifications is accurate?
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Which symptom is NOT part of the criteria for a Major Depressive Episode?
Which symptom is NOT part of the criteria for a Major Depressive Episode?
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When assessing symptoms of depression using the DSM-5, what aspect is emphasized?
When assessing symptoms of depression using the DSM-5, what aspect is emphasized?
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What is the minimum number of symptoms needed to qualify for a diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder?
What is the minimum number of symptoms needed to qualify for a diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder?
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Which DSM edition was published first after the introduction of the DSM-III in 1980?
Which DSM edition was published first after the introduction of the DSM-III in 1980?
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The DSM-5 research planning process began in what year?
The DSM-5 research planning process began in what year?
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What defines the research base for psychopathological diagnoses in the DSM?
What defines the research base for psychopathological diagnoses in the DSM?
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Which disorder was first introduced in DSM-III-R in 1987?
Which disorder was first introduced in DSM-III-R in 1987?
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The DSM has evolved with various editions. What year was the 5th edition published?
The DSM has evolved with various editions. What year was the 5th edition published?
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What notable change occurred with Asperger’s Disorder in the DSM-5?
What notable change occurred with Asperger’s Disorder in the DSM-5?
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What problem was noted with initial editions of the DSM regarding inter-rater reliability?
What problem was noted with initial editions of the DSM regarding inter-rater reliability?
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What major concern was raised about the validity of the definitions in the early DSM editions?
What major concern was raised about the validity of the definitions in the early DSM editions?
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In the DSM-5 Text Revision (2022), which of the following language updates was made?
In the DSM-5 Text Revision (2022), which of the following language updates was made?
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What was the main theoretical influence on the first two editions of the DSM?
What was the main theoretical influence on the first two editions of the DSM?
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Study Notes
Models of Mental Illness
- Several models for understanding mental illness: Biological/Medical, Psychoanalytic, Humanistic, Behavioral, Cognitive-Behavioral.
- The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) serves as a key classification tool.
Biological/Medical Model
- Dominant approach in psychiatry; central to the development of DSM-5.
- Assumes that mental disorders can be diagnosed akin to physical illnesses through biological processes.
- Treatments focus on correcting biological deficiencies, including medication (e.g., antidepressants) and Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT).
Criticisms of Biological/Medical Model
- Risk of extreme reductionism ignores the complexity of psychological phenomena.
- Overreliance on animal research can misguide conclusions in human contexts.
- Causation assumptions based on treatment efficacy may be unfounded; just because a treatment works does not mean it explains the disorder.
- Lack of clear distinctions between physical and mental health can lead to misunderstandings of psychological illnesses.
Psychoanalytic Model
- Founded by Freud, emphasizing unresolved conflicts within the psyche.
- Personality structure includes Id (instinctual desires), Ego (reality-oriented), and Superego (moral conscience).
- Mental suffering results from the conflict between these components.
Psychoanalytic Treatment
- Aims to provide insight into unconscious processes and unresolved conflicts.
- Encourages awareness of one's defense mechanisms, such as repression and denial.
Critiques of Psychoanalytic Model
- Weak empirical support; theories often unfalsifiable and not open to rigorous evaluation.
Other Psychological Models
- Humanistic Model: Links mental health to thwarted self-actualization, emphasizing empathy and unconditional positive regard.
- Behavioral Model: Focuses on learned associations and aims to replace maladaptive responses with healthier ones.
- Cognitive-Behavioral Model: Centers on negative core beliefs and cognitive distortions; employs cognitive restructuring to address issues.
Classification and Diagnosis
- DSM: First published in 1952, currently at DSM-5 and DSM-5-TR (2022); widely used in English-speaking countries for diagnosing mental disorders.
- ICD: Developed by the WHO, currently in its 11th edition, used predominantly in Europe.
Pros and Cons of Diagnosis
- Benefits include improved communication among professionals and the community.
- Risks involve stigma, over-medicalization of normal stress responses, and questions of validity and reliability.
Key Features of DSM
- Defines symptom criteria for various mental disorders; reflects a biological/medical perspective.
- Includes major updates (e.g., introduction of Generalized Anxiety Disorder, removal of Asperger's Disorder) reflecting evolving understanding.
- Emphasizes the importance of clinical training and experience for accurate diagnosis.
Developmental History of DSM
- Early editions (DSM-I and II) heavily influenced by psychoanalytic theory; struggled with reliability and validity.
- From DSM-III onwards, more focus on empirical evidence and symptom-based diagnosis rather than theoretical causation.
Major Depressive Disorder Criteria (DSM-5)
- A diagnosis requires at least five symptoms, including depressed mood and significant changes in weight or sleep patterns, experienced over a two-week period.
Future Directions
- Critics advocate for a dimensional understanding of mental disorders, encouraging assessments of severity rather than categorical diagnoses.
- Awareness of limitations in the diagnostic system is important for ongoing research and practice.
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Description
Explore the various models of mental illness in this quiz based on PSYC1002. Learn about the classification and diagnosis of mental health conditions as presented by Dr. Elizabeth Seeley-Wait, incorporating insights from her colleagues' work. This resource aims to deepen your understanding of mental health classification.
