Questions and Answers
In the definition of psychology, what does the term behavior mean?
overt actions and reactions
Who is considered to be the father of African American psychology?
What did Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis focus on?
early childhood experiences
Which psychologist focused on observable behavior and ignored consciousness?
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Which perspective is often referred to as the 'third force' in psychology?
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Which perspective best explains the bystander effect?
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If Dr. Byers uses an eclectic approach in her treatment, what is she doing?
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If Dr. Colton identifies himself with the largest subfield of psychology, what type of psychologist is he?
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If Micah needs psychological medication, who should he first see?
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A psychologist studying why married couples begin to look alike is interested in what goal?
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Which step in the scientific approach derives from the goal of description?
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What step in the scientific approach is Brianne focusing on if she wants an explanation for the behavior of her lab rats?
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What type of study is exemplified by the famous case of Phineas Gage?
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What correlation is demonstrated by increased exercise leading to decreased weight?
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In a study measuring accidents while texting, what is the independent variable?
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What type of experiment does the assistant conduct by sharing anonymous results?
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What do double-blind studies control for?
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In the stereotypes-and-athletes study, who constituted the control group?
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What does Dr. Calvin have to do when a participant wants to quit due to boredom?
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What error did Bethany make when deciding to order a golf bracelet based on a famous golfer's advertisement?
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Study Notes
Psychology Overview
- Behavior Definition: Refers to overt actions and reactions rather than just internal processes.
- Father of African American Psychology: Francis Cecil Sumner, a pivotal figure in the field.
Key Theories and Figures
- Freud's Psychoanalysis: Emphasizes the impact of early childhood experiences on behavior.
- John Watson's Contribution: Ignored consciousness to focus solely on observable behavior, marking a shift in psychology.
Psychological Perspectives
- Humanism: Known as the "third force" in psychology, prioritizes human freedom of choice.
- Sociocultural Perspective: Explains phenomena like the bystander effect, showing how group presence influences individual actions.
Clinical Psychology
- Eclectic Approach: Involves using a combination of psychological perspectives for treatment.
- Clinical Psychologist: Engages primarily with serious psychological disorders, offering extensive support.
Psychiatry and Disorders
- Psychiatrist Role: Medical professional specializing in diagnosing and treating mental illnesses, often using medication.
Research Methods in Psychology
- Goals of Psychology: Include description, control, prediction, and explanation of behavior.
- Scientific Approach: Emphasizes steps like perceiving a question and testing hypotheses to ensure rigorous analysis.
Case Studies and Correlations
- Phineas Gage Study: Considered a landmark case study demonstrating the relationship between brain function and behavior.
- Negative Correlation Example: Increased exercise correlates with decreased weight, indicating an inverse relationship.
Experimental Design
- Independent Variable: In studies, it’s the factor being manipulated (e.g., texting while driving).
- Double-Blind Experiment: Both participants and experimenters are unaware of key elements to prevent bias.
Ethical Considerations in Research
- Participant Rights: Researchers must respect participants’ decisions to withdraw from studies.
- Authority Bias: Trust in authority figures (e.g., celebrities) does not guarantee the accuracy of their claims.
Critical Thinking
- The importance of distinguishing between the quality of evidence and claims made by experts is essential for informed judgment.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the fundamentals of psychology with this flashcard quiz based on Chapter 1: The Science of Psychology. Explore key definitions, historical figures, and important concepts that define the field. Perfect for anyone studying psychology!
