PSYC 1010: Fostering a Positive Learning Environment
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Questions and Answers

What percentage of the overall grade do the four non-cumulative multiple choice tests contribute?

  • 10%
  • 34%
  • 68%
  • 17% (correct)

    • Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way to earn marks in the course?

  • Mini assignments
  • Quizzes (correct)
  • Participation in real research
  • Applied reflections

    • What is the maximum percentage a student can earn towards their grade by participating in the URPP?

  • 4% (correct)
  • 10%
  • 2%
  • 8%

    • What should students do if they are having trouble in the course?

    <p>Talk to the professor or TA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended tip for success in this course?

    <p>Complete all course components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the third variable problem in research?

    <p>The influence of an external factor that affects both variables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What principle suggests that a simpler explanation may be preferred over a more complex one?

    <p>Occam's razor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following distinguishes applied research from basic research?

    <p>Applied research utilizes findings to address everyday issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is essential for a scientific claim to be considered falsifiable?

    <p>It must allow for the possibility of being proven wrong.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the implication of the extraordinary claims principle in psychology?

    <p>Evidence should be commensurate with the radicalness of the claim.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main driver of behavior according to operant conditioning?

    <p>Reinforcement and punishment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the cognitive perspective focus on in psychology?

    <p>Mental processes underlying thinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is a significant barrier to women's participation in psychology according to the content?

    <p>Social prejudice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does naïve realism imply?

    <p>Perception is always accurate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the steps of the scientific method in psychology?

    <p>Identify, formulate, research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a hypothesis in scientific research?

    <p>A testable prediction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What bias is described as the tendency to seek out evidence that supports one's hypothesis?

    <p>Confirmation bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the bystander effect hypothesized to illustrate?

    <p>People are less likely to help in group situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does belief perseverance refer to?

    <p>The inclination to adhere to initial beliefs despite contradictory evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a warning sign of psychological pseudoscience?

    <p>Frequent self-correction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Patternicity refers to which of the following tendencies?

    <p>Detecting meaningful patterns in random stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of critical thinking?

    <p>To evaluate claims open-mindedly and carefully</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle of scientific thinking addresses the need for extraordinary evidence for extraordinary claims?

    <p>Occam’s Razor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the emotional reasoning fallacy involve?

    <p>Relying on emotions rather than evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes why people are drawn to pseudoscience?

    <p>It provides comfort by affirming their beliefs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Not me fallacy' refer to?

    <p>Believing that only others are subject to cognitive biases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Wilhelm Wundt contribute to the field of psychology?

    <p>He established the first psychology lab and focused on structuralism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which perspective focuses on the role of the unconscious mind and early childhood experiences?

    <p>Psychoanalysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of behaviorism?

    <p>Analyzing how behavior is learned and modified through consequences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key idea associated with functionalism?

    <p>Behavior is a result of evolutionary processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did John B. Watson advocate for in psychology?

    <p>A focus on observable behavior and environmental influences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method did Wilhelm Wundt use to explore the structure of the mind?

    <p>Systematic observation and introspection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    B.F. Skinner's research primarily concentrated on which aspect of behavior?

    <p>The consequences of behavior and its reinforcement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one significant difference between structuralism and functionalism?

    <p>Structuralism studies individual elements of the mind, while functionalism studies their purposes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Fostering a Positive Learning Environment

    • Dr. Alisha Salerno is the professor for PSYC 1010
    • The course aims to foster a positive learning environment
    • The course emphasizes accessibility and flexibility
    • Students can engage in real-world research through the URPP program

    Course Structure and Components

    • The course includes lectures, interactive activities, and discussions
    • There are four cumulative multiple-choice tests (17% each)
    • Students complete two mini assignments (8% & 10%)
    • There are two applied reflections (2% each)
    • The URPP component contributes 4% to the final grade
    • Lecture slides are available before class

    Tips for Success

    • Stay on top of readings and assignments
    • Ask questions and seek help from TAs
    • Make friends with like-minded students
    • Use proper email etiquette

    What is Psychology?

    • The scientific study of behavior and mental processes
    • Psychologists describe, predict, and explain human behavior and mental processes

    The History of Psychology

    • Psychology has roots in ancient Greek philosophy
    • Wilhelm Wundt established the first psychology lab in 1879, focusing on structuralism.

    Theoretical Perspectives in Psychology

    • Structuralism: Founded by Wilhelm Wundt and E.B.Titchener, exploring the structure of the mind through introspection
    • Functionalism: Founded by William James, focusing on the functions of mental processes and how they help us adapt
    • Psychodynamic: Founded by Sigmund Freud, emphasis on unconscious mind and early childhood experiences
    • Behaviorism: Founded by John B. Watson, focuses on observable behaviors and their environmental influences
    • Cognitivism: Focuses on the mental processes involved in thinking and behavior
    • Behaviorism: Founded by B.F. Skinner, explores the impact of consequences on behavior

    Women in Psychology

    • Women faced significant obstacles in entering the field of psychology
    • Margaret Floy Washburn was the first woman to receive a PhD in psychology
    • Esther Greenglass was the only woman in her PhD program at the University of Toronto in 1967
    • Women still represent a minority in higher-ranking faculty positions in psychology

    Ways of Knowing

    • Authority: accepting information from trusted sources
    • Reason: using logic and deduction
    • Observation: Gathering information through our senses

    Limitations of Common Sense

    • Naïve Realism: the tendency to believe that what we perceive is accurate
    • Common sense can sometimes be accurate and help generate hypotheses
    • Research demonstrates that snap judgments based on facial traits can predict sexual orientation with a 65% accuracy rate

    The Scientific Method

    • A systematic approach to acquire knowledge about behavior and other phenomena
    • Involves identifying questions, formulating explanations, and conducting research

    Scientific Theory

    • An explanation for a large number of natural world findings
    • A testable prediction is called a hypothesis
    • The Bystander Effect is an example of a scientific theory

    Bias Awareness

    • Confirmation Bias: Seeking out evidence that confirms preexisting beliefs
    • Belief Perseverance: Holding onto beliefs even when contradictory evidence exists

    Pseudoscience

    • Imposters of science with claims lacking scientific evidence
    • Examples include energy therapies and astrology

    Warning Signs of Pseudoscience

    • Use of jargon or psychobabble
    • Lack of self-correction
    • Overreliance on anecdotal evidence
    • Making extraordinary claims without sufficient evidence

    Explanations for Pseudoscience Appeal

    • Patternicity: Our tendency to perceive patterns in random stimuli
    • Terror Management Theory: Seeking comforting worldviews to manage the fear of death

    The Antidote for Pseudoscience

    • Engage in scientific thinking
    • Distinguish science from pseudoscience
    • Avoid common logical fallacies

    Common Logical Fallacies

    • Emotional Reasoning Fallacy: Using emotions instead of evidence
    • Bandwagon Fallacy: Assuming something is true because many people believe it.
    • Not Me Fallacy: Believing that biases apply to others but not oneself.

    Dangers of Pseudoscience

    • Opportunity Cost: Wasting resources on ineffective treatments
    • Direct Harm: Pseudoscientific practices can cause harm to individuals
    • Blocking Critical Thinking: Pseudoscientific beliefs can generalize to other areas of life

    Critical Thinking

    • A set of skills to evaluate claims objectively and cautiously
    • Key to scientific method and scientific thinking

    Six Principles of Scientific Thinking

    • Ruling out Rival Hypotheses: considering alternative explanations
    • Correlation vs. Causation: understanding that correlation doesn't imply causation
    • Falsifiability: The ability to prove a claim wrong
    • Replicability: The ability to reproduce scientific findings
    • Extraordinary Claims: Claims requiring persuasive evidence
    • Occam’s Razor: Preferring simpler explanations when multiple explanations exist

    Modern Psychology

    • Experimental Psychology: Research focused on understanding basic mental processes
    • Clinical Psychology: Treatment, assessment, and diagnosis of mental health issues

    Branches of Psychology

    • Neuropsychology
    • Child/developmental psychology
    • I-O psychology
    • Sports psychology
    • Social/personality psychology
    • Forensic psychology

    How Psychology Affects our Lives

    • Basic Research: Examines how the mind works
    • Applied Research: Utilizing research to solve real-world problems

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    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    PSY 1010 Lecture Notes: Introduction to Psychology (PDF)

    Description

    This quiz focuses on key components of the PSYC 1010 course led by Dr. Alisha Salerno. Students will explore the structure, expectations, and strategies for success in fostering a positive learning environment. Engage with real-world research opportunities through the URPP program as part of the learning experience.

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