26 Questions
What is the main purpose of descriptive statistics?
Summary calculations and presentation of data
Which type of statistics involves making inferences about a population using data from a smaller sample?
Inferential statistics
What is the term for the characteristic or condition that the experimenter manipulates, controls, or observes?
Variable
Which variable is also known as the criterion or outcome variable?
Dependent variable
What is the term for variables that influence the direction and/or magnitude of the relationship between the independent and dependent variable?
Moderating variable
Which example represents an independent variable?
Anxiety
What does inferential statistics involve?
(Probably) making inferences, estimates, or predictions about a population using a sample
What is the term for the process of assigning values or labels to variables?
(Measurement)
How are statistics used by a psychologist in the context of the text?
To analyze the effectiveness of an intervention program to reduce anxiety and depression
What is the science of statistics primarily concerned with?
Collecting, presenting, analyzing, and interpreting data
Variables and Measurement Independent variable is also called the ______ variable.
treatment
Variables and Measurement Dependent variable is also known as the ______ variable.
outcome
Statistics as a Tool in Research Descriptive statistics is concerned with summary ______.
calculations
Statistics as a Tool in Research Inferential statistics involves making inferences, estimates or predictions about a large set of data (called a population) using the information gathered from a smaller set of data (called a ______).
sample
Variables and Measurement Anxiety is an example of an ______ variable.
independent
Variables and Measurement Test Scores is an example of a ______ variable.
dependent
Variables and Measurement IQ is an example of a ______ variable.
moderator
Statistics as a Tool in Research Descriptive statistics largely involves gathering, classification and ______ of data.
presentation
Statistics as a Tool in Research Examples of descriptive statistics include class average of examination, average salary, range of family income, percentage of students who obtained a grade higher than ______.
90
In statistics, the descriptive measure of the population is called a ______ while a descriptive measure of a sample is called statistic.
parameter
Statistics is the science/methods of collecting, presenting, analyzing and interpreting ______.
data
A psychologist investigates an intervention program to help reduce anxiety and depression, and uses statistics as evidence of the ______ of the program.
effectiveness
To an appliance store manager, statistics may refer to the brand of electric fan or refrigerator most consumers ______.
buy
To a school principal, statistics are information regarding increase or decrease in school enrolment, faculty salary, dropout rate and ______.
absenteeism
To a college student, statistics are his scores on quizzes, exams and ______.
assignments
When you collect data, you utilize questionnaires, interviews, tests, observations and ______.
experiments
Study Notes
Descriptive Statistics
- The main purpose of descriptive statistics is to gather, classify, and summarize data.
- Descriptive statistics involves summarizing and organizing data to understand the basic features of the data.
Inferential Statistics
- Inferential statistics involves making inferences, estimates, or predictions about a population using data from a sample.
- Inferential statistics helps to make conclusions about a larger population based on a smaller sample of data.
Variables
- An independent variable is also known as the predictor variable.
- A dependent variable is also known as the criterion or outcome variable.
- Intervening variables, also known as moderator variables, influence the direction and/or magnitude of the relationship between the independent and dependent variable.
- Anxiety is an example of a dependent variable.
- Test Scores and IQ are examples of quantitative variables.
Research and Statistics
- Statistics is the science of collecting, presenting, analyzing, and interpreting data.
- A psychologist uses statistics as evidence of the effectiveness of an intervention program.
- To an appliance store manager, statistics refer to data on consumer preferences.
- To a school principal, statistics include information on school enrolment, faculty salary, dropout rate, and other relevant data.
- To a college student, statistics include scores on quizzes, exams, and assignments.
- Data collection methods include questionnaires, interviews, tests, observations, and surveys.
Learn about the basic concepts, meaning, nature and importance of statistics, distinguish types of data and levels of measurement, and identify types of variables given a research problem in the field of psychological statistics.
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