PoxViridae L2

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson
Download our mobile app to listen on the go
Get App

Questions and Answers

Pseudocowpox belongs to which viral genus?

  • Orthopoxvirus
  • Parapoxvirus (correct)
  • Adenovirus
  • Herpesvirus

Which species can be affected by viruses in the Parapoxvirus genus?

  • Only cattle
  • Only humans
  • Cattle, sheep, goats, and humans (correct)
  • Birds and reptiles

What is pseudocowpox commonly called when it infects humans?

  • Cowpox
  • Orf
  • Milkers nodule (correct)
  • Bovine eczema

How is pseudocowpox primarily transmitted?

<p>From infected cattle via direct or indirect contact (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a known transmission route of pseudocowpox?

<p>Airborne transmission (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can calves become infected with pseudocowpox?

<p>By sucking on infected teats of cows</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which regions has pseudocowpox been reported?

<p>In most countries worldwide</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of pseudocowpox lesions?

<p>Hyperplasia of squamous epithelium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How severe are pseudocowpox infections typically?

<p>Mild (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct sequence of lesion development in pseudocowpox?

<p>Erythema → papule → vesicle or pustule → rupture → thick scab formation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical size range of the thick scabs formed in pseudocowpox?

<p>0.5 to 25 cm in diameter</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do the thick scabs in pseudocowpox lesions become elevated?

<p>Due to granulation tissue buildup (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After 7–10 days, what is a characteristic feature of the healing pseudocowpox lesion?

<p>A horseshoe-shaped ring of small scabs around a small wart-like granuloma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of chronic pseudocowpox lesions?

<p>Yellow-gray, soft scurfy scabs that are rubbed off during milking (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a feature of chronic pseudocowpox?

<p>Painful ulcerative wounds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the skin in chronic pseudocowpox infections?

<p>It becomes corrugated and thickened (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the hallmark clinical sign (pathognomonic lesion) of pseudocowpox?

<p>A horseshoe shaped ring of small scabs around a wart-like granuloma</p> Signup and view all the answers

What laboratory methods can confirm a diagnosis of pseudocowpox?

<p>Isolation and detection of the virus from vesicular fluid or teat skin samples (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diseases is NOT a differential diagnosis for pseudocowpox?

<p>Foot-and-mouth disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does udder impetigo differ from pseudocowpox?

<p>Udder impetigo is caused by a bacterial infection, whereas pseudocowpox is viral (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which environmental condition can cause teat lesions that resemble pseudocowpox?

<p>Frostbite and teat chaps (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the treatment methods for pseudocowpox?

<p>Removal of scabs, burn scabs to prevent environmental contamination, application of an emollient ointment before milking and application of astringement preparation after milking.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the prevention methods for psuedocowpox?

<p>Disenfection via iodophor teat dip, isolation and treatment of infected cows, and reduce teat trauma- as injuries to skin of teat predisposes to infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the synonyms for Contagious Ecthyma?

<p>ORF, Scabby mouth, Contagious pustular dermatitis, and sore mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following Genus does Contagious Ecthyma belong to?

<p>Parapoxvirus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who are the hosts susceptible to ORF/Conotagious Ecthyma?

<p>Shoats, primarily lambs and goat kids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Contagious Ecthyma aka ORF has a worldwide distribution

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of Contagious Ecthyma scabs contributes to its transmission?

<p>They contain a high concentration of the virus. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is Contagious Ecthyma able to persist in the environment for extended periods?

<p>The virus remains infectious for a long time under dry conditions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do contaminated instruments contribute to the spread of Contagious Ecthyma?

<p>They create skin abrasions, allowing viral entry. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary route of Contagious Ecthyma infection in healthy animals??

<p>Through damaged skin. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are docking instruments and ear-tagging pliers specifically mentioned as potential sources of Contagious Ecthyma transmission?

<p>They often cause skin abrasions, facilitating viral entry. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the MOST likely reason Contagious Ecthyma spreads rapidly through a flock of sheep or goats?

<p>The animals are in close contact, facilitating transmission through damaged skin. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a lamb develops oral lesions, what is the most likely source of the Contagious Ecthyma infection?

<p>Lesions on the mother's teats. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the pathogenesis of Contagious Ecthyma lesions starting from “macule”

<p>The lesions evolve from macule, papule, vesicle, pustule, ulcers and finally scab formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do the first lesions of Contagious Ecthyma (ORF) typically develop?

<p>At the mucocutaneous junction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common consequence of ORF in affected animals?

<p>Immediate scarring after lesion healing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long does it take for ORF scabs to drop off and heal?

<p>1-4 weeks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a severe complication of ORF due to secondary bacterial infection?

<p>Both A and B (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should the ORF vaccine NOT be used on farms without an existing ORF problem?

<p>It can introduce the disease into the farm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the ORF vaccine applied on the animal?

<p>Inside the thigh (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should pregnant ewes be vaccinated against ORF?

<p>7-8 weeks before lambing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main sign that an ORF vaccine is viable?

<p>The appearance of a local reaction at the vaccination site (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should you inspect a lamb you’ve vaccinated for ORF to observe any local reactions?

<p>1 week (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In humans, where can ORF lesions commonly develop?

<p>Finger, hands and face (C), Arm and penis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Pseudocowpox genus

A viral genus that includes the pseudocowpox virus.

Species affected by Parapoxvirus

Cattle, sheep, goats, and humans.

Pseudocowpox in humans

Milker's nodule

Pseudocowpox transmission

Direct or indirect contact with infected cattle.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How calves get infected

Sucking on infected teats of cows.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pseudocowpox regions

Most countries worldwide.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Primary characteristic of lesions

Hyperplasia of squamous epithelium.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Severity of Pseudocowpox

Mild.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lesion sequence

Erythema → papule → vesicle or pustule → rupture → thick scab formation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Scab size range

0.5 to 25 cm in diameter.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Why scabs elevate

Due to granulation tissue buildup.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Healing lesion feature

A horseshoe-shaped ring of small scabs around a small wart-like granuloma.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Chronic pseudocowpox feature

Yellow-gray, soft scurfy scabs that are rubbed off during milking.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Skin in chronic infections

The skin becomes corrugated and thickened.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pseudocowpox hallmark lesion

A horseshoe shaped ring of small scabs around a wart-like granuloma.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Diagnosis methods

Isolation and detection of the virus from vesicular fluid or teat skin samples.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Udder impetigo vs. pseudocowpox

Udder impetigo is caused by a bacterial infection, whereas pseudocowpox is viral.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Environmental condition that causes teat lesions

Frostbite and teat chaps.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Non-transmission route

Airborne transmission

Signup and view all the flashcards

Not a Differential Diagnosis

Foot-and-mouth disease

Signup and view all the flashcards

Typical Severity

Mild.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Milker's Nodule

Another name for the pseudocowpox virus in humans, typically contracted by dairy farmers.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Contagious Ecthyma

A viral disease primarily affecting sheep and goats, especially lambs and kids, characterized by lesions around the mouth.

Signup and view all the flashcards

ORF virus

The scientific name of the virus that causes contagious ecthyma. It belongs to the genus Parapoxvirus.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Contagious Ecthyma Host

Sheep and goats, with a higher prevalence and severity observed in young animals like lambs and goat kids.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Contagious Ecthyma Distribution

Contagious Ecthyma is present globally, affecting sheep and goat populations worldwide.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Contagious Ecthyma Transmission

Scabs from healing lesions contain the contagious ecthyma virus and can transmit the disease.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Virus Stability

The contagious ecthyma virus is highly stable and infectious for extended periods, especially in dry conditions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Instrument Transmission

Contaminated instruments, such as those used for docking or ear tagging, can transmit the contagious ecthyma virus.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Speed of Spread

Contagious ecthyma spreads rapidly within a flock due to its highly contagious nature.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Entry Point

The contagious ecthyma virus infects animals by entering through damaged skin.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Oral Lesion Transmission

Lambs and kids can develop oral lesions from nursing on dams with teat lesions, and vice versa, spreading contagious ecthyma.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

  • Pseudocowpox in humans manifests as Milker's nodules.
  • Lesions appear on hands of dairy farmers milking teats or vets treating infected cows.
  • Lesions range from multiple vesicles to a single, indurated nodule.

Contagious Ecthyma

  • Also known as ORF, scabby mouth, contagious pustular dermatitis, sore mouth
  • Etiology: ORF virus, genus parapoxvirus
  • Primarily affects sheep and goats, especially lambs and goat kids.
  • Distribution: worldwide
  • Transmission occurs through scabs that fall off healing lesions, as they contain the virus.
  • Viruses are stable in the environment and remain highly infectious for long periods under dry conditions.
  • Contaminated instruments, like docking instruments or ear-tagging pliers, can transmit the virus.
  • Spread in a flock is very rapid.
  • Virus infects healthy animals primarily through damaged skin.
  • Oral lesions in lambs or kids result from nursing dams with teat lesions, and vice versa.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team
Use Quizgecko on...
Open
Browser
Browser