PS219: Within-Subjects Design & Dependent-Samples T-Test

In a within-subjects design, what serves as the control for each participant?

In a within-subjects design, different participants receive different treatments, or experience different levels of a given independent variable.

What is compared using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)?

Homogeneity of variance, which means that the variances of each group should be similar enough to be compared using ANOVA, is assessed using ______'s test.

What is a key consideration when checking for a significant difference between groups?

A larger F score indicates a smaller difference between groups.

In a within-subjects study where participants receive the same intervention at multiple time points, what is the independent variable?

Which of the following is an example of a non-equivalent group design?

In a pretest-posttest non-equivalent control group design, assignment bias is completely eliminated through pre and post measurement.

Specific events that may occur during a study and influence the outcomes are known as differential ______ effects.

Which of the following is a threat to validity related to changes in measurement during a study?

Differential testing effects refer to changes that occur naturally over time within participants, such as aging or fatigue.

What type of experimental design is the Solomon four-group design used to control for?

In the Solomon four-group design, how many groups receive a pre-test?

In a one-factor, two treatment within-subjects design, participants are subjected to multiple independent variables.

For equal interval data in a one-factor, two treatment within-subjects design, a parametric ______ t-test can be used for analysis.

Which of the following is an advantage of using a within-subjects design?

Habituation, a disadvantage in within-subjects design, increases reactivity to a stimulus following repeated exposure, which can corrupt research findings.

What is the term for the phenomenon where performance in a later condition is affected because participants know better what to do due to previous exposure?

Which of the following methods can be used to control for order effects in a within-subjects design?

A t-test for dependent means is computed when there is one set of scores for each participant.

When conducting a t-test, there is no need to check for homogeneity of variance when dealing with the ______ group.

What does a t-score of 3 indicate when performing a t-test?

The degrees of freedom (df) is equal to the sample size plus the number of parameters needed to calculate during an analysis.

Match the following designs that a t-test for dependent means can be used to examine with its general type: