PS2011 Psychology: Hemispatial Neglect and Emotion

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Questions and Answers

What is a characteristic of spatial deficits in hemispatial neglect?

Only exhibited in bilateral stimuli

Only affected by spatial stimulus attributes

Operating in multiple and dissociable coordinate systems (correct)

Operating in a single coordinate system

What is the primary neural correlate of extinction for neutral and negative facial expressions?

Amygdala (correct)

Hypothalamus

Prefrontal cortex

Cerebellum

What is a key feature of the deficits associated with extinction and neglect?

Reflect physical damage to neural circuits (correct)

Only observed in bilateral stimuli

Perceptual rather than attentional

Complete absence of response to visual stimuli

What is a characteristic of the attentional deficits in schizophrenia and ADHD?

Inhibitory deficit of irrelevant stimuli Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary region of interest (ROI) in the neural correlates of extinction and awareness for neutral and negative facial expressions?

Amygdala Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of non-spatial stimulus attributes on the magnitude of neglect in hemispatial neglect?

Increases the magnitude of neglect Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of attention deficits in individuals with ADHD?

Made more errors of omission Signup and view all the answers

Which brain region is associated with dynamic allocation of attention and flexibility?

Cingulate cortex Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of selective attention in guiding behavior?

To prioritize neural processes Signup and view all the answers

In ADHD individuals, what is the effect of unsuccessful inhibition on neural activation?

Reduced activation of cingulate cortex Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of studying patterns of inattention in neuropsychological patients?

To understand the role of attention in normal individuals Signup and view all the answers

In the context of your research, what is the primary goal of investigating emotion-mediated inhibition on a test of visual short-term memory in schizophrenia?

To understand the role of emotion in visual short-term memory Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of acute right hemisphere stroke patients are affected by Hemispatial Neglect?

2/3 Signup and view all the answers

According to Karnath et al. (2004), what type of analysis is used to compare neglect patients with healthy controls?

Voxelwise statistical comparison Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary deficit in Hemispatial Neglect, according to the text?

Lack of awareness of objects and events contralateral to the lesion Signup and view all the answers

What is one way in which spatial coordinates can be coded?

Relative to the individual's centre of gaze (retinotopic) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the neurological syndrome associated with unilateral cortical lesions?

Hemispatial Neglect Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the PS2011 module?

Selective Attention Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Hemispatial Neglect

Patient failed to detect differences on left side of image that fell on the right side of visual midline, indicating spatial deficits in hemispatial neglect
Deficits operate in multiple (and dissociable) coordinate systems
Magnitude of neglect is also affected by non-spatial stimulus attributes
Hemispatial neglect is a neurological syndrome associated with unilateral cortical lesions
Affects approximately 2/3 of acute right hemisphere stroke patients
Presents as a lack of awareness of objects and events contralateral (opposite) the causal lesion

Emotion and Extinction

Unilateral bilateral neutral bilateral negative neural correlates of extinction and awareness for neutral and negative facial expressions
Amygdala responds to fearful, but not neutral, facial expressions
Extinction reflects relative activation rather than absence of response to visual stimulus, indicating attentional not perceptual deficit

Attention and Psychopathology

Deficits in attention characterize many psychiatric syndromes
Inhibitory deficit (of irrelevant stimuli) is a core feature of Schizophrenia and ADHD
Deficits of attention are a core characteristic of many types of psychopathology

Selective Attention and Schizophrenia

ADHD group showed slower responses on go trials, faster responses on stop trials, made more errors of omission, and had more variable RTs
Data reveal differential activation of neural circuits associated with attentional control in ADHD
Reduced activation of prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate during successful inhibition
Reduced activation of cingulate cortex when inhibition fails
Cingulate cortex is associated with dynamic allocation of attention (flexibility)

Selective Attention and ADHD

Evidence of altered neurophysiological function despite task difficulty being equated and lack of medication in ADHD group
Changes in neural activation correlated with parental ratings of children on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire
ADHD characterized by distinct pattern of activity across network of cortical areas associated with attention and control

Summary

Attention coordinates competitive neural processes to guide coherent behavior
Selective attention entails a network of neural areas that prioritize and schedule sensory and post-sensory processes
Patterns of inattention in neuropsychological and pathological patients provide insights into the role of attention in “normal” individuals

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Description

Test your understanding of hemispatial neglect, spatial deficits, and emotion and extinction with this psychology quiz. Covers concepts from PS2011, including research studies and theories. Assess your knowledge of psychological principles and concepts.