Protozoan Parasites Classification
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Questions and Answers

Quid est nomen scientificum organismi causantis malariae?

Plasmodium

Quid est vector malariae?

Anopheles mosquito

Quae species Plasmodium est in malaria grave?

  • P. ovale
  • P. malariae
  • P. vivax
  • P. falciparum (correct)

    • Malaria est morbus transmittentur per aquam.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Coniunge species Plasmodium cum suis periodicitatibus:

    <p>P. falciparum = Malignant tertian P. vivax = Benign tertian P. malariae = Quartan P. ovale = Ovale tertian</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quis est antigen receptor in erythrocytis, pro merozoitis Plasmodium?

    <p>Glycophorin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quid est nomen pigmenti malariae?

    <p>Haemozoin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quid est nomen formae parasite in erythrocyte, infectum Plasmodium, qui est simile a ring?

    <p>Ring form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hypnozoitis est resting form in Plasmodium vivax et Plasmodium ovale

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quid est nomen formae parasite post ring form, infectum Plasmodium, qui est simile a amoeba?

    <p>Amoeboid form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quid est nomen formae parasite in which merozoites est in RBC?

    <p>Schizont</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quid est nomen formae parasite qui est creat in liver cells?

    <p>Exoerythrocytic schizont</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quid est nomen formae parasite qui est creat in mosquito?

    <p>Ookinete</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quid est nomen formae parasite qui est creat in mosquito, qui est infect liver cells?

    <p>Sporozoite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gametocytes est forma parasite qui est infect RBC et causat malariae?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quid est nomen formae parasite, qui est creat in mosquito, qui est causant malariae?

    <p>Sporozoite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quid est nomen formae parasite, qui est creat in human et causant malariae?

    <p>Merozoite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quid est morbus causant de febrile paroxysms in malariae?

    <p>Pyrogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quid est nomen morbus transmittentur per blood transfusion?

    <p>Transfusion malaria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Duffy negative RBC est refractory ad infection per P. vivax

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    HbE est nomen hemoglobin, qui est protect versus P. falciparum

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quid est nomen morbus, qui est causant per G6PD deficiency?

    <p>G6PD deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quid est nomen morbus, qui est causant per HLA-B53?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Microscopy est gold standard pro diagnosis de malariae?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quid est nomen methodo qui est ut for detect Plasmodium-specific antigens in finger prick?

    <p>Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quid est nomen formae parasite, qui est causant de blackwater fever?

    <p>P. falciparum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quid est nomen morbus, qui est causant per injection de merozoites?

    <p>Merozoite-induced malaria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quid est nomen morbus, qui est causant per hyper-reactive malarial splenomegaly?

    <p>Tropical Splenomegaly Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quid est nomen morbus, qui est causant per reactivation de hypnozoites ?

    <p>Relapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quid est nomen morbus, qui est causant per persistence de erythrocytic cycle?

    <p>Recrudescence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quid est nomen medicamento qui est ut pro prevent de relapse in malariae?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quid est nomen medicamento qui est ut pro prevent de transmission de malariae per mosquitos?

    <p>Primaquine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quid est nomen formae parasite, qui est causant de Texas cattle fever?

    <p>Babesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quid est nomen vector de Babesia?

    <p>Tick</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quid est nomen morbus, qui est causant per Babesia?

    <p>Babesiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Babesia est causant de Lyme disease?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Babesiosis est diagnose per "Maltese cross" arrangement de merozoites ?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quid est nomen medicamento qui est ut pro treatment de Babesiosis ?

    <p>Clindamycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Babesiosis est common in Philippines?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Plasmodium knowlesi est causant de malaria in primates?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quid est nomen methodo qui est ut pro diagnosis de P. knowlesi infection?

    <p>PCR assay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    P. vivax interfere PCR testing de P. knowlesi?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Sporozoa (Plasmodium spp. and Babesia spp.)

    • Sporozoa are a phylum of protozoan parasites.
    • Examples include Plasmodium spp. and Babesia spp.
    • This group is important in medical laboratory science.

    Classification of Protozoan Parasites

    • Phylum Sarcomastigophora
      • Subphylum Sarcodina
        • Acathamoeba
        • Endolimax nana
        • Entamoeba dispar
        • Entamoeba coli
        • Entamoeba gingivalis
        • Entamoeba histolytica
        • lodamoeba butschlii
        • Naegleria fowleri
        • Chilomastix mesnili
        • Giardia lamblia
        • Dientamoeba fragilis
      • Subphylum Mastigophora
        • Trichomonas vaginalis
        • Trichomonas tenax
        • Trichomonas hominis
        • Leishmania braziliensis
        • Leishmania tropica
        • Leishmania donovani
        • Trypanosoma brucei complex
        • Trypanosoma cruzi
    • Phylum Ciliophora
      • Balantidium coli
    • Phylum Apicomplexa
      • Babesia spp.
      • Cryptosporidium hominis
      • Cyclospora cayetanesis
      • Isospora belli
      • Plasmodium spp.
      • Toxoplasma gondii
    • Phylum Microspora
      • Enterocytozon bineusi
      • Encephalitozoon spp.
      • Vittaforma cornea
      • Pleistophora spp.
      • Brachiola vesicularum
      • Microsporidium spp

    Specific Species of Plasmodium spp.

    • Plasmodium falciparum
    • Plasmodium vivax
    • Plasmodium malariae
    • Plasmodium ovale
    • Plasmodium knowlesi

    Specific Species of Babesia spp.

    • Babesia microti
    • Babesia divergens
    • Babesia bovis

    Malaria

    • Etymology: From Italian "mal'aria," meaning "bad air."
    • Considered the most important parasitic disease affecting humans.
    • Vector: Female Anopheles mosquito (specifically Anopheles minimus var. flavirostris, Anopheles litoralis, Anopheles maculates, Anopheles mangyamus).
    • Definitive host: Female Anopheles mosquito
    • Intermediate host: Human
    • Infective stages: Sporozoites (human), gametocytes (mosquito)

    Periodicity/Febrile Cycle

    • Malaria periodicity is related to the erythrocytic cycle of parasites.
    • Different species of Plasmodium have different periodicity (e.g., P. falciparum - malignant tertian, P. vivax - benign tertian, P. malariae - quartan, P. ovale - ovale tertian).
    • Timing data for various types are given

    Old and New Names for Malaria Species

    • Tabular data gives old versus new names for specific malaria species.

    Source of Exposure to Infection

    • Vector-borne (arthropod-borne)
    • Imported malaria
    • Transfusion malaria
    • Mainline malaria
    • Congenital malaria

    Vector Biology

    • Aquatic habitat, slow-flowing, shaded streams
    • Night-biting (indoor and outdoor)
    • Resting inside walls

    Mosquito Life Cycle (Sporogony)

    • Detailed steps through sporozoites, merozoites, gametocytes, and fertilization process
    • Explains the process of mosquitos transmitting malaria

    Schizogony (Asexual Cycle)

    • Detailed stages within the erythrocytic cycle.
    • Importance of liver cells for the exo-erythrocytic cycle
    • Role of merozoites

    Pre-erythrocytic (Tissue) Stage or Exoerythrocytic Stage

    • Detailed steps explaining schizogony
    • Role of hepatocytes and the enlarging schizont

    Erythrocytic Cycle

    • Details of stages including ring forms, trophozoites, schizonts, and merozoites
    • Importance of merozoites infecting RBCs

    Erythrocytic Stage

    • Receptor for merozoites: glycophorin
    • Merozoite morphology
    • Malaria pigment (hemozoin)

    Ring Forms

    • Size and shape characteristics for various malaria species (P. vivax, P. malariae, P. falciparum, P. ovale)
    • Chromatin, pigment, and distribution

    Erythrocytic Stage Features

    • Differences in appearance of malaria pigments across species
    • Characteristics of the amoeboid/trophozoite form
    • Merozoites dividing into schizonts/meronts.

    Developing Trophozoites

    • Detailed tables describing characteristics of the trophozoites for different malaria species

    Immature Schizonts

    • Size, shape, chromatin, and pigment characteristics

    Mature Schizonts

    • Size, shape, merozoite characteristics, and pigment

    Gametogony

    • Gametocyte development within internal organs
    • Gametocyte morphology (P. falciparum vs. others)
    • Critical role for mosquito infection

    Microgametocytes (male)

    • Detailed characteristics
    • Time of appearance, number, size, shape, cytoplasm, chromatin, and pigment

    Macrogametocytes (female)

    • Detailed characteristics
    • Time of appearance, number, size, shape, cytoplasm, chromatin, and pigment (and their comparison to male forms

    Malaria Life Cycle Components

    • Shows the cycle stages within the mosquito and human host

    Intervals (Incubation and Prepatent)

    • Length distinctions across different species

    Clinical Features (Benign Malaria)

    • Description of cold, hot, and sweating stages including symptoms

    Malignant Tertian Malaria

    • The most serious form (caused by P. falciparum)
    • Serious complications

    Algid Malaria

    • Signs, symptoms and complications

    Merozoite-induced Malaria

    • Details of malaria caused by merozoites

    Tropical Splenomegaly Syndrome

    • Information and symptoms

    Recrudescence and Relapse

    • Distinctions between relapses and re-appearances within different species

    Pathological Process of the RBC

    • Poikilocytosis and anisocytosis
    • Altered RBC membrane transport
    • RBC stiffness, and cytoplasmic viscosity

    Morphology

    • Detailed characteristics of different Plasmodium species (e.g., P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae, and P. ovale)—size, trophozoites, number of merozoites, stippling, ring forms, chromatin, applique, gametocytes/blood stages)

    Diagnosis

    • Microscopy (thick and thin blood smears)
    • Quantitative Buffy Coat (QBC)
    • Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs)
    • Serologic tests
    • Molecular methods (PCR)

    Treatment

    • Chemoprophylaxis
    • Curative treatment including details about drugs and use
    • Prevention through gametocidals

    Prevention and Control

    • Use of mosquito repellant
    • Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs)
    • Prophylactic medication
    • Light-colored clothing
    • Environmental and indoor factors
    • Biologic control methods

    Plasmodium knowlesi

    • Characteristics specific to the primate malarial parasite

    Babesia spp

    • Species and descriptions
    • How they are transmitted/symptoms
    • Vector, transmission

    Diagnosis for Babesia

    • Details on pathological processes involving RBC

    Treatment for Babesia

    • Drug of choice and other treatment options

    References

    • Includes relevant authors and publications

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    Related Documents

    Sporozoa (Plasmodium and Babesia) PDF

    Description

    In hoc quiz, explorabimus phylum Sporozoa et classificationem protozoorum parasitorum, inter quos sunt Plasmodium et Babesia. Cognosce diversitatem et proprietates huius phyla medici scientificorum laboratoriis maximi momenti. Discere poteris quales species in subphyla Sarcomastigophora et Mastigophora adsint.

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