Protista and Sarcomastigophora Study Notes

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What structure within a cell is primarily responsible for housing genetic material?

Endosome

Nucleus (correct)

Plasma membrane

Cytoplasm

What is the term used for the temporary protrusion of cytoplasm used for movement?

Flagella

Ectoplasm

Cilia

Pseudopoda (correct)

Which part of the cytoplasm is characterized as the outer layer?

Outer ectoplasm (correct)

Granular endoplasm

Plasma membrane

Inner granular endoplasm

Which cellular structure is involved in motility and can be long filament-like in shape?

Flagella Signup and view all the answers

What type of structure are cilia compared to flagella in terms of length?

They are shorter and more numerous Signup and view all the answers

What is anaerobic respiration?

The ability of an organism to breathe in the absence of adequate oxygen Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the excretion process in organisms relying on anaerobic respiration?

Excretion happens via diffusion through the body surface Signup and view all the answers

Why might an organism rely on anaerobic respiration?

To adapt to low oxygen conditions in their habitat Signup and view all the answers

What happens to nitrogenous waste products in organisms that excrete them through diffusion?

They diffuse out of the body into the surrounding environment Signup and view all the answers

In the context of anaerobic respiration, which statement is false?

Anaerobic respiration occurs in high oxygen environments Signup and view all the answers

What is the outer clear part of the cytoplasm in Amoeba called?

Ectoplasm Signup and view all the answers

How does Amoeba primarily capture its food?

Using pseudopodia to engulf food Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the process by which Amoeba reproduces?

Binary fission Signup and view all the answers

Which structure in Amoeba is responsible for expelling waste?

Contractile vacuole Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary for Amoeba to thrive in its natural habitat?

Still freshwater environments with decaying material Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes Holozoic nutrition?

It is primarily based on feeding on other organisms. Signup and view all the answers

What is the most accepted mechanism for movement in the protoplasm of an organism?

Change in the colloidal state Signup and view all the answers

Which organisms typically exhibit Holozoic nutrition?

Animals that consume both plants and other animals. Signup and view all the answers

What is the state of protoplasm that allows for movement?

Plasma sol Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is FALSE regarding Holozoic nutrition?

Holozoic organisms do not rely on other organisms for food. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the protoplasm's state to enable the organism to move?

It converts from gel to sol Signup and view all the answers

Which type of feeding is NOT a characteristic of Holozoic nutrition?

Absorption of nutrients directly from water. Signup and view all the answers

In Holozoic nutrition, what is the primary source of food for many organisms?

Other living or decaying organisms. Signup and view all the answers

Why is the exact mechanism of protoplasm movement still not understood?

Colloidal behavior is too complex Signup and view all the answers

What is involved in the transition of protoplasm states?

Changes in the physical state Signup and view all the answers

What process allows certain organisms to synthesize their own food from CO2 and H2O in the presence of sunlight?

Photosynthesis Signup and view all the answers

How do most protozoa obtain nutrients from their environment?

Diffusion through their body surface Signup and view all the answers

What organelle is primarily responsible for osmoregulation in freshwater protozoa?

Contractile vacuole Signup and view all the answers

Which form of respiration occurs in the absence of suitable conditions?

Anaerobic respiration Signup and view all the answers

What is the method used by protozoa to ingest droplets of surrounding media?

Pinocytosis Signup and view all the answers

Which method of gas exchange do many protozoa utilize for respiration?

Simple diffusion Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is typical of contractile vacuoles found in protozoa living in freshwater?

They regulate osmotic pressure. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of aerobic respiration in protozoa?

It occurs through contractile vacuoles. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Top Vet Family - Study Notes

Kingdom: Protista
Subkingdom: Protozoa
Phylum: Sarcomastigophora
Subphylum 1: Sarcodina
Superclass: Rhizopoda
Class: Lobosea
Order: Amoebida
Example: Amoeba

General Characteristics of Phylum Sarcomastigophora

Mostly very small in size, ranging from 2-3 microns to 250 microns in length, observable only with light microscopes.
Many species live as solitary individuals
A few species live in colonies
Typically contain one nucleus and nucleoli (endosomes)
Cytoplasm differentiated into outer ectoplasm and inner granular endoplasm
Covered by a plasma membrane

Movement

Pseudopodia: Temporary cytoplasmic extensions for movement and capturing food.
Flagella: Long, filamentous structures for movement.
Cilia: Short, hair-like structures for movement.

Nutrition

Holozoic: Ingesting other organisms (bacteria, algae, smaller protozoa, decaying organic matter). Amoeba is an example.
Holophytic: Synthesizing food through photosynthesis using chlorophyll-like organelles.
Diffusion: Absorption of organic & inorganic substances across the body surface (small protozoa).

Osmoregulation

Contractile Vacuoles: Maintain osmotic balance in freshwater protozoa by regulating water intake. Absent in saltwater protozoa.

Respiration

Aerobic respiration: Obtaining energy by using oxygen.
Anaerobic respiration: Obtaining energy without oxygen. (if necessary conditions are present).

Excretion

Removal of waste products (e.g., ammonia) by diffusion across the body surface. Specialized excretory organs absent.

Reproduction

Asexual: Binary fission (splitting into two identical organisms). Multiple fission (splitting into many).
Sexual: Formation of male and female gametes.

Encystment

A protective stage in the life cycle where the protozoa secretes a cyst (protective covering) to survive harsh environmental conditions.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Explore the fascinating world of Protista with a focus on the Sarcomastigophora phylum. This quiz covers key characteristics, movement types, and nutritional methods of protozoa, including the well-known amoeba. Dive into the microscopic realm and enhance your understanding of these essential organisms.