Protist Classification Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the genus of the protozoan Giardia lamblia?

  • Trypanosoma
  • Leishmania
  • Giardia (correct)
  • Plasmodium

What is the mode of transmission of Giardia lamblia?

  • Contaminated air
  • Direct contact with infected individuals
  • Fecal-oral route (correct)
  • Insect vectors

What is the shape of Giardia lamblia?

  • Oval
  • Pear-shaped (correct)
  • Cylindrical
  • Spherical

How many nuclei does Giardia lamblia have?

<p>2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the phylum of Giardia lamblia?

<p>Sarcomastigophora (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical length of Giardia lamblia?

<p>9-21 mm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of Giardia lamblia's cytoplasm?

<p>Fine granular (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical width of Giardia lamblia?

<p>5-15 mm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the number of flagella in Giardia lamblia?

<p>8 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic movement of Trichomonas vaginalis trophozoite?

<p>Jerky movement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common stain used for detecting trophozoite in Papanicolau smear?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the method used for isolating Trichomonas vaginalis from vaginal and urethral discharge?

<p>Culture media (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for Trichomonas vaginalis infection?

<p>Metronidazole (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mode of transmission of Dientamoeba fragilis?

<p>Oral-fecal transmission (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the site of infection of Dientamoeba fragilis?

<p>Gastrointestinal tract (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the disease caused by Dientamoeba fragilis?

<p>Dientamoebiasis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of Dientamoeba fragilis morphology?

<p>Spindle structure between two nuclei (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the symptom of Dientamoeba fragilis infection?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of Giardia lamblia cysts?

<p>Oval (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the diameter of Giardia lamblia cysts?

<p>8-12 mm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many nuclei are present in a mature Giardia lamblia cyst?

<p>4 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the route of infection for Giardia lamblia?

<p>Ingestion of contaminated water, food, or by the fecal-oral route (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of Giardia lamblia trophozoites in the small intestine?

<p>In the lumen of the proximal small bowel (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which Giardia lamblia trophozoites multiply?

<p>Longitudinal binary fission (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the stage of Giardia lamblia that is commonly found in nondiarrheal faeces?

<p>Cyst (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is person-to-person transmission of Giardia lamblia possible?

<p>Because the cysts are infectious when passed in the stool or shortly afterward (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which Giardia lamblia trophozoites transform into cysts?

<p>Encystation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the cyst stage of Balantidium coli?

<p>It is surrounded by a thick and transparent double-layered wall (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the natural host of Balantidium coli?

<p>Pigs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the site of infection of Balantidium coli?

<p>Large intestine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for Balantidium coli infection?

<p>Metronidazole and tetracycline (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the diagnostic method for Balantidium coli infection?

<p>Stool examination and biopsy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of Balantidium coli?

<p>Phylum: Ciliophora, Family: Balantididae (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pathogenesis of Balantidium coli infection?

<p>Mucosal ulcers and submucosal abscesses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the trophozoite stage of Balantidium coli?

<p>It has short delicate cilia over the entire surface of the body (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reproductive method of Balantidium coli?

<p>Transverse binary fission and conjugation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Leishmania as an obligate intracellular parasite?

<p>It can survive inside a host cell only (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the mode of transmission of Leishmania?

<p>Blood-sucking sandflies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the site of infection for Leishmania in human hosts?

<p>Macrophages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the amastigote form of Leishmania?

<p>Ovoid body with no flagellum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a type of leishmaniasis?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the diagnostic method for Leishmania infection?

<p>Biopsy and cultures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for Leishmania infection?

<p>Pentavalent antimonials (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the insect vector responsible for transmitting Leishmania?

<p>Female sandfly (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the promastigote form of Leishmania?

<p>Spindle-shaped body with a single flagellum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Intestinal and Atrial Flagellates and Ciliates

Giardia lamblia

  • Distribution: Worldwide, particularly in England, Russia, and several countries in Eastern Europe and many seaside areas of the Mediterranean
  • Found in lakes, streams, and other water sources
  • Kingdom: Protista
  • Subkingdom: Protozoa
  • Phylum: Sarcomastigophora
  • Subphylum: Mastigophora
  • Class: Zommastigophora
  • Order: Diplomonadida
  • Family: Hexamitidae
  • Genus: Giardia
  • Species: lamblia
  • Transmission: Fecal-oral route, ingestion of food and water contaminated with animal or human feces
  • Morphology: Pear-shaped, 9-21 mm in length, 5-15 mm in width, bilaterally symmetrical, 2 nuclei, and 2 median parabasal bodies
  • Structure: Fine granular cytoplasm and 2 flagella
  • Life cycle: Excystation, encystation, and infection occurs by the ingestion of cysts in contaminated water, food, or by the fecal-oral route

Trichomonas vaginalis

  • Morphology: Oval and lightly bile-stained, 8-12 mm in diameter, 4 nuclei (mature), and small eccentric karyosome
  • Transmission: Fecal-oral route, ingestion of contaminated water, food, or by the fecal-oral route
  • Detection: Direct smear microscopy, Papanicolau smear, and immunofluorescent stain
  • Treatment: Metronidazole (topical and systemic) and sexual partner treatment to prevent recurrence of infection
  • Prevention: Detection and treatment of cases, avoiding unprotected sexual contact, and no vaccine available

Dientamoeba fragilis

  • Morphology: Binucleate form, spindle structure between the two nuclei
  • Site of infection: Gastrointestinal tract
  • Route: Oral-fecal transmission
  • Symptoms: Diarrhea, abdominal pain, flatulence, nausea, and fatigue
  • Disease: Dientamoebiasis
  • Diagnosis: Microscopic examination of stool, trichrome stain, and PCR
  • Treatment: Metronidazole

Balantidium coli

  • Phylum: Ciliophora
  • Family: Balantididae
  • Natural host: Pigs
  • Accidental host: Humans
  • Reservoirs: Monkeys, pigs, and rats
  • Site: Large intestine
  • Morphology: Trophozoite (active motile, short delicate cilia over the entire surface of the body, 2 nucleus, large kidney-shaped macronucleus, and small micronucleus) and cyst (spherical, 2 nucleus, and surrounded by a thick and transparent double-layered wall)
  • Pathogenesis: Mucosal ulcers and submucosal abscesses
  • Diagnosis: Stool examination and biopsy (intestinal ulcers)
  • Treatment: Tetracycline, metronidazole, and nitroimidazole

Blood and Tissue Flagellates

Leishmania spp.

  • Obligate intracellular parasite
  • 2 hosts: Mammalian and insect vector (female sandfly)
  • Site: Macrophages (human and other mammalian)
  • Mode of transmission: Blood-sucking sandflies
  • Morphology: Amastigote form (ovoid body, nucleus, kinetoplast, non-motile, and no flagellum) and promastigote form (spindle shape body, single flagellum, motile)
  • Pathogenesis: Cutaneous leishmaniasis, mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, and visceral leishmaniasis (liver and spleen)
  • Diagnosis: Biopsy (intestinal ulcers), cultures (nutrient agar + blood), and serological and molecular tests
  • Treatment: Pentavalent antimonials (sodium stibogluconate or meglumine antimonate)

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Description

Identify and classify various types of protists, including flagellates, sporozoa, and amoebas. Test your knowledge of parasites and their characteristics.

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