Protist Classification Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the genus of the protozoan Giardia lamblia?

  • Trypanosoma
  • Leishmania
  • Giardia (correct)
  • Plasmodium

    • What is the mode of transmission of Giardia lamblia?

  • Contaminated air
  • Direct contact with infected individuals
  • Fecal-oral route (correct)
  • Insect vectors

    • What is the shape of Giardia lamblia?

  • Oval
  • Pear-shaped (correct)
  • Cylindrical
  • Spherical

    • How many nuclei does Giardia lamblia have?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the phylum of Giardia lamblia?

    <p>Sarcomastigophora</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical length of Giardia lamblia?

    <p>9-21 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of Giardia lamblia's cytoplasm?

    <p>Fine granular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical width of Giardia lamblia?

    <p>5-15 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number of flagella in Giardia lamblia?

    <p>8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic movement of Trichomonas vaginalis trophozoite?

    <p>Jerky movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common stain used for detecting trophozoite in Papanicolau smear?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the method used for isolating Trichomonas vaginalis from vaginal and urethral discharge?

    <p>Culture media</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for Trichomonas vaginalis infection?

    <p>Metronidazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mode of transmission of Dientamoeba fragilis?

    <p>Oral-fecal transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the site of infection of Dientamoeba fragilis?

    <p>Gastrointestinal tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the disease caused by Dientamoeba fragilis?

    <p>Dientamoebiasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of Dientamoeba fragilis morphology?

    <p>Spindle structure between two nuclei</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the symptom of Dientamoeba fragilis infection?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of Giardia lamblia cysts?

    <p>Oval</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diameter of Giardia lamblia cysts?

    <p>8-12 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many nuclei are present in a mature Giardia lamblia cyst?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the route of infection for Giardia lamblia?

    <p>Ingestion of contaminated water, food, or by the fecal-oral route</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of Giardia lamblia trophozoites in the small intestine?

    <p>In the lumen of the proximal small bowel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which Giardia lamblia trophozoites multiply?

    <p>Longitudinal binary fission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the stage of Giardia lamblia that is commonly found in nondiarrheal faeces?

    <p>Cyst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is person-to-person transmission of Giardia lamblia possible?

    <p>Because the cysts are infectious when passed in the stool or shortly afterward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which Giardia lamblia trophozoites transform into cysts?

    <p>Encystation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the cyst stage of Balantidium coli?

    <p>It is surrounded by a thick and transparent double-layered wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the natural host of Balantidium coli?

    <p>Pigs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the site of infection of Balantidium coli?

    <p>Large intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for Balantidium coli infection?

    <p>Metronidazole and tetracycline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diagnostic method for Balantidium coli infection?

    <p>Stool examination and biopsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of Balantidium coli?

    <p>Phylum: Ciliophora, Family: Balantididae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pathogenesis of Balantidium coli infection?

    <p>Mucosal ulcers and submucosal abscesses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the trophozoite stage of Balantidium coli?

    <p>It has short delicate cilia over the entire surface of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reproductive method of Balantidium coli?

    <p>Transverse binary fission and conjugation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Leishmania as an obligate intracellular parasite?

    <p>It can survive inside a host cell only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the mode of transmission of Leishmania?

    <p>Blood-sucking sandflies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the site of infection for Leishmania in human hosts?

    <p>Macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the amastigote form of Leishmania?

    <p>Ovoid body with no flagellum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a type of leishmaniasis?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diagnostic method for Leishmania infection?

    <p>Biopsy and cultures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for Leishmania infection?

    <p>Pentavalent antimonials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the insect vector responsible for transmitting Leishmania?

    <p>Female sandfly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the promastigote form of Leishmania?

    <p>Spindle-shaped body with a single flagellum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Intestinal and Atrial Flagellates and Ciliates

    Giardia lamblia

    • Distribution: Worldwide, particularly in England, Russia, and several countries in Eastern Europe and many seaside areas of the Mediterranean
    • Found in lakes, streams, and other water sources
    • Kingdom: Protista
    • Subkingdom: Protozoa
    • Phylum: Sarcomastigophora
    • Subphylum: Mastigophora
    • Class: Zommastigophora
    • Order: Diplomonadida
    • Family: Hexamitidae
    • Genus: Giardia
    • Species: lamblia
    • Transmission: Fecal-oral route, ingestion of food and water contaminated with animal or human feces
    • Morphology: Pear-shaped, 9-21 mm in length, 5-15 mm in width, bilaterally symmetrical, 2 nuclei, and 2 median parabasal bodies
    • Structure: Fine granular cytoplasm and 2 flagella
    • Life cycle: Excystation, encystation, and infection occurs by the ingestion of cysts in contaminated water, food, or by the fecal-oral route

    Trichomonas vaginalis

    • Morphology: Oval and lightly bile-stained, 8-12 mm in diameter, 4 nuclei (mature), and small eccentric karyosome
    • Transmission: Fecal-oral route, ingestion of contaminated water, food, or by the fecal-oral route
    • Detection: Direct smear microscopy, Papanicolau smear, and immunofluorescent stain
    • Treatment: Metronidazole (topical and systemic) and sexual partner treatment to prevent recurrence of infection
    • Prevention: Detection and treatment of cases, avoiding unprotected sexual contact, and no vaccine available

    Dientamoeba fragilis

    • Morphology: Binucleate form, spindle structure between the two nuclei
    • Site of infection: Gastrointestinal tract
    • Route: Oral-fecal transmission
    • Symptoms: Diarrhea, abdominal pain, flatulence, nausea, and fatigue
    • Disease: Dientamoebiasis
    • Diagnosis: Microscopic examination of stool, trichrome stain, and PCR
    • Treatment: Metronidazole

    Balantidium coli

    • Phylum: Ciliophora
    • Family: Balantididae
    • Natural host: Pigs
    • Accidental host: Humans
    • Reservoirs: Monkeys, pigs, and rats
    • Site: Large intestine
    • Morphology: Trophozoite (active motile, short delicate cilia over the entire surface of the body, 2 nucleus, large kidney-shaped macronucleus, and small micronucleus) and cyst (spherical, 2 nucleus, and surrounded by a thick and transparent double-layered wall)
    • Pathogenesis: Mucosal ulcers and submucosal abscesses
    • Diagnosis: Stool examination and biopsy (intestinal ulcers)
    • Treatment: Tetracycline, metronidazole, and nitroimidazole

    Blood and Tissue Flagellates

    Leishmania spp.

    • Obligate intracellular parasite
    • 2 hosts: Mammalian and insect vector (female sandfly)
    • Site: Macrophages (human and other mammalian)
    • Mode of transmission: Blood-sucking sandflies
    • Morphology: Amastigote form (ovoid body, nucleus, kinetoplast, non-motile, and no flagellum) and promastigote form (spindle shape body, single flagellum, motile)
    • Pathogenesis: Cutaneous leishmaniasis, mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, and visceral leishmaniasis (liver and spleen)
    • Diagnosis: Biopsy (intestinal ulcers), cultures (nutrient agar + blood), and serological and molecular tests
    • Treatment: Pentavalent antimonials (sodium stibogluconate or meglumine antimonate)

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    Description

    Identify and classify various types of protists, including flagellates, sporozoa, and amoebas. Test your knowledge of parasites and their characteristics.

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