Proteomics Overview
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Questions and Answers

Proteins are biological molecules made up of building blocks called ______

amino acids

The term “proteome” refers to all of the proteins that an organism can ______

express

Proteomics is the study of the ______

proteome

Proteomics investigates how different proteins ______ with each other

<p>interact</p> Signup and view all the answers

Proteomics can answer key questions related to protein identification, protein quantification, protein localization, and the ______ of proteins

<p>roles</p> Signup and view all the answers

Proteomics measures total protein abundance and investigates the rate of protein ______

<p>turnover</p> Signup and view all the answers

Post-translational modifications can affect protein activation, ______, stability, interactions and signal transduction among other protein characteristics

<p>localization</p> Signup and view all the answers

Functional proteomics is focused on identifying the biological functions of specific individual proteins, classes of proteins (e.g., ______) or whole protein interaction networks

<p>kinases</p> Signup and view all the answers

Structural studies yield important insights into protein function, the 'drugability' of protein targets for drug discovery, and drug ______

<p>design</p> Signup and view all the answers

Protein-protein interactions investigate how proteins interact with each other, which proteins interact, and when and where they ______

<p>interact</p> Signup and view all the answers

Antibody-based methods such as ELISA and western blotting rely on the availability of antibodies targeted toward specific proteins or ______ to identify proteins and quantify their expression levels

<p>epitopes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE or 2DPAGE) uses an electric current to separate proteins in a gel based on their charge (1st dimension) and ______ (2nd dimension)

<p>mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chromatography-based methods can be used to separate and purify proteins from complex biological mixtures such as cell lysates.For example, ion-exchange chromatography separates proteins based on ______

<p>charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

Size exclusion chromatography separates proteins based on their molecular ______

<p>size</p> Signup and view all the answers

Affinity chromatography employs reversible interactions between specific affinity ligands and their target ______

<p>proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

Protein microarrays apply small amounts of sample to a “chip” for analysis (this is sometimes in the form of a glass slide with a chemically modified surface).Specific antibodies can be immobilized to the chip surface and used to capture target proteins in a complex sample.This is termed an analytical protein microarray, and these types of microarrays are used to measure the expression levels and binding affinities of proteins in a ______

<p>sample</p> Signup and view all the answers

Functional protein microarrays are used to characterize protein functions such as protein–RNA interactions and ______ turnover

<p>enzyme-substrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a reverse-phase protein microarray, proteins from e.g., healthy vs.diseased tissues or untreated vs.______

<p>treated</p> Signup and view all the answers

Treated cells are bound to the ______, and the chip is then probed with antibodies against the target proteins.

<p>chip</p> Signup and view all the answers

Protein mass spectrometry refers to the use of mass spectrometry in the study and characterization of ______, including their quantification, profiling, interaction mapping, and identification of their post-translational modifications.

<p>proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

Protein mass spectrometry may also be referred to as ______.

<p>mass spectrometry-based proteomics</p> Signup and view all the answers

Regardless of how the protein sample is separated, the downstream MS workflow comprises three main steps: 1.The proteins/peptides are ionized by the ion source of the mass spectrometer. 2.The resulting ions are separated according to their mass to charge ratio by the ______.

<p>mass analyzer</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ions are ______.

<p>detected</p> Signup and view all the answers

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