Proteomics Overview

Proteins are biological molecules made up of building blocks called ______

The term “proteome” refers to all of the proteins that an organism can ______

Proteomics is the study of the ______

Proteomics investigates how different proteins ______ with each other

Proteomics can answer key questions related to protein identification, protein quantification, protein localization, and the ______ of proteins

Proteomics measures total protein abundance and investigates the rate of protein ______

Post-translational modifications can affect protein activation, ______, stability, interactions and signal transduction among other protein characteristics

Functional proteomics is focused on identifying the biological functions of specific individual proteins, classes of proteins (e.g., ______) or whole protein interaction networks

Structural studies yield important insights into protein function, the 'drugability' of protein targets for drug discovery, and drug ______

Protein-protein interactions investigate how proteins interact with each other, which proteins interact, and when and where they ______

Antibody-based methods such as ELISA and western blotting rely on the availability of antibodies targeted toward specific proteins or ______ to identify proteins and quantify their expression levels

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE or 2DPAGE) uses an electric current to separate proteins in a gel based on their charge (1st dimension) and ______ (2nd dimension)

Chromatography-based methods can be used to separate and purify proteins from complex biological mixtures such as cell lysates.For example, ion-exchange chromatography separates proteins based on ______

Size exclusion chromatography separates proteins based on their molecular ______

Affinity chromatography employs reversible interactions between specific affinity ligands and their target ______

Protein microarrays apply small amounts of sample to a “chip” for analysis (this is sometimes in the form of a glass slide with a chemically modified surface).Specific antibodies can be immobilized to the chip surface and used to capture target proteins in a complex sample.This is termed an analytical protein microarray, and these types of microarrays are used to measure the expression levels and binding affinities of proteins in a ______

Functional protein microarrays are used to characterize protein functions such as protein–RNA interactions and ______ turnover

In a reverse-phase protein microarray, proteins from e.g., healthy vs.diseased tissues or untreated vs.______

Treated cells are bound to the ______, and the chip is then probed with antibodies against the target proteins.

Protein mass spectrometry refers to the use of mass spectrometry in the study and characterization of ______, including their quantification, profiling, interaction mapping, and identification of their post-translational modifications.

Protein mass spectrometry may also be referred to as ______.

Regardless of how the protein sample is separated, the downstream MS workflow comprises three main steps: 1.The proteins/peptides are ionized by the ion source of the mass spectrometer. 2.The resulting ions are separated according to their mass to charge ratio by the ______.

The ions are ______.