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Questions and Answers
What is a common characteristic of Proteobacteria?
What is a common characteristic of Proteobacteria?
- Stain Gram-positive
- Contain an outer membrane with LPS (correct)
- Have a thick cell wall
- Are exclusively lithotrophs
Which group of Proteobacteria includes sulfur and iron reducers?
Which group of Proteobacteria includes sulfur and iron reducers?
- Betaproteobacteria
- Alphaproteobacteria
- Deltaproteobacteria (correct)
- Gammaproteobacteria
Which bacteria can be isolated from various environmental sources like sewage and marine water?
Which bacteria can be isolated from various environmental sources like sewage and marine water?
- Rhodospirillum
- Salmonella
- Bdellovibrios (correct)
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae
What is a characteristic of Epsilonproteobacteria?
What is a characteristic of Epsilonproteobacteria?
What role do Deltaproteobacteria play in the ecosystem?
What role do Deltaproteobacteria play in the ecosystem?
What is the main benefit of the mutualism between plants and nitrogen-fixing rhizobia?
What is the main benefit of the mutualism between plants and nitrogen-fixing rhizobia?
How do host plants and rhizobial bacteria recognize each other as suitable partners?
How do host plants and rhizobial bacteria recognize each other as suitable partners?
What is the role of Nod factors in the symbiotic relationship between legumes and rhizobia?
What is the role of Nod factors in the symbiotic relationship between legumes and rhizobia?
What happens to bacteroids once they are surrounded by the plant cell envelope?
What happens to bacteroids once they are surrounded by the plant cell envelope?
Why do farmers often alternate crops like corn with soybeans?
Why do farmers often alternate crops like corn with soybeans?
What is the main limiting nutrient for primary productivity in many natural ecosystems and forms of agriculture?
What is the main limiting nutrient for primary productivity in many natural ecosystems and forms of agriculture?
Which process involves the conversion of ammonia (NH3) to nitrite (NO2-) and nitrate (NO3-)?
Which process involves the conversion of ammonia (NH3) to nitrite (NO2-) and nitrate (NO3-)?
What is the main avenue for the entry of nitrogen into the biosphere?
What is the main avenue for the entry of nitrogen into the biosphere?
What is the form of nitrogen that is assimilated into biomass by microbes and plants?
What is the form of nitrogen that is assimilated into biomass by microbes and plants?
Which microbial reaction involves the oxidation of ammonia to nitrite or nitrate?
Which microbial reaction involves the oxidation of ammonia to nitrite or nitrate?
Why is nitrogen fixation considered energy-intensive?
Why is nitrogen fixation considered energy-intensive?
What is the major reason why nitrogen remains limiting in ecosystems despite being ubiquitous?
What is the major reason why nitrogen remains limiting in ecosystems despite being ubiquitous?
Which process contributes to the acidification of soil during nitrogen fixation?
Which process contributes to the acidification of soil during nitrogen fixation?
What role does denitrification play in terms of nitrate reduction in ecosystems?
What role does denitrification play in terms of nitrate reduction in ecosystems?
What is the consequence of heavy fertilization leading to excess nitrate in ecosystems?
What is the consequence of heavy fertilization leading to excess nitrate in ecosystems?
What type of media favours the growth of one organism over another?
What type of media favours the growth of one organism over another?
Which type of media exposes biochemical differences between two species that grow equally well?
Which type of media exposes biochemical differences between two species that grow equally well?
Why is a medium containing bile salts and crystal violet considered selective?
Why is a medium containing bile salts and crystal violet considered selective?
When is a differential medium needed in microbiology?
When is a differential medium needed in microbiology?
What is the primary purpose of selective and differential media in clinical microbiology?
What is the primary purpose of selective and differential media in clinical microbiology?
Where is anaerobic Photosystem 1 (PS1) found?
Where is anaerobic Photosystem 1 (PS1) found?
Which organisms contain bacteriorhodopsin and proteorhodopsin, which are light-driven proton pumps?
Which organisms contain bacteriorhodopsin and proteorhodopsin, which are light-driven proton pumps?
What do chlorophylls and bacteriochlorophylls do in photosynthesis?
What do chlorophylls and bacteriochlorophylls do in photosynthesis?
What is the function of the antenna complex in chlorophyll-based photosynthesis?
What is the function of the antenna complex in chlorophyll-based photosynthesis?
Where are thylakoids found?
Where are thylakoids found?
What is the source of electrons for Photosystem 1 (PS1)?
What is the source of electrons for Photosystem 1 (PS1)?
What does Photosystem 2 (PS2) use to generate ATP?
What does Photosystem 2 (PS2) use to generate ATP?
What is the primary product of oxygenic photosynthesis?
What is the primary product of oxygenic photosynthesis?
What is the primary energy source for Aquificae members?
What is the primary energy source for Aquificae members?
Where was Thermotoga maritima originally isolated from?
Where was Thermotoga maritima originally isolated from?
What type of bacteria are Chloroflexus species?
What type of bacteria are Chloroflexus species?
Which bacteria are informally known as 'green nonsulfur bacteria'?
Which bacteria are informally known as 'green nonsulfur bacteria'?
What is a notable characteristic of Deinococcus species?
What is a notable characteristic of Deinococcus species?
What specialized cells do cyanobacteria form to exclude oxygen for nitrogen fixation?
What specialized cells do cyanobacteria form to exclude oxygen for nitrogen fixation?
Which structures enable cyanobacteria to float in the water column?
Which structures enable cyanobacteria to float in the water column?
What is the specific purpose of carboxysomes in cyanobacteria?
What is the specific purpose of carboxysomes in cyanobacteria?
Which strategy do cyanobacteria use to maintain anaerobic biochemistry while producing oxygen?
Which strategy do cyanobacteria use to maintain anaerobic biochemistry while producing oxygen?
In what way do cyanobacterial filaments and colonies resemble multicellular organisms?
In what way do cyanobacterial filaments and colonies resemble multicellular organisms?
What is the defining characteristic of methanotrophs?
What is the defining characteristic of methanotrophs?
Which family of bacteria includes widely studied species like Escherichia coli?
Which family of bacteria includes widely studied species like Escherichia coli?
What is a common feature of many Enterobacteriaceae strains regarding oxygen?
What is a common feature of many Enterobacteriaceae strains regarding oxygen?
Which bacterial group includes pathogens that can infect both plants and animals?
Which bacterial group includes pathogens that can infect both plants and animals?
Which feature is characteristic of Xanthomonas species among agricultural pathogens?
Which feature is characteristic of Xanthomonas species among agricultural pathogens?
What is a distinctive feature of the spirochete cell structure?
What is a distinctive feature of the spirochete cell structure?
How does spirochete motility differ from regular bacterial motility?
How does spirochete motility differ from regular bacterial motility?
What is the primary energy source for spirochetes?
What is the primary energy source for spirochetes?
Where are the periplasmic flagella located in a spirochete cell?
Where are the periplasmic flagella located in a spirochete cell?
What is unique about the rotation of periplasmic flagella in spirochetes?
What is unique about the rotation of periplasmic flagella in spirochetes?
What enzyme is required for nitrogen fixation in cyanobacteria like Anabaena?
What enzyme is required for nitrogen fixation in cyanobacteria like Anabaena?
How do heterocysts enable cyanobacteria like Anabaena to fix nitrogen anaerobically?
How do heterocysts enable cyanobacteria like Anabaena to fix nitrogen anaerobically?
What is the term for the specialized cells developed by Anabaena to fix nitrogen?
What is the term for the specialized cells developed by Anabaena to fix nitrogen?
Why is the enzyme nitrogenase sensitive to oxygen?
Why is the enzyme nitrogenase sensitive to oxygen?
What physiological activities do cyanobacteria like Anabaena carry out simultaneously due to heterocyst development?
What physiological activities do cyanobacteria like Anabaena carry out simultaneously due to heterocyst development?
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